cyberbullying in spain
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Rosario OrtegaJuan Calmaestra
Joaquin Mora-Merchán
With the col. of Paz Elipe
Rosario Del Rey
Cyberbullying in Spain Cyberbullying in Spain Findings of the DAPHNE II Programme Project
METHOD: SampleMETHOD: Sample
1671 students (7 Secondary and High Schools)
Age (M): 14.4594.1% Owns a Mobile Phone82.7% Has access to a Computer
51,30%
48,70%
Boys Girls
32,10%35,90%
32%13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.
VICTIMS & AGGRESSORSVICTIMS & AGGRESSORS
Cyberbullying
Mobile phone
Internet TOTAL
Occasional Aggressor 4.2 % 3.6 % 6.7 %
Occasional Victim 3.7 % 6.2 % 8.3 %
Severe Aggressor 0.9 % 1.0 % 1.5 %
Severe Victim 0.5 % 1.3 % 1.7 %
TOTAL 9.3 % 12.1 % 18.2 %
VICTIMS
VICTIMS
1 or 2
2 or 3 times
a moth
1 a week
Several
times a
week
TOTAL
Victims of Direct
Bullying7,5 % 1,3% 1,1% 0,8% 10.7%
Victims of Indirects Bullying
12,4% 1,7% 0,8% 1% 15.9%
Cybervictims Mobile phone
3,7% 0,3% 0,1% 0,1% 4.2%
Cybervictims Internet
6,2% 0,5% 0,2% 0,6% 7.5%
Occa.
7.5%
6.2% 1.3%
12.4%
0.5%
3.5%
Severe
3.2%
3.7%
Age Direct Bullying
Age Direct Bullying
12,24%
6,07%
8,83%
4,03%
0,93% 1,32% 0,84%
4,85%3,57%
12,50%
10,07%
1,34%
0,00%
2,00%
4,00%
6,00%
8,00%
10,00%
12,00%
14,00%
13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.
Occasional Aggressor Occasional Victim
Severe Aggressor Severe Victim
Age Indirect Bullying
Age Indirect Bullying
1,31% 1,50% 1,34%
4,14%
14,23%
13,40%
14,42% 13,97%
12,45%10,55%
3,96%2,36%
0,00%
2,00%
4,00%
6,00%
8,00%
10,00%
12,00%
14,00%
16,00%
13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.
Occasional Aggressor Occasional Victim
Severe Aggressor Severe Victim
AgeVía mobile phone
AgeVía mobile phone
1,89%
5,15%
1,32%1,01%0,76% 0,51%
4,20%
3,95%
4,31%
4,06%
0,37%0,38%
0,00%
1,00%
2,00%
3,00%
4,00%
5,00%
6,00%
13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.
Occasional Aggressor Occasional Victim
Severe Aggressor Severe Victim
*
*
Agevia the Internet
Agevia the Internet
3,21%
5,88%
4,54%
1,51%
6,38%
7,79%
1,18%1,13%0,57% 1,01%
1,52%1,32%
0,00%1,00%2,00%3,00%4,00%5,00%6,00%7,00%8,00%9,00%
13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.
Occasional Aggressor Occasional Victim
Severe Aggressor Severe Victim
Overlapping in victimization experiencesOverlapping in victimization experiences
74,49%15,21%
5,09%5,21%
No victim
Victim of traditionalbullying
Victim ofcyberbullying
Victim of both
Emotional profiles(only victims)
Emotional profiles(only victims)
DIRECT BULLYING
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Percentagege
Not bothered
Angry
Afraid and worried
Depressed, alone anddefencelessFew emotions
Emotional Profiles of Indirect and Cybervictims
Emotional Profiles of Indirect and Cybervictims
Indirect Bullying
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Percentageee
Internet
05
1015202530354045
Percentagege
Affected
Not bothered
05
101520253035
Percentagege
Affected
Not bothered
Mobile phone
Conclusion and DiscussionConclusion and DiscussionThe emotional profiles of cybervictimitation are
similar to the indirect bullying. The cyberbullying could be characterized as an
indirect form of bullying (Slonje & Smith, 2008).
How can we interpreted the differences found between emotional profiles in direct bullying and in the other types of bullying?
Heterogeneity of behaviours included in direct bullying The face-to-face characteristic could make the emotional information in the interactions episodes more “readable”.
SUMMARY SUMMARY
Prevalence of cyberbullying in Spanish young people is still lower than the traditional bullying (nearly half of the traditional cybervictims).
Instant Messaging (Internet) and nasty call (mobile phone) are the most common form of cyber-harassment.
Gender -as traditional bullying- is important, but age does not follow the traditional trends (to peak on 15 year old using mobil phone and maintenance by using the Internet).
Lasting of cybervictimization is shorter than in traditional one. A high numbers of cyberaggressors remain on anonimity
(specially using the Internet) An small group of students overlap, suffering all kind,
traditional and cyber, victimisation.
Cyberbullying in adolescence: investigation and intervention in six European Countries
Cyberbullying in adolescence: investigation and intervention in six European Countries
III
With collaboration:Joaquín Mora-MerchánPaz Elipe
Contributions to Daphne IIIContributions to Daphne III
Aims:
Investigation
Intervention
Dissemination
InvestigationInvestigation
The Spanish team has already collected 1669 Daphne questionnaires from 7 secondary and high schools. Are more necessaries?
1º ESO 3º ESO 1º
BACH
Total
Boy
n 300 267 290 857
% 55,8% 50,1% 48,5% 51,3%
Girl
n 238 266 308 812
% 44,2% 49,9% 51,5% 48,7%
Total
n 538 533 598 1669
% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%
InvestigationInvestigation
Having in mind the intervention we would like to administrate to the students:
Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) on Internet. Adaptation of the Davis (1980, 1983): IRI, validated to study empathy and pro-social behaviour linked
CAPIC: Questionnaire about self-steem, prosocial behaviour, internet compulsive use and cyberbullying.
Discussing group about positive uses of ICT and about how can be used to cope with cyberbullying.
InterventionIntervention
Based on the pro-social use of Internet.
Aims:
to develop adolescent pro-social behaviour
to reduce adolescent anti-social behaviour
to reduce adolescent implication in cyberbullying
InterventionIntervention
Beginning of October: pre-test in three secondary
schools
From October until May: develop of the intervention
Students
Teachers
Parents
End of May: Pos-test
MaterialMaterial
New materials Protocol of cyberbullying designed with a multidisciplinary groups
of professionals (EMICI): lawyer, journalist, computer Technician,
DisseminationDissemination
Edition of material for students, teachers and
parents
Participation in International Congress:
Final seminar
Articles
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