cylindrical apr

CYLINDRICAL APRPETER HEWETT

DOORS OF DUBLIN

DOORS OF ZANZIBAR

British Journal of SurgeryVolume 97, Issue 4, pages 588–599, April 2010

RECTUMS OF EUROPE

Local recurrence has not improved to the same degree as seen with anterior resection after the introduction of TME.

Significant reduction in tissue volume around the tumour in APR specimens compared with Anterior resection specimens

Greater CRM positivity Greater local recurrence Poorer 5 year cancer specific survival

Cylindrical AP Resection

Mobilisation of the mesorectum down to the origins of the levator muscles.

Stoma formation and closure Patient is rotated into the prone

position Extended perineal resection

Extended Perineal resection Excision of the sphincter complex Follows the inferior surface of the

levators to a point laterally where they originate from the pelvic sidewall

The point should be just inferior to the level where the abdominal procedure was terminated

Coccyx can be removed in continuity with the main specimen

Repair of defect with a gluteal flap.

Advantages (literature)

Reduced rate of perforation Reduced rate of CRM 70% more tissue outside the internal

sphincter / muscularis propria at the tumour

14.5mm extra tissue posteriorly and 4mm at anterior and lateral margins at the tumour.

J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jul 20;26(21):3517-22. Epub 2008 Jun 9.

Evidence of the oncologic superiority of cylindrical abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer.

West NP, Finan PJ, Anderin C, Lindholm J, Holm T, Quirke P.

Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Extralevator APR removed more tissue from outside the smooth muscle layer per slice (median area 2120 versus 1259 mm2; P < 0·001) leading to a reduction in CRM involvement (from 49·6 to 20·3 per cent; P < 0·001) and IOP (from 28·2 to 8·2 per cent; P < 0·001) compared with standard surgery. However, extralevator surgery was associated with an increase in perineal wound complications (from 20 to 38·0 per cent; P = 0·019).

Multicentre experience with extralevator abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer†

N. P. West1,*, C. Anderin3, K. J. E. Smith2, T. Holm3, P. Quirke1

British Journal of SurgeryVolume 97, Issue 4, pages 588–599, April 2010

Advantages

Good visualisation anterior structures with plane easily seen and dissected

Easy control of bleeders Decreased perforation rate One surgeon Easy to teach Easy to assist Perineal operator does not get wet Possibly less blood loss

Disadvantages

Learning curve as to how far to dissect into the pelvis

Unaccustomed plane Coccygeal division leaves bare bone in

a potentially contaminated field. No further access to abdomen during

the perineal dissection No difference in postoperative

recovery Perineal wound complications

Tips

If the excised sigmoid colon is very fatty amputate it so that the rectum can be delivered easily.

If there is anterior attachment of the tumour take care in reflecting the rectum.

If possible mobilise an omental pedicle to place in the pelvis.

Remember the drain!

Tips

© The ASCRS 2010. 2

FIGURE 1.Pelvic Floor Reconstruction Using Human Acellular Dermal Matrix After Cylindrical Abdominoperineal Resection.Han, Jia; Wang, Zhen; Gao, Zhi; Xu, Hui; Yang, Zeng; Jin, Mu

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 53(2):219-223, February 2010.DOI: 10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181b715b5

FIGURE 1. Use of human acellular dermal matrix for reconstruction of pelvic floor.