cycling in hilly cities - amirfeiz
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Sharing Cycling Best PracticeSharing Cycling Best Practice
Towards Carfree Cities Conference IX"How do We Get There?"
York, England, 28 June to 1 July 2010
Improving cycling mobility in hilly cities Improving cycling mobility in hilly cities with folding with folding bikesbikes
MassimilianoMassimiliano AmirfeizAmirfeizGreen MobilityGreen Mobility
member of WWF member of WWF Liguria,Liguria,World Car Free NetworkWorld Car Free Network
TopicsTopics
•• My hometown GenovaMy hometown Genova
•• Genova ... a ski resort?Genova ... a ski resort?
•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help
•• The definitive “last mile” solutionThe definitive “last mile” solution
•• Folding vs EFolding vs E--bikesbikes
•• Trials and lesson learnedTrials and lesson learned
•• ConclusionsConclusions
TopicsTopics
•• My hometown GenovaMy hometown Genova
•• Genova ... a ski resort?Genova ... a ski resort?
•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help
•• The definitive “last mile” solutionThe definitive “last mile” solution
•• Folding vs EFolding vs E--bikesbikes
•• Trials and lesson learnedTrials and lesson learned
•• ConclusionsConclusions
Where is Genova?Where is Genova?
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
How does it look Genova?How does it look Genova?
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfexKBJY2rk&playnext_from=TL&videos=4woeSPAJTb4
a narrow strip of land between a narrow strip of land between mountains and seamountains and sea
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
30 km
High density
population area
Genova is hillyGenova is hilly
Sea level
>80m level
Sea to 80m level
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
Courtesy of G. Ceccarelli
Sea level
Genova is the province with the second lowest Genova is the province with the second lowest car ownership in Italy (46 cars/100ab)car ownership in Italy (46 cars/100ab)
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
... and among the highest motorbike ownership levels!
Nevertheless we greatly suffer from Nevertheless we greatly suffer from traffic congestiontraffic congestion
•• Among the highest Among the highest traffic congested traffic congested cities in Italycities in Italy
... and getting worse ... and getting worse
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
... and getting worse ... and getting worse
... and car space ... and car space occupationoccupation
–– 610.897 inhabitants610.897 inhabitants
–– 280.000 cars (46 cars 280.000 cars (46 cars for every 100 people, for every 100 people, including children and including children and including children and including children and elderly)elderly)
–– 190.000 parking places190.000 parking places
•• 90.000 cars in excess!90.000 cars in excess!
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
In Genova cars are used less than In Genova cars are used less than 30 min a day30 min a day
Average number of hours cars are in use in a year in different cities in Italy, measured in 2007 and 2008
Elaboration of Vision&Value from Octo Telematics data
Genova’s inhabitants do not know “intermodality”Genova’s inhabitants do not know “intermodality”
A B“Travel” (from A to B -> 3 trips)
Trip #1 Trip # 2 Trip # 3
•• within Genova province in the peak hours it has within Genova province in the peak hours it has been estimated (&):been estimated (&):–– 799.000 Travels, composed of a total of799.000 Travels, composed of a total of–– 804.000 Trips804.000 Trips
•• This means that more than 99.7% of Travels are This means that more than 99.7% of Travels are monomodal!monomodal!
(&) 6:30am to 9:00am and 5:00pm to 8:00pm; data gathered from Genova Province “OD study 2001”
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
Cycling in Genova?Cycling in Genova?
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OkofqBGObU&playnext_from=TL&videos=vB0mbhURw6E
Cycling in Genova?Cycling in Genova?
• Common opinion:– Genova is too hilly– There is no space to accomodate cycling paths
– Genova has never had a cycling traditioncycling tradition
• Result:– No municipality cycling policy established yet
– Less than 1 km of cycling paths
– a recent (not very popular) bike sharing trial program with electrical bikes
My hometown Genova
My hometown Genova
TopicsTopics
•• My hometown GenovaMy hometown Genova
•• Genova ... a Ski resort?Genova ... a Ski resort?
•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help
•• The definitive “last mile” solutionThe definitive “last mile” solution
•• Folding vs EFolding vs E--bikesbikes
•• Trials and lesson learnedTrials and lesson learned
•• ConclusionsConclusions
... but one moment... but one moment
Genova ... a Ski resort?
Genova ... a Ski resort? funiculars
elevators
The idea ...The idea ...
Genova ... a Ski resort?
Genova ... a Ski resort?
The SkiThe Ski--Lift conceptLift concept
Use vertical public transport (elevators,
funiculars, buses) to go uphill, and descend to
final destination with your bike !
: = :
Vertical TransitSki-Lift Ski Bike
Genova ... a Ski resort?
Genova ... a Ski resort?
Genova Ski resortGenova Ski resort
Genova ... a Ski resort?
Genova ... a Ski resort?
With a single vertical transportation line, With a single vertical transportation line, you can cover a vast areayou can cover a vast area
Path #1
Path #2
Path #3
Genova ... a Ski resort?
Genova ... a Ski resort?
TopicsTopics
•• My hometown GenovaMy hometown Genova
•• Genova ... a Ski resort?Genova ... a Ski resort?
•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help
•• The definitive “last mile” solutionThe definitive “last mile” solution
•• Folding vs EFolding vs E--bikesbikes
•• Trials and lesson learnedTrials and lesson learned
•• ConclusionsConclusions
Why folding bikes?Why folding bikes?
considered as hand luggage
No extra ticketNo special wagons
15 secto fold /
Low space occupation
Many bikes can be accommodated in No special wagons
No hour restrictions
to fold /unfold
accommodated in existing infrastructure
Why folding bike help
Why folding bike help
Can be carried on elevators
Can be stored “under the desk”
Anti-theft
Rideable as a normal bike
3 ÷ 8 gears
More Agile for urban spaces
With folding bikes beyond funiculars and With folding bikes beyond funiculars and elevatorselevators
•• The following may serve the The following may serve the purpose:purpose:
– Bus lines that go uphill
– Taxi service with moderated prices (municipality financial help)help)
– School buses
– ... or even hitch hiking
Why folding bike help
Why folding bike help
video video Little Green BikeLittle Green BikeLittle Green BikeLittle Green Bike
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlBHS9xl6eo
Alternatives to folding bikes (1)Alternatives to folding bikes (1)
• Bike racks could be used for exploiting buses as vertical means of transportation with standard bikesstandard bikes
• but:
– at the moment not allowed in Europe
– only 2 (max 3) bikes per bus
Why folding bike help
Why folding bike help
Alternatives to folding bikes (2)Alternatives to folding bikes (2)
• Special Tram/Funicular wagons
• e.g. Tram in Stuttgart • e.g. Tram in Stuttgart (Germany)
Why folding bike help
Why folding bike help
Alternatives to folding bikes (3)Alternatives to folding bikes (3)
• Purposely designed transportation systems such the Trampe system in Trondheim (Norway)
• but:
– Short distances
– Dedicated to bikes
– Not much elevation
– Not very practical
Why folding bike help
Why folding bike help
TopicsTopics
•• My hometown GenovaMy hometown Genova
•• Genova ... a Ski resort?Genova ... a Ski resort?
•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help
•• The definitive “last mile” solutionThe definitive “last mile” solution
•• Folding vs EFolding vs E--bikesbikes
•• Trials and lesson learnedTrials and lesson learned
•• ConclusionsConclusions
30 km
Genova’s metro train last mile solutionGenova’s metro train last mile solution
• 30 km railway along the sea, with 12 railway stations
• approx. one station every 2 miles
-> most of the trips could be done bike+train, with bike segments <1 mile
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
A B
30 km
High density
population area
1 mile
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
Genova’s metro train last mile solutionGenova’s metro train last mile solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
A
B
A B
Genova’s metro train last mile solutionGenova’s metro train last mile solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
A
B
A B
Genova’s metro train last mile solutionGenova’s metro train last mile solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
A B
A
B
Genova’s metro train last mile solutionGenova’s metro train last mile solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
The definitive “last mile” solution
A B
A
B
TopicsTopics
•• My hometown GenovaMy hometown Genova
•• Genova ... a Ski resort?Genova ... a Ski resort?
•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help
•• The definitive “last mile” solutionThe definitive “last mile” solution
•• Folding vs EFolding vs E--bikesbikes
•• Trials and lesson learnedTrials and lesson learned
•• ConclusionsConclusions
Hilly citiesHilly citiesFolding Folding vsvs Electric BikesElectric Bikes
• Electric engine assistance – transforms steep hills in flat rides
– allow to cover relatively longer distances without sweating
• but consider that …• but consider that …– Battery charge dries up quite quickly on hills: 30km range of datasheet is on flat and could become 10km or less on hills
– forget inter-modality: OK only if you can reach from home a destination by bike (~5 km commuting distance)
– You need a supervised parking place at home and at destination to avoid thefts
Folding vs E
Folding vs E--bikes
bikes
Hilly citiesHilly citiesFolding Folding && Electric BikesElectric Bikes
• Min of 6 kg extra weight(could be from 11 to 17 kg)
• Typically less compact than a standard folder
• In some models electrical engine adds resistance when
• In some models electrical engine adds resistance when switched-off
-> At the moment not recommended, but with tecnical advancements may be in future an option to consider
Folding vs E
Folding vs E--bikes
bikes
TopicsTopics
•• My hometown GenovaMy hometown Genova
•• Genova ... a Ski resort?Genova ... a Ski resort?
•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help•• Why folding bikes helpWhy folding bikes help
•• The definitive “last mile” solutionThe definitive “last mile” solution
•• Folding vs EFolding vs E--bikesbikes
•• Trials and lesson learnedTrials and lesson learned
•• ConclusionsConclusions
Field trials & resultsField trials & results2004 First experiments
2006 Involvement of local cycling association &
field public trials
2007 “GenoVa in Bici” publication sponsored by Genoa Municipality
results presentation to 1st Italian Conference on cycling mobility
2008 experiences in other cities (Naples, Trieste)
2009 presentation in VeloCity conference in Bruxelles2009 presentation in VeloCity conference in Bruxelles
Trials and lesson learned
Trials and lesson learned
The “Genova a ruota libera” trial The “Genova a ruota libera” trial (2007)(2007)
• Objective: verify if benefits of bike+public transport integration and electical bikes could change perception of Genoese on bikes as an urban transportation system
• For three days, three volunteers - habitual users of cars and motorcycles - left their car/motorbike at home and spent a typical working day riding a folding/electrical/city bike, while a tutor provided assistance
Trials and lesson learned
Trials and lesson learned
The “Genova a ruota libera” trial The “Genova a ruota libera” trial resultsresults
• Before the test– All had environmental and quality of life concerns, and thought that cycling in general is “a good thing”, but ...
– didn’t believe cycling could be an option for Genova and for them
– Have never tried an e-bike nor a folding bike, and didn’t know about bike+public transport optionsabout bike+public transport options
• After the test– all three declared themselves surprised about the possibilities of e-bikes and bike-on-board options
– They declared that having the assistance of a Tutor has been of fundamental importance
– The trial changed their mind: all declared to be evaluating the use of bike for commuting and free time
• One year after– Two out of three have switched to bike for commuting and leisure
-> Lesson learned: Show them and then let them try it
Trials and lesson learned
Trials and lesson learned
The role of infomobilityThe role of infomobility• Plan intermodal trip
– Get informed on which Local Transit to take advantage of– Find the “bike-wise” best path
• Minimize waiting time
– Arrive at the Local Transit station at the right time
– Get informed about delays
Trials and lesson learned
Trials and lesson learned
ConclusionsConclusions
• Few funiculars/elevators could transform your hilly city in a bike-able city
• folding bikes allow to accomodate many people with no/minimal impact on existing infrastructure
Conclusions
no/minimal impact on existing infrastructure
• they also enable use of buses, taxi, school buses, etc. as an alternative to funiculars/elevators
• Consider also the integration with trains, metro, etc. to extend the typical bike range
• Advancement in folding bikes and infomobility makes the system quite easy and time-efficient
Picture from “GenoVa In Bici” publication
ContactsContacts
Massimiliano Amirfeiz
Green Mobility
member of WWF Liguria, World member of WWF Liguria, World Car Free Network
Genova (Italy)
email: bicintermodale@gmail.com
Skipe: ziefrima
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