decontamination. regulation osha 1910.120(q) employer shall develop plans operations level = basic...
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DECONTAMINATION
REGULATION OSHA 1910.120(q)
Employer shall develop plans
• Operations level = basic implementation
• Technician = understand and implement
• Specialist = determine and implement
• IC = understand importance
DEFINITION
The process of removing or neutralizing
contaminants that have accumulated on
personnel, property, and equipment
DECONTAMINATION PLAN
• Development
• Part of scene safety plan
• Person responsible
DECONTAMINATION PLANREASONS
• Number and layout of decon stations
• Equipment needs
• Appropriate decon methods
• Preventing contamination of clean areas
• Contaminant contact minimized
• Disposal of clothing and equipment
TRAIN ALL PERSONNEL ON THE PLAN
DECONTAMINATION PLANFLEXIBILITY
REVISE THE PLAN WHENEVER:
• Level of PPE changes
• Ambient or other conditions change
• Hazards are reassessed
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
DO NOT (if possible):
CONTAMINATION PREVENTION
• Walk, sit, or stand, get splashed by, or come in contact with airborne or liquid materials
• Use contaminated equipment and instruments
DO:
• Use disposable garments and equipment when possible
• Cover equipment and tools when possible
• Use proper donning and doffing procedures
• Use remote sampling and handling equipment
• Encase the source of contamination with plastic sheeting or overpacks
CONTAMINATION PREVENTION
PPE INSPECTION• Ensure there are no cuts or punctures
• Close all flaps, zippers, buttons, and ties
• Tape openings of gloves, boots, and jackets
• Dress prior to entering work zone
CONTAMINATION PREVENTION
CONTAMINATION LOCATION
• Surface only or permeated into PPE
• Sometimes easy to detect and remove on the surface
• Permeated material may be difficult or impossible to detect and remove
• Without removal, permeation continues until breakthrough occurs
FIVE MAJOR FACTORS OF PERMEATION
• Contact time
• Chemical concentration
• Temperature
– Ambient
– Chemical
• Size of chemical molecules and pore space of PPE material
• Physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)
THREE DECON METHODS
1. Physical removal– Dislodging / displacing– Washing / rinsing– Wiping / brushing– Evaporation– High pressure (air or water)– Disposal– Vacuum (dry decon)
THREE DECON METHODS
2. Chemical removal
– Done only if recommended by a chemist, industrial hygienist, or qualified professional
3. Inactivation (rendering inert)
– Chemical detoxification
– Disinfection
– Sterilization
EPA RECOMMENDS ONLY SOAP AND WATER FOR ALL WET DECON
CLEANING SOLUTIONS
Before using any other solution, contact
the chemical manufacturer and check
chemical compatibility and suit material
compatibility
EXAMPLES OF CLEANING CHEMICALS
• Visual observation
– Natural light
– Discoloration or stains
– Material degradation and breakdown
• Ultraviolet light
– Some hydrocarbons become visible
• Colorimetric tube
– Individual chemical testing
TESTING DECON EFFECTIVENESS
• Wipe sampling
– Natural light
– Dry or wet cloth swab; send to lab
– Sample inner and outer surfaces
• Cleaning solution analysis
– Sample final rinse
– pH of final rinse
• Permeation testing
– Send sample pieces of suit to lab
TESTING DECON EFFECTIVENESS
HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS
• Compatibility of decon solution with PPE and hazardous substances
• Possible health hazard to workers
• Effective decon methods
• Decon line established before anyone enters the Hot Zone
DECON DESIGN
• Located in the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ) between the Hot and Cold Zones
• The level and type of decon are dependent on the material(s) found
• Should include emergency contingencies
Redress
CRC
Support Staff
Tank
change
Cle
an
Sid
e
Dir
ty S
ide
Auxiliary access
control path
Equipment Decontamination
Em
erge
ncy
Dec
on
Cold Line
Cold Zone
Hot Zone
Hot Line
Enter Path
Exit Path
Warm Zone
CRZ
Wind
Wash and
Rinse
CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE
Recommended heavy equipment DECON
CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE
DECON PROCEDURES
• Place chemically impervious ground cover in decon area
• Follow a series of specific tasks
• Perform work at several separate stations to prevent cross contamination
• Perform work in order of decreasing contamination (dirty to clean)
DECON PROCEDURES
• Set up in a straight line when possible
• Size depends on:
– Number of work stations
– Scene layout and topography
– Usually 75' x 15' is adequate
Overall DECON
Entering the DECON corridor
Personnel DECON
Emergency Shower
Suit and boot washSuit and boot rinseSafety boot removalFES removalCBA backpack removalInner glove washInner glove rinseFace piece removalInner glove removalInner clothing removal
7 81011121314151617
9
Tank change
5
1
Outer glove removal
Boot cover removal
Tape removal
Boot cover and glove wash
Segregated equipment drop4 3 2
COLD LINE
BC and G rinse HOT LINE6
19
18Field wash
Redress
Decon LayoutLevel A Protection
Contamination Reduction or Warm Zone
Support or Cold Zone
Exclusion/ Hot Zone
Contamination Reduction Corridor
19-STEP DECON LINE
Equipment Drop B drop all equipment except the information that goes to the Command
Center
Gross wash and rinse done by the Entry Team personnel with assistance from DECON personnel
DECON personnel conduct the second wash and rinse
Final rinse
Decision: Change-out tank or remove suit?
Tank change-out done by the “rinser”
Removal of the chemical suit
SCBA Removal
Field wash and rinse, or shower,or DECON trailer
DECON shower with privacy curtain
Shower B PVC pipe and a 200-gal. catch basin
Shower and final rinse
Shower for cooling personnel
DECON trailer
Stools for members of the Entry Team remaining in their suits B medical monitoring and debriefing
Medical monitoring and debriefingfor out-of-suit personnel
Air-inflatable tent used for medical monitoring and
debriefing
DECON line diagrammed ontoa clear polyethylene sheet
Wind direction
Decon solutionWater
Equipment drop
Exclusion zone
Plastic sheet
Can (10 gallon) Can
(32 gallon)
Decon outer garments Remove
boot covers and outer gloves
Tank changeover
point
Contamination Reduction Zone
Remove SCBA
201
201
Ho
t L
ine
Sup
port
Zon
e
Remove boots/gloves
and outer garments
(For disposal and offsite decontamination)
F.S.O.P. No. 7 MINIMUM A AND B DECON
Segregated equipment drop1
COLD LINE
HOT LINE
Decon LayoutLevel A and B Protection
Contamination Reduction or Warm Zone
Support or Cold Zone
Exclusion or Hot Zone
3
Tank change
Contamination Reduction Corridor
EPA's 7-STEP DECON LINE
2
4
5
6
7
Outer boot, glove, FES wash and rinse
Outer boot and glove removal
Boot, glove, and FES removal
SCBA removal
Field wash
7-step Decontamination Line
Station # 1 - Gross Wash and RinseAA. VacuumBB. Extra pads
A. Equipment dropB. Bucket with brushC. Plastic pool
D. Bucket for trashE. Wash solutionF. StoolG. Shower (if used)H. Drums for spent solution
Station # 2 - Second Wash and RinseB. Bucket with brushC. Plastic poolE. Wash solutionH. Drums for spent solutionI. Garden hose with spray wand
J. Stabilizing device
Station # 3 - Final Rinse C. Plastic poolG. Shower (if used)H. Drums for spent solution I. Garden hose with spray wand
J. Stabilizing device
Station # 4 - Tank Change / CartridgeF. StoolsK. CylindersL. Supply of outer glovesM. Outer boot covers
Station # 5 - Equipment RemovalD. Trash canF. StoolsH. Drums for trashN. Trash bagsO. Table
P. Bucket of soap and waterQ. Bucket of water
Station # 6 - Field Wash or ShowerD. Trash canG. Shower ( if used )O. Table
P. Bucket of soap and waterQ. Bucket of water R. Supply of inner suits
Station # 7 - Medical Monitoring / DebriefingF. StoolsO. Table
S. Blood pressure cuff and thermometer
K
II
EN
TR
Y
EN
TR
Y
EX
IT
EX
IT
CLEAN SIDE
N N
Sta
. 7
H
S
O
D
BE
C
D J
G GO
QP R
A
CLEAN SIDE
DIRTY SIDE
HO
T Z
ON
E
WA
RM
ZO
NE
CO
LD Z
ON
E
Area
Emergency
Decon
BBA
A
BE
C
H H
C
J
H H H H
L
M
F
O
P
Q
D
G
F
F
F
F F
F F
F
RE
TU
RN
TO
HO
T Z
ON
E
Sta
. #
2
Sta
. #
1
Sta
. #
4
Sta
. #
3
Sta
. #
5
Sta
. #
6
DECON COMPLETE LAYOUT
PERSONAL PROTECTION
• Decon workers can set up the decontamination reduction corridor in level D protection
• Once the warm zone has been activated, the minimum level of protection is one level less or the same as the entry team's
• The first position in decon may require a greater level than the rest
DISPOSAL METHODS• All equipment used must be
disposed of or decontaminated properly
• All spent solutions must be collected and disposed of properly
Clothing and solid materials must be placed in plastic bags pending further testing, decon, and/or disposal according to local, state, or federal standards
DECON workers must clean up their area, restock, then DECON themselves
Basic emergency
DECONset-ups
EMERGENCY DECONTAMINATION
• The primary concern is for response personnel, then the public
– Prevent loss of life
– Prevent severe injury
• Plan for medical emergencies
– Decon victim(s)
– Protect medical personnel
• Decision to decon victim is based on:
• Type and severity of contamination or injury
• Immediate life-saving and first aid needs
• Aggravation of the injury or delay of life-saving treatment
EMERGENCY DECONTAMINATION
• Alert medical personnel of potential contamination; protect medic unit
• Send chemical information with the victim
• Send response personnel familiar with the incident with victim if possible
EMERGENCY DECONTAMINATION
Dispose of contaminated PPE
Wash, rinse, and/or cut off PPE or clothing
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