data communication and the cloud chapter 6. 6-2 gearup: “no, i mean 25 cents an hour.”...

Data Communication and

the Cloud

Chapter 6

6-2

GearUp: “No, I Mean 25 Cents an Hour.”

• GearUp’s Web hosting costs rising rapidly

• Lucas suggests provisioning Web servers and databases in the cloud

• Provision server resources by the hour

• Costs: $50/mo plus 25¢ per hour for processing time used

• Could yield huge savings

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Study Questions

Q1: What is a computer network?

Q2: What are the components of a LAN?

Q3: What are the fundamental concepts you should know about the Internet?

Q4: What processing occurs on a typical Web server?

Q5: Why is the cloud the future for most organizations?

Q6: How can organizations use the cloud?

Q7: 2023?

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6-4

Q1: What Is a Computer Network?

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Q2: What Are the Components of a LAN?

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SOHO LAN

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LAN Protocol

•IEEE 802.3

– Wired LAN

– 10/100/1000 Mbps

– Ethernet

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• IEEE 802.11– Wireless LAN– 802.11n– Up to 600 Mbps– Bluetooth

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Summary of LAN and WAN Networks

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6-8

Connecting to an ISP

Important ISP functions:

1.Provide a legitimate Internet address

2.Gateway to the Internet

3.Pay for the Internet by collecting money from customers and paying access fees and other charges to telecom

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6-9

Using MIS InClass 6: A Group Exercise Opening Pandora’s Box

• Sonos: leverages technology to provide entertainment

• High-quality, wireless LAN audio systems

• Uses wired Ethernet to link up to 32 other Sonos devices around home

• Each device can play own music or same audio program

• Includes a small computer running Linux and a proprietary Sonos protocol

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Q3: What Are the Fundamental Concepts You Should Know About the Internet?

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6-11

TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

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6-12

Application Layer Protocols

• Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)

• HTTPS – Secure HTTP data transmission

• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP )

• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

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6-13

TCP and IP Protocols

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)– Breaks traffic up into packets and sends

each one along its way

• IP (Internet Protocol)

• Routers

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6-14

IP Addressing

Public IP Addresses • Identify a particular device on public Internet • Public IP addresses must be unique, worldwide• Assignment controlled by ICANN (Internet

Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)

Private IP Addresses

• Identify a particular device on a private network

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6-15

IP Addressing (cont'd)

Major benefits

• Public IP: All devices on LAN share a public IP address

• Private IP: Need not register computer with ICANN-approved agencies

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6-16

Functions of the LAN Device

• Switch processing: IEEE 802.3 wired LAN traffic

• Access-point processing: IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN traffic

• Translating between IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.11

• Converting between Analog and Digital

• Assigning private IP addresses

• Converting IP address between private and public IP addresses

• Routing packets, and more …

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6-17

Public IP Addresses and Domain Names

• IPv4

– Four decimal dotted notation like 165.193.123.253

• Domain name– Worldwide-unique name affiliated with a public IP

address– Affiliation of domain names with IP addresses is

dynamic

•URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

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6-18

Domain Registrar Company

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6-19

Remote Access Using VPN

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6-20

WAN Using VPN

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6-21

Ethics Guide: Is It Spying or Just Good Management?

• 92% of employers monitor employees’ email, telephone and Internet use. (2003)

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• Techniques used– Key loggers– Log files– Packet sniffers– Video surveillance

cameras– Audio recorders– Office spies– Text mining

• Employees at will

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Q4: What Processing Occurs on a Typical Web Server?

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6-23

Sample of Commerce Server Pages; Product Offer Pages

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6-24

Watch the Three Tiers in Action!

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6-25

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

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6-26

Q5: Why Is the Cloud the Future for Most Organizations?

• What is the Cloud?– Elastic leasing of pooled computer

resources over the Internet• Elastic

– Dynamically increasing/decreasing of leased resources in short time span, and only pay for resources used

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6-27

Apple Data Center in Maiden, NC

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6-28

Why Is the Cloud Preferred to In-House Hosting?

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6-29

Why Is the Cloud Preferred to In-House Hosting? (cont’d)

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6-30

Why Now?

• Technology now supports construction and use of enormous data centers

• Processors, data communication, and data storage are so cheap as to be nearly free.

• Huge Web farms providing a virtual machine for essentially nothing (1.5¢ per hour).

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6-31

When Does the Cloud Not Make Sense?

• Law or industry standard practices require physical control over the data

• Private cloud– In-house hosting, delivered via Web

service standards

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6-32

Q6: How Can Organizations Use the Cloud?

Three Fundamental Cloud Types

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Q7: 2023?

• Cloud computing benefit – Individuals on iCloud– Small groups using Office 365– Startups Using PaaS– Huge organizations using IaaS

• New categories of products and services

• Create new jobs?

• Tele-action– Telediagnosis, telesurgery, telelaw enforcement

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6-34

Ethics Guide: You Said What? About Me??? In Class???

• Packet analyzer. a.k.a. packet sniffer

• Read, record, and display all wireless packets around them

• www.wireshark.com

• Pickup instant messages, most email, and any http:// Web traffic

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6-35

What Can You Do?

• Use https://

• Packet sniffer will know where you went, but won’t obtain data about what you did there.

• Do not use your computer or mobile device for any unauthorized purpose in class.

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6-36

Guide: Thinking Exponentially Is Not Possible, But…

Humans think linearly, not exponentially• No one in 1990s could imagine growth in

magnetic storage and what we would do with it.

Exponential growth in:• Number of Internet connections• Web pages• Amount of data accessible on Internet

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6-37

Linear vs. Exponential Growth

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Guide: Thinking Exponentially Is Not Possible, But…(cont’d)

• What can we do to better anticipate?• People want to do what they’re already

doing.• Hedging your bets

– Position yourself to move quickly as direction becomes clear.

• Risk: Error increases exponentially as time frame increases.

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6-39

Active Review

Q1: What is a computer network?

Q2: What are the components of a LAN?

Q3: What are the fundamental concepts you should know about the Internet?

Q4: What processing occurs on a typical Web server?

Q5: Why is the cloud the future for most organizations?

Q6: How can organizations use the cloud?

Q7: 2023?

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6-40

Case Study 6: Turbulent Air in Those Azure Clouds

• Microsoft must find a profitable way to put a big part of its business out of business

• If Azure successful, Office 365 will replace Windows Server and SQL Server, which is 24% of current revenue

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Azure Standard

Rates

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