december ctia safety flyer 2016coloradotimber.org/.../december-ctia-safety-flyer-2016.pdfdecember...
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DECEMBER 2 0 16
TimberTimes
PartnersforHealthyForests
SafetyFlyer
The Colorado Timber Industry Association (CTIA) is an association of small, family-ownedbusinesses committed to logging, processing and performing service work in the forests ofColorado. Weareexceptionalpartnerstothepublicandprivatestewardsofourvaluableandbeautifulforests.WeembraceBestManagementPractices(BMPs)andsustainableforestry.Tomeet these values, we host annual continuing education classes on BMPs and conduct fieldaudits to demonstrate our accountability to high quality, active management designed topromotelongtermforesthealth.
SPECIALPOINTSOFINTEREST
• WorkingSafelyinColdWeather
• HowtoPreventColdStress
• HowtoProtectWorkers
• HelpfulLinks• FrostbiteChart
HelloAll,Logging is dangerous work, and safety has always been a primary focus for CTIA. I hope these monthly safety flyers contribute to your company safety program and to the safety of you and your crews. Please share this safety flyer with your employees, contractors, or fellow loggers. If you’ll send me their email address, we’ll add them to our list. Our goal is safety for every logger, trucker, and mill worker in Colorado. If you find an interesting article or an OSHA related issue, please share with me so I send to our email list or incorporate into a future Safety Flyer. Molly
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WorkingSafelyinColdWeatherAnyoneworkinginacoldenvironmentmaybeatriskofcoldstress.Someworkersmayberequiredtoworkoutdoorsincoldenvironmentsandforextendedperiods,forexample,snowcleanupcrews,sanitationworkers,policeofficersandemergencyresponseandrecoverypersonnel,likefirefighters,andemergencymedicaltechnicians.Coldstresscanbeencounteredinthesetypesofworkenvironment.Thefollowingfrequentlyaskedquestionswillhelpworkersunderstandwhatcoldstressis,howitmayaffecttheirhealthandsafety,andhowitcanbeprevented.Howcoldistoocold?Whatconstitutesextremecoldanditseffectscanvaryacrossdifferentareasofthecountry.Inregionsthatarenotusedtowinterweather,nearfreezingtemperaturesareconsidered"extremecold."Acoldenvironmentforcesthebodytoworkhardertomaintainitstemperature.Whenevertemperaturesdropbelownormalandwindspeedincreases,heatcanleaveyourbodymorerapidly.Windchillisthetemperatureyourbodyfeelswhenairtemperatureandwindspeedarecombined.Forexample,whentheairtemperatureis40°F,andthewindspeedis35mph,theeffectontheexposedskinisasiftheairtemperaturewas28°F.Coldstressoccursbydrivingdowntheskintemperatureandeventuallytheinternalbodytemperature(coretemperature).Thismayleadtoserioushealthproblems,andmaycausetissuedamage,andpossiblydeath.Whataretheriskfactorsthatcontributetocoldstress?Someoftheriskfactorsthatcontributetocoldstressare:• Wetness/dampness,dressingimproperly,andexhaustion• Predisposinghealthconditionssuchashypertension,hypothyroidism,and
diabetes• Poorphysicalconditioning
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WorkingSafelyinColdWeather(cont’d)Howdoesthebodyreacttocoldconditions?Inacoldenvironment,mostofthebody'senergyisusedtokeeptheinternalcoretemperaturewarm.Overtime,thebodywillbegintoshiftbloodflowfromtheextremities(hands,feet,arms,andlegs)andouterskintothecore(chestandabdomen).Thisshiftallowstheexposedskinandtheextremitiestocoolrapidlyandincreasestheriskoffrostbiteandhypothermia.Combinethisscenariowithexposuretoawetenvironment,andtrenchfootmayalsobeaproblem.Whatarethemostcommoncoldinducedillnesses/injuries?• Hypothermia• Frostbite• TrenchFootWhatishypothermia?Hypothermiaoccurswhenbodyheatislostfasterthanitcanbereplacedandthenormalbodytemperature(98.6°F)dropstolessthan95°F.Hypothermiaismostlikelyatverycoldtemperatures,butitcanoccurevenatcooltemperatures(above40°F),ifapersonbecomeschilledfromrain,sweat,orsubmersionincoldwater.Whatarethesymptomsofhypothermia?Mildsymptoms:• Anexposedworkerisalert.• Heorshemaybegintoshiverandstompthefeetinordertogenerateheat.
ModeratetoSeveresymptoms:• Asthebodytemperaturecontinuestofall,symptomswillworsenandshiveringwillstop.
• Theworkermaylosecoordinationandfumblewithitemsinthehand,becomeconfusedanddisoriented.
• Heorshemaybeunabletowalkorstand,pupilsbecomedilated,pulseandbreathingbecomeslowed,andlossofconsciousnesscanoccur.Apersoncoulddieifhelpisnotreceivedimmediately.
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WorkingSafelyinColdWeather(cont’d)Whatcanbedoneforapersonsufferingfromhypothermia?• Call911immediatelyinanemergency;otherwiseseekmedicalassistanceas
soonaspossible.• Movethepersontoawarm,dryarea.• Removewetclothesandreplacewithdryclothes,coverthebody(includingthe
headandneck)withlayersofblankets;andwithavaporbarrier(e.g.tarp,garbagebag).Donotcovertheface.
• Ifmedicalhelpismorethan30minutesaway:• Givewarmsweeteneddrinksifalert(noalcohol),tohelpincreasethebodytemperature.Nevertrytogiveadrinktoanunconsciousperson.
• Placewarmbottlesorhotpacksinarmpits,sidesofchest,andgroin.Call911foradditionalrewarminginstructions.
• Ifapersonisnotbreathingorhasnopulse:• Call911foremergencymedicalassistanceimmediately.• Treattheworkerasperinstructionsforhypothermia,butbeverycarefulanddonottrytogiveanunconsciouspersonfluids.
• Checkhim/herforsignsofbreathingandforapulse.Checkfor60seconds.
• Ifafter60secondstheaffectedworkerisnotbreathinganddoesnothaveapulse,trainedworkersmaystartrescuebreathsfor3minutes.
• Recheckforbreathingandpulse,checkfor60seconds.• Iftheworkerisstillnotbreathingandhasnopulse,continuerescuebreathing.
• Onlystartchestcompressionsperthedirectionofthe911operatororemergencymedicalservices*
• Reassesspatient’sphysicalstatusperiodically.*Chestcompressionarerecommendedonlyifthepatientwillnotreceivemedicalcarewithin3hours.
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WorkingSafelyinColdWeather(cont’d)Whatisfrostbite?Frostbiteisaninjurytothebodythatiscausedbyfreezingoftheskinandunderlyingtissues.Thelowerthetemperature,themorequicklyfrostbitewilloccur.Frostbitetypicallyaffectstheextremities,particularlythefeetandhands.Amputationmayberequiredinseverecases.Whatarethesymptomsoffrostbite?•Reddenedskindevelopsgray/whitepatches.•Numbnessintheaffectedpart.•Feelsfirmorhard.•Blistersmayoccurintheaffectedpart,inseverecases.Whatcanbedoneforapersonsufferingfromfrostbite?•Followtherecommendationsdescribedaboveforhypothermia.
•Donotrubtheaffectedareatowarmitbecausethisactioncancausemoredamage.
•Donotapplysnow/water.Donotbreakblisters.
•Looselycoverandprotecttheareafromcontact.
•Donottrytorewarmthefrostbittenareabeforegettingmedicalhelp;forexample,donotplaceinwarmwater.Ifafrostbittenareaisrewarmedandgetsfrozenagain,moretissuedamagewilloccur.Itissaferforthefrostbittenareatoberewarmedbymedicalprofessionals.
•Givewarmsweeteneddrinks,ifthepersonisalert.Avoiddrinkswithalcohol.
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WorkingSafelyinColdWeather(cont’d)Whatisimmersion/trenchfoot?TrenchFootorimmersionfootiscausedbyprolongedexposuretowetandcoldtemperatures.Itcanoccurattemperaturesashighas60°Fifthefeetareconstantlywet.Non-freezinginjuryoccursbecausewetfeetloseheat25-timesfasterthandryfeet.Topreventheatloss,thebodyconstrictsthebloodvesselstoshutdowncirculationinthefeet.Theskintissuebeginstodiebecauseofalackofoxygenandnutrientsandduetothebuildupoftoxicproducts.Whatarethesymptomsoftrenchfoot?• Rednessoftheskin,swelling,numbness,blistersWhatcanbedoneforapersonsufferingfromimmersionfoot?• Call911immediatelyinanemergency;otherwiseseekmedicalassistanceassoonaspossible.
• Removetheshoes,orboots,andwetsocks.• Drythefeet.
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HowtoPreventColdStressHowcancoldstressbeprevented?AlthoughOSHAdoesnothaveaspecificstandardthatcoversworkingincoldenvironments,employershavearesponsibilitytoprovideworkerswithemploymentandaplaceofemploymentwhicharefreefromrecognizedhazards,includingcoldstress,whicharecausingorarelikelytocausedeathorseriousphysicalharmtothem(Section5(a)(1)oftheOccupationalSafetyandHealthActof1970).Employersshould,therefore,trainworkersonthehazardsofthejobandsafetymeasurestouse,suchasengineeringcontrolsandsafeworkpracticesthatwillprotectworkers’safetyandhealth.Employersshouldtrainworkersonhowtopreventandrecognizecoldstressillnessesandinjuriesandhowtoapplyfirstaidtreatment.Workersshouldbetrainedontheappropriateengineeringcontrols,personalprotectiveequipmentandworkpracticestoreducetheriskofcoldstress.Employersshouldprovideengineeringcontrols.Forexample,radiantheatersmaybeusedtowarmworkersinoutdoorsecuritystations.Ifpossible,shieldworkareasfromdraftsorwindtoreducewindchill.Employersshouldusesafeworkpractices.Forexample,itiseasytobecomedehydratedincoldweather.Employerstherefore,canprovideplentyofwarmsweetenedliquidstoworkers.Avoidalcoholicdrinks.Ifpossible,employerscanscheduleheavyworkduringthewarmerpartoftheday.Employerscanassignworkerstotasksinpairs(buddysystem),sothattheycanmonitoreachotherforsignsofcoldstress.Workerscanbeallowedtointerrupttheirwork,iftheyareextremelyuncomfortable.Employersshouldgiveworkersfrequentbreaksinwarmareas.Acclimatizenewworkersandthosereturningaftertimeawayfromwork,bygraduallyincreasingtheirworkload,andallowingmorefrequentbreaks inwarmareas,astheybuildupatoleranceforworkinginthecoldenvironment.Safetymeasures,suchasthese,shouldbeincorporatedintotherelevanthealthandsafetyplanfortheworkplace.
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HowtoPreventColdStress(cont’d)Dressingproperlyisextremelyimportanttopreventingcoldstress.Thetypeoffabricwornalsomakesadifference.Cottonlosesitsinsulationvaluewhenitbecomeswet.Wool,silkandmostsynthetics,ontheotherhand,retaintheirinsulationevenwhenwet.Thefollowingarerecommendationsforworkingincoldenvironments:• Wearatleastthreelayersofloosefittingclothing.Layeringprovidesbetterinsulation.Donotweartightfittingclothing.
o Aninnerlayerofwool,silkorsynthetictokeepmoistureawayfromthebody.
o Amiddlelayerofwoolorsynthetictoprovideinsulationevenwhenwet.
o Anouterwindandrainprotectionlayerthatallowssomeventilationtopreventoverheating.
• Wearahatorhoodtohelpkeepyourwholebodywarmer.Hatsreducetheamountofbodyheatthatescapesfromyourhead.
• Useaknitmasktocoverthefaceandmouth(ifneeded).• Useinsulatedglovestoprotectthehands(waterresistantifnecessary).• Wearinsulatedandwaterproofboots(orotherfootwear).
HowToProtectWorkers• Learnthesignsandsymptomsofcold-inducedillnessesandinjuriesandwhat
todotohelpworkers.• Trainworkersaboutcold-inducedillnessesandinjuries.• Encourageworkerstowearproperclothingforcold,wetandwindyconditions,
includinglayersthatcanbeadjustedtochangingconditions.• Besureworkersinextremeconditionstakeafrequentshortbreakinwarmdry
shelterstoallowtheirbodiestowarmup.• Trytoscheduleworkforthewarmestpartoftheday.• Avoidexhaustionorfatiguebecauseenergyisneededtokeepmuscleswarm.• Useabuddysystem-workinpairssooneworkercanrecognizedangersigns.• Drinkwarm,sweetbeverages(sugarwater,sports-typedrinks)andavoid
drinkswithcaffeine(coffee,tea,sodasorhotchocolate)oralcohol.• Eatwarm,high-caloriefoodssuchashotpastadishes.• Remember,workersfaceincreasedriskswhentheytakecertainmedications,
areinpoorphysicalconditionorsufferfromillnessessuchasdiabetes,hypertensionorcardiovasculardisease.
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HelpfulLinkshttps://www.osha.gov/SLTC/emergencypreparedness/guides/cold.htmlhttps://www.osha.gov/dts/weather/winter_weather/windchill.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEKaCOx7igIhttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-hypothermia#1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZ85WHTIAl4
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