d2 presentation

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B9 and D2 Respiration and AntacidsRaj Sikaria and not Casey Ste. Claire

+B.9 Respiration

B.9.1. Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose in terms of oxidation/reduction and energy released.

B.9.2. Outline the role of copper ions in electron transport and iron ions in oxygen transport.

+B.9.1

Shared characteristics of aerobic and anaerobic respiration: Produce ATP (chemical energy) Glycolysis (converting glucose to pyruvate) Oxidation reaction Pyruvate (CH3COCOOH) Exothermic

+Aerobic Respiration

Requires oxygen

C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔG = -2880 kJ per mole of C6H12O6

19 times more efficient than anaerobic respiration (36-38 mol ATP/mol glucose)

glucose + 2ATP + 4ADP + 2Pi +2NAD+ ---> 2pyruvate + 2ADP + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ +2H2O

+Anaerobic Respiration

Does not require oxygen

Only produces 2 mol of ATP for every 1 mol of glucose consumed

Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid (C3H6O3)

C6H12O6 ---> 2C3H6O3

+B.9.2

Electron Transfer Chain (ETC): Couples electron transfer (ET) between donors and acceptors with H+ ion transfer across a membrane. Cytochromes: Made of hemes. Carries out ET Example: Cytochrome c oxidase (copper ions)

Active site that is occupied by copper.

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Electron Transfer Chain (ETC)

+

wat

+B.9.2

Iron acts as a transporter of oxygen through hemoglobin

Fe2+ oxides to Fe3+ when it bonds to O2

Oxygen turns into superoxygen

One molecule of hemoglobin can carry

4 molecules of oxygen (4 heme groups)

+B.9.2

Concentration related to Partial Pressure(oxygen)

Tissues intake excess oxygen

+D.2.1

D.2.1. State and explain how excess acidity in the stomach can be reduced by the use of different bases.

+Gastric Acid

pH between 1.5-3.5. Composed of HCl

Bicarbonate: the body’s antacid

+Our Antacids: Hydroxides

Aluminum Hydroxide- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O

Magnesium Hydroxide- Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + 2H2O

+Our Antacids: Carbonates

Magnesium Carbonate: MgCO3 MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O

Sodium Hydrogencarbonate: NaHCO3 NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O

•General Finding: Basic Neutralization Reactions Occur!

+D.2.1

Antacids can be combined with other compounds Alginates Anti-foaming agents

Alginates prevent heartburn by creating a neutralizing layer that prevents acid reflux

Anti-foaming agents like dimethicone help relieve bloating which is a symptom of acid reflux

-Maalox would be an example