d1.1 atoms are the smallest form of elements.. i.all matter is made of atoms. a. hydrogen is most...

D1.1 Atoms are the smallest form of elements.

I.All matter is made of atoms.a. Hydrogen is most abundant in universeb. Oxygen is most abundant in Earth’s crust

Oxygen

II. Each element is made of a different atom. a. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

1. nucleus: center of the atom; made up of protons and neutrons

2. electron: orbit the nucleus

b.atomic # = protons

c.atomic mass = protons + neutrons

Pages R58-9

Go S.T.E.M.!

Formula:

# of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #

*Always round atomic mass to the whole number

Ex.) How many neutrons in a carbon atom? # of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #

Ex.) How many neutrons in a carbon atom?

# of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #

= 12 - 6 = 6 neutrons

*Always round atomic mass to the whole number

How many neutrons in a nitrogen atom?

How many neutrons in an einsteinium atom?

Calculate the number of neutrons in an iron atom.

Round atomic mass to the whole number.

The number of electrons in an atom is

equal to the number of protons.

# of protons = # of electrons

# p = # e

Calculate the number of neutrons in an oxygen atom.

Sketch in your notebook the structure of this atom.

In your notebook, calculate the number neutrons, for the following elements.

1.Copper (Cu)2.Arsenic (As)3.Selenium (Se)4.Mercury (Hg)5.Plutonium (Pu)

In your notebook, calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and elements, for the following elements.

1.Copper (Cu)2.Arsenic (As)3.Selenium (Se)4.Mercury (Hg)5.Plutonium (Pu)6.Barium (Ba)7.Xenon (Xe)8.Krypton (Kr)9.Potassium (K)10.Americium (Am)

In your notebook, calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and elements, for the following elements.

1.Copper (Cu) p=29, n=64-29=35 , e=292.Arsenic (As) p=33, n=75-33=42 , e=333.Selenium (Se) p=34, n=79-34=45 , e=344.Mercury (Hg) p=80, n=201-80=121 , e=805.Plutonium (Pu) p=94, n=244-94=150 , e=946.Barium (Ba) p=56, n=137-56=81 , e=567.Xenon (Xe) p=54, n=131-54=77 , e=548.Krypton (Kr) p=36, n=84-36=48 , e=369.Potassium (K) p=19, n=39-19=20 , e=1910.Americium (Am) p=95, n=243-95=148 , e=95

DO NOW: In your notebook,

1.Calculate the number of neutrons in the element Tellurium (Te). Put a box around the formula.

2.Calculate the number of particles in each element. Draw the atom. -Magnesium (Mg)

-Aluminum (Al)

QUIZ: On a piece of paper:

1.Calculate the number of neutrons in the element Silver (Ag). Put a box around the formula.

2.Calculate the number of particles in each element. Draw the atom. -Helium (He)

-Beryllium (Be)-Fluorine (F)-Sodium (Na)

QUIZ: On a piece of paper:

1.Calculate the number of particles in each element. Draw the atom.

-Fluorine (F)-Sodium (Na)

How to draw an atom:

1.Make a list of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

2.Draw circles: label the protons with +label the neutrons with N

3.Draw a circle, surrounding the nucleus (p+n).

4.Draw circles: label the electrons with - 5.Check your calculations, count your drawn particles, to make sure you have done this correctly.

Practice Drawing Atoms:

Draw these atoms, in your notebook.1.Lithium2.Boron3.Carbon4.Nitrogen5.Oxygen6.Hydrogen

Drawing Atoms

parts 214:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZO6W-DEVLk

Molecule basics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlSOESXQI7o

quarks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMgi2j9Ks9k

Electron on photon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofp-OHIq6Wo&feature=endscreen&NR=1

DO NOW: In your notebook,

Calculate the number of particles in each element. Draw the atom.

Carbon (C)Helium (He)

Why study atoms?Bonds examples, reactions. https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yjge1WdCFPs

Intro bonds ted vid https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NgD9yHSJ29I

Chem reactions : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fr6QGmefVBI

Song Types bonds https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QIfTT-_-xLo

Why study atoms?Bonds examples, reactions. https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yjge1WdCFPs

Intro bonds ted vid https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NgD9yHSJ29I

Chem reactions : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fr6QGmefVBI

Song Types bonds https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QIfTT-_-xLo

“Happy” atoms rule:

An atom is least reactive when the outer orbital shell is full.

Electron configurations:

In the electron cloud, there are 4 orbitals on which electrons travel.

a. Draw the Periodic Table Box.b. Calculate the number of particles in the atom.c. Draw the atom. Electrons should be in the correct

energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?1. Boron (B)

Practice:

energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?2. Fluorine (F)

Practice:

energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?3. Chlorine (Cl)

Practice:

energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?4. Calcium (Ca)5. Germanium (Ge)

Practice:

energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?1. Titanium (Ti)

Practice:

energy level. Subtract electrons as you sit them.d. Is this atom happy?

1. Lithium (Li)2. Neon (Ne)3. Potassium (K)

Name: Date:

Pop Quiz

atomic compound: 2 or more atoms bonded together

Compounds with the same type of atom (element)

Compounds with different types of atoms (elements)

chemical formula: an expression that shows

1.the # of different types of atoms in a compound2.the ratio of different atoms

chemical formula:

Videos: 1.25: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRR-4BLzNus

Ted atom size vid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I

ratio: the number of one object in relation to the number of another object

Examples: 10 apples per 1 bag

1 calculator per 3 students

2 hydrogen per 1 oxygen

ratio: the number of one object in relation to the number of another object

Examples: 2 hydrogen per 1 oxygen

ratio: the number of one object in relation to to the number of another object

Examples: 2 hydrogen per 1 oxygen

Modeling Atomic Compounds

Procedure: 1. Gather materials.2. Read the board to find out which compound you are to build.

2.Read the board to find out which color = which element.

2.Build a model of the compound, using toothpicks to connect the atoms.

Modeling Atomic Compounds#1

# of carbon atoms = 1 WHITE

# of oxygen atoms = 2 RED

# of hydrogen atoms = 1 BROWN TOOTSIE ROLL

# of oxygen atoms = 1 WHITEMARSHMALLOW

# of sodium atoms = 1 CANDY CORN

TRIANGLE

# of chlorine atoms = 1 BROWNTOOTSIE ROLL

# of hydrogen atoms = 2 CANDY CORN

# of sulfur atoms = 1 WHITE MARSHMALLOW

# of oxygen atoms = 4 RED TWIZZLER

C6H12O6

# of carbon atoms = 6 WHITE

# of hydrogen atoms = 12 RED

# of oxygen atoms = 6 BROWN

Use 2 gummy bears of different colors. This compound is made up of 2 oxygen isotopes.

# of carbon atoms =

Hydrogen atoms are isotopes.

Use gummy bears.

# of carbon atoms = 1

Use gummy bears.

Modeling Atomic CompoundsPHOTOSYNTHESIS!

# of carbon atoms = 1

Use gummy bears.

# of hydrogen atoms =# of oxygen atoms =

# of hydrogen atoms =12 RED# of oxygen atoms = 6BROWN

TOOTSIE ROLLSNo isotopes.

D1.1 (1-5), Restate the Qs

1. The two atoms most common in Earth’s crust are oxygen and silicon.

The two atoms most common in the human body are oxygen and carbon.

2. The particles that make up an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

3. When an atom forms an ion,

it gains or loses an electron.

4. The size of a magnesium ion with a 2+ charge can be compared with that of a sodium ion with a single + charge.

A 2+ charge means the atom has lost 2 electrons.

A single + charge means the atom has lost 1 electron. A 2+ atom (ion) is smaller than a (1)+ atom (ion).

5. Potassium-39 differs from potassium-41 because they have a different number of neutrons.

Potassium-41 has two more neutrons than Potassium-39.

How big is an atom?

Tell us, Bill Nye!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZ6-dpxLqUk

On a separate sheet of paper, write 10 facts and 1 question.

Other videosSci show:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thnDxFdkzZsAurora sci showparticle accelerator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFNhuQPVwXk

bill nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnXV7Ph3WPk&list=PL2mVBA_uqiUcn0P5U_NQHWOuY-JANQM5Qchanel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bw5TE5o7JtE&list=PLPUFU9ubs44g79qQ6bjTPbicCDTfv6IEI

D1.2 Elements make up the periodic table.

Different types of atoms are organized onto a chart.

This chart is called the Periodic Table of Elements.

Science + Music = Awesome

Asap 4.2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I7l8TgtuLQ

Faster3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUDDiWtFtEM&list=RDzUDDiWtFtEM

Elements can be organized by similarities

The periodic table organizes the atoms of the elements by properties and atomic number

row = “period”

similar chemical properties

The periodic table has distinct regions.

Most elements are metals.

Nonmetals and metalloids have a wide range of properties.

Choose 3 colors.Make a key, of what each color stands for. Color the periodic table into 3 sections (as in this image):

D1.3 The periodic table is a map of the elements.

group: vertical column

period: horizontal row

Videos

Sci Show: creation11http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RRVV4Diomg

Periodic table parts: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MMWpeJ5dn4

Video 4.5min Chemical reactions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQap3cRnP28

+reverse: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5tOEBmBAHganother: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-g_0wyhV9Ereactions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkBhW8Kj3r8w/ heat: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ritaljhhk7s Nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smkVzfZmDIU

23: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlwuxpMh8nk

Alka Seltzer Chemical reactionWhy fizz? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKpMTz06qrU

atomic compound: two or more atoms bonded together

3 States of Matter?

States of matter .....change of phase

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAPc6JH85pM 5min

non-Newtonian fluid: a state of matter;substance acts like a liquid when at rest, like a solid when pressure is applied

pool: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2XQ97XHjVwover speaker: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zoTKXXNQIU Slow Mo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1Op_1yG6lQ science party: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-wxnID2q4A

More non-newtonian vids: Mythbusters: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2aB3nCmIII

Oobleck Dubb step: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoB0pM2VASg

Matter can undergo physical and

chemical changes.

physical change:

1. the visible structure of an object is changed, but not the molecular structure.

2. the object stays the same substance, but in a different physical shape.

chemical change:

1. the molecular structure of an object is changed into a new substance.

2. all or some signs are present: -production of an odor -change in temperature -change in color -formation of bubbles -formation of a solid

VID:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqqmFFCwd7k

Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcunQqbNEMQhow plastic made: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eCt0VDg-Kc

how recyled bottles made: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QkxpQT967w chem reactions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkBhW8Kj3r8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjyXIZtlHFo bill Nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlwuxpMh8nk

changes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcunQqbNEMQ Bozeman: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X328AWaJXvI

chem reactions: ChemReactions4min

Beautiful reactions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T14D61PdYko

energy: the ability to cause a change

chemical reaction: results in the rearrangement of atoms, in a substance

Examples of chemical reactions:

Heating your house

In a chemical reaction, energy is either released or absorbed.

Energy is required to break the bonds between atoms.

Photosynthesis

wood burning (fire)

Metabolism (digesting food for energy)

Formation of gases into water

Write 5 sentences:Describe a chemical reaction that you have observed in everyday life.Underline: 3 pieces of quantitative infoUnderline: 5 pieces of qualitative info

How did the chemical reaction start?What did it look like? What was the end result? How did you know it was a chemical reaction?

Ionic bonding: when a metal transfers one or

more electrons to a nonmetal, forming a bond

video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf07-8Jhhpc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf07-8Jhhpc

Balancing equations:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGf60kq_ZDI

Sodium Chloride reaction atoms: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LjxwUNSdFA

Study by watching videos

isotopes: atoms of the same element, with different # of neutrons

Scientists can calculate the age of rocks by studying the rate of decay of isotopes.

These scientists study radioactive decay.

animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9QIgY5_8ok endnuclear reactiosn: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dj4CTJy6U9M

4. Some atoms can change their identity

radioactivity: the process by which the nucleus of an atom releases energy and particles

A scientific model...

Nuclear fission http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKajmVgaOEM http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=vjqIJW_Qr3c

Radioactive decay

1. the process by which the neutrons in an atom change over time;

2. a method used to find out the age of fossils

How vid: http://science.howstuffworks.com/29296-100-greatest-discoveries-radioactivity-video.htm

half-life: the amount of time it takes for one-half of a particular atom to decay (and perhaps eventually turn into another element)

Atoms form ions.

ions: charged atoms; an atom that has lost or gained electrons

Opposite charges attract (pull towards).Same charges repel (push away).

Positive charge attracts negative charge.

Positive charge repels positive charge.Negative charge repels negative charge.

Opposite charges attract (pull towards).Same charges repel (push away).

Atomic bondsMagnets

Chemical bonds are formed due to the movement of electrons.

Electrons are transferred (lost/gained) or shared.

ionic bond: electrons are transferred (lost/gained)

covalent bond: electrons are shared

ionic bond: electrons are transferred (lost/gained)

covalent bond: electrons are shared

Chemical bonds are formed due to the movement of electrons.

Magnetism is due to the movement of electrons.

Electricity is due to the movement of electrons.

Radioactive dating:

the method of studying radioactive decay rates in order to measure the age of rocks

info: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYvUSro7YUM

How to express ratios verbally.

3:1 three to one ...book example: hydrogen to nitrogen H3N

This is NOT the same as 1:3

1:2CO2

in words?

ratio of elements?

1:2CO2

one to two

ratio of elements?

1:2CO2

one to two

carbon to oxygen

ratio?H2O

in words?

ratio of elements?

2:1 H2O

two to one

hydrogen to oxygen

ratio?C6H12O6

in words?

ratio of elements?

6:12:6C6H12O6

six to twelve to six

carbon to hydrogen to oxygen

Unit D Section 2.1

I. Elements combine to form compounds

Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds

a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them.

Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them. i. compound: a substance made of atoms of 2 or more different elements

Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them. i. compound: a substance made of atoms of 2 or more different elementsii. chemical bonds: hold atoms together in large networks or small groups; determine the properties of a compound.

Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them. i. compound: a substance made of atoms of 2 or more different elementsii. chemical bonds: hold atoms together in large networks or small groups; determine the properties of a compound.iii. compound properties: depend upon type of atoms (element) and shape (arrangement of atoms)

Unit D Section 2.1I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them. i. compound: a substance made of atoms of 2 or more different elementsii. chemical bonds: hold atoms together in large networks or small groups; determine the properties of a compound.iii. compound properties: depend upon type of atoms (element) and shape (arrangement of atoms)iv. properties of compound may be different than the substances they make-up

I. Elements combine to form compounds a. Compounds have different properties form the elements that make them.

b. Atoms combine in predictable numbers.

b. Atoms combine in predictable numbers.i. particular compounds contain a particular ratio of atoms; this ratio determines the substance

c. Chemical formulas i. chemical formula: represents the ratio of atoms in a chemical compound using element symbols

ii. steps to writing a chemical formula

1. find the symbols for the element types

2. include a subscript to note how many atoms of each type of element; (the subscript 1 is never used)

d. Same elements, different compounds

i. different compounds can be formed of atoms of the same elements

2.1 Review Questions

1. In many cases, they are different.

2. 12 carbon atoms + 22 oxygen atoms + 11 oxygen atoms = 45 total atoms

3. Atoms can combine in many different ratios.

4. All atoms are in a 1:1 ratio.

5. Compare how they react with another substance

6. The carbon and oxygen atoms are in different ratios in the compounds.

Videos

Molecule basics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlSOESXQI7o

2.5 What the Bleep: Water mediation6min Water Stridertypes of bonds (cov+ionic) another Hydrogen Bonding (Polar)FUnction of neurotransmitters solute into solvent Acid Rain

Bonds happy#: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzWwww

dogs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M9khs87xQ8

quantitative:

(adj) expressed as a quantity;

information as expressed through numbers

qualitative:

(adj) expressed in a description;

information as expressed through words (especially adjectives and adverbs)

What is the charge of an electron?

What is an ion?

What is the charge of an electron?

negative

What is an ion?

an atom with a (positive or negative) charge

What determines an ion’s charge?

If an atom loses an electron, then it becomes less negativeand has a positive charge.

If an atom gains an electron, then it becomes more negativeand has a negative charge.

Visual reminder: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpaHPXVR8WU

MAGNETS!How’s it made, magnets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noGGcyPHtdI

Vinegar battery: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_P27iln1Qk

Solar cell: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Caf1JIz4X2I

Earth’s magnetic field: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izlqoHYZWqg

Ferrofluid: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EuyZ5Lml4k

Magnetic field:

Magnets exhibit (show) positive and negative charges.

This attraction forms a magnetic field.

Gravity pulls electrons from one side of the magnet to the other side.

Vocabulary:

magnetic field: invisible force that travels from positive to negative

north pole: end of magnet that is positively charged

south pole: end of magnet that is negatively charged

Rules for drawing magnetic field lines:

1. Arrows start at the (positively charged) north pole to (negatively charged) the south pole2. Arrows should never cross3. The closer the field lines are to each other, the stronger the magnet

“Electrons travel from

positive to negative.”

Vocabulary

electricity: presence and motion of charged particles

electric current: flow of electrons around a closed path (electric circuit)

circuit: closed path on which electrons travel

Electric charge: there are two types of electric charges - positive and negative

Like charges repel.

Unlike charges attract.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2monVkCkX4

conductor: a material through which electrons

flow easily

insulator: a material that resists the flow of

electrons

Let’s practice making more circuits!

The flow of electrons creates an electrical current.

How many circuit combinations can you make?

Electricity:

Intro w/ vocb:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpc

What are the four qualities of a scientist?

-creative-curious-skeptical-observant

What are the four qualities of a scientist?

-creative-curious-skeptical-observant

These qualities require self-direction, a personal responsibility to learn.

static electricity: electrical force (push/pull of

electrons) caused by a buildup of negative

charges in one place and positive charges in

another

demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxxmeI1gW0k

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhWQ-r1LYXY&list=PL2EDE126FBA8519EFhttp://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balloons

Static Electricity Lab - Observations

1. Interaction between balloon and wallProvide space between numbers for qualitative and quantitative data.

-For each: 3 pieces of qualitative data, 3 pieces of quantitative data

2. Interaction between balloon and hair

3. Interaction between 2 pieces of tape, not touching

4. Interaction between 2 pieces of tape, overlapping

5. Interaction between pen and paper scraps

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