curriculum vitae dr. richard a. firtel distinguished...
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Dr. Richard A. Firtel Distinguished Professor, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology
Member, Center for Molecular Genetics University of California, San Diego
9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California 92093-0380
U.S.A. PLACE OF BIRTH: Newark, New Jersey EDUCATION: Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire A.B., Biology-Chemistry, 1966 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California Ph.D., Cell and Developmental Biology, 1971 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Fellow with Harvey Lodish (1971-1973) HONORS: Dartmouth College, A.B. Rufus Choate Scholar Phi Beta Kappa Magna Cum Laude with Highest Distinction Woodrow Wilson Fellow National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellow National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Training Grant Helen Hay Whitney Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship American Cancer Society Faculty Research Award (1977-1982) International Union Against Cancer Fellowship (1980) Japanese Society for the Promotion of Sciences Fellowship (1982) Visiting Professor, Max-Planck Institute, Munich (1983) John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship (May, 1995-April, 1996) ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE: Chair, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, UCSD, 1999-2006 Director, Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, 1995-2004. Distinguished Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of
California, San Diego, July 1, 2000-present. Professor of Biology, Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, July, 1983-June 30, 2000. Associate Professor of Biology, Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, July, 1978-
1983.
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Assistant Professor of Biology, Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, 1973-1978. Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Fellow in Dr. Harvey Lodish's laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 1971-1973. Graduate Student, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1966-1971. OTHER: Member, American Cancer Society (California Branch) Fellowship Study Section, 1979-1982, 1990-1994. Member, NIH Molecular Biology Study Section, 1982-1989. Member, NIH NIGMS Genetic Basis of Disease Review Study Section, 1990-1994.
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PUBLICATIONS
Richard A. Firtel 1. Firtel, R.A. and G.B. Saul II (1967). Characteristics of phenol oxidases in Mormoniella vitripennis
(Walker). J. Insect. Physiol. 13:1197-1206. 2. Firtel, R.A. and A. Monroy (1970). Polysomes and RNA synthesis during early development of the surf
clam Spisula solidissima. Devel. Biol. 21:87-104. 3. Firtel, R.A. and J. Bonner (1972). Characterization of the genome of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium
discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 66:339-361. 4. Firtel, R.A. (1972). Changes in the expression of single-copy DNA during development of the cellular
slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 66:363-377. 5. Firtel, R.A. and J. Bonner (1972). Developmental control of α-1,4 glucan phosphorylase in the cellular
slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Devel. Biol. 29:85-103. 6. Firtel, R.A. and R.W. Brackenbury (1972). Partial characterization of several protein and amino acid
metabolizing enzymes in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Devel. Biol. 27:307-321. 7. Firtel, R.A., A. Jacobson and H.F. Lodish (1972). Isolation and hybridization kinetics of messenger RNA
from Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature New Biol. 239:225-228. 8. Firtel, R.A. and H.F. Lodish (1973). A small nuclear precursor of messenger RNA in the cellular slime
mold Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 79:295-314. 9. Firtel, R.A., L. Baxter and H.F. Lodish (1973). Actinomycin D and the regulation of enzyme biosynthesis
during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 79:315-327. 10. Jacobson, A., R.A. Firtel and H.F. Lodish (1974). Transcription of poly-deoxythymidylate sequences in
the genome of the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 71:1607-1611. 11. Lodish, H.F., R.A. Firtel and A. Jacobson (1974). Transcription and structure of the genome of the cellular
slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 38:899-914. 12. Allende, C.C., J.E. Allende and R.A. Firtel (1974). The degradation of ribonucleic acids injected into
Xenopus laevis oocytes. Cell 12:189-196. 13. Firtel, R.A., A. Jacobson, J. Tuchman and H.F. Lodish (1974). Gene activity during development of the
cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. XIII Intl. Cong. Genetics 78:355-372. 14. Firtel, R.A. and T. Pederson (1975). Ribonucleoprotein particles containing heterogeneous nuclear RNA
in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 72:301-305.
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15. Lodish, H.F., A. Jacobson, R. Firtel, T. Alton and J. Tuchman (1974). Synthesis of messenger RNA and
chromosome structure in the cellular slime mold. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 71:5103-5108. 16. Jacobson, A., R.A. Firtel and H.F. Lodish (1974). Synthesis of messenger and ribosomal RNA precursors
in isolated nuclei of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 82:213-230. 17. Verma, I.M., R.A. Firtel, H.F. Lodish and D. Baltimore (1974). Synthesis of DNA complementary to
cellular slime mold messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase. Biochemistry 13:3917-3922. 18. Jacobson, A., R.A. Firtel, and H. Lodish (1974). The synthesis of messenger RNA in the cellular slime
mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 26:307-319. 19. Firtel, R.A. and K. Kindle (1975). Structural organization of the genome of the cellular slime mold
Dictyostelium discoideum: Interspersion of repetitive and single-copy DNA sequences. Cell 5:401-411. 20. Siu, C.H., R.A. Lerner, R.A. Firtel and W.F. Loomis (1975). Changes in plasma membrane proteins
during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Molecular and Cell Biology, Vol. 2 (eds. D. MacMahon and C.F. Fox), Menlo Park: W.A. Benjamin, Inc., pp. 129-134.
21. Siu, C.H., R.A. Lerner, G. Ma, R.A. Firtel and W.F. Loomis (1976). Developmentally regulated proteins
of the plasma membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum. The carbohydrate-binding protein. J. Mol. Biol. 100:157-178.
22. Firtel, R.A., K. Kindle and M.P. Huxley (1976). Structural organization and processing of the genetic
transcript in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Fed. Proc. 35:13-22. 23. Firtel, R.A., A. Cockburn, G. Frankel and V. Hershfield (1976). Structural organization of the genome of
Dictyostelium discoideum: Analysis by EcoR1 restriction endonuclease. J. Mol. Biol. 102:831-852. 24. Cockburn, A., G. Frankel, R.A. Firtel, K. Kindle and M.J. Newkirk (1976). Organization of the ribosomal
genes of Dictyostelium. In: Molecular Mechanisms in the Control of Gene Expression, ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. 5 (eds. D.P. Nierlich, W.J. Rutter and C.F. Fox), NY: Academic Press, pp. 599-603.
25. Cockburn, A.F., M.J. Newkirk and R.A. Firtel (1976). Organization of the ribosomal RNA genes of
Dictyostelium discoideum: Mapping of the nontranscribed spacer regions. Cell 9:605-613. 26. Frankel, G., A.F. Cockburn, K.L. Kindle and R.A. Firtel (1977). Organization of the ribosomal RNA
genes of Dictyostelium discoideum. Mapping of the transcribed region. J. Mol. Biol. 109:539-558. 27. Firtel, R.A. and A. Jacobson (1977). Structural organization and transcription of the genome of
Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Biochemistry of Cell Differentiation II, Vol. 15 (ed. J. Paul), Baltimore: University Park Press, pp. 377-429.
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28. Kindle, K. and R.A. Firtel (1977). Analysis of gene sequences in Dictyostelium. In: ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. 6, NY: Academic Press, p. 85.
29. Taylor, W.C., A.F. Cockburn, G.A. Frankel, M.J. Newkirk and R.A. Firtel (1977). Organization of
ribosomal and 5S RNA coding regions in Dictyostelium discoideum. In: ICN-UCLA Symposium on Molecular and Cell Biology, Vol. 7 (eds. Wilcox, Abelson and Fox), NY: Academic Press, pp. 309-313.
30. Kindle, K., W. Taylor, M. McKeown and R.A. Firtel (1977). Analysis of gene structure and transcription
in Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Development and Differentiation in the Cellular Slime Moulds, Developments in Cell Biology, Vol. 1 (eds. Cappuccinelli and Ashworth), Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, pp. 273-290.
31. Cockburn, A.F., W. Taylor and R.A. Firtel (1978). Dictyostelium rDNA consists of non-chromosomal
palindromic dimers containing 5S and 36S coding regions. Chromosoma (Berl.) 70:19-29. 32. Ma, G. and R.A. Firtel (1978). Regulation of the synthesis of two carbohydrate binding proteins in
Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Biol. Chem. 253:3924-2932. 33. Kindle, K.L. and R.A. Firtel (1978). Identification and analysis of Dictyostelium actin genes, a family of
moderately repeated genes. Cell 15:763-778. 34. Bender, W., N. Davidson, K.L. Kindle, W. Taylor, M. Silverman and R.A. Firtel (1978). The structure of
M6, a recombinant plasmid containing Dictyostelium DNA homologous to actin messenger RNA. Cell 15:779-788.
35. McKeown, M., W. Taylor, K. Kindle, R.A. Firtel, W. Bender and N. Davidson (1978). Multiple,
heterogeneous actin genes in Dictyostelium. Cell 15:789-800. 36. Kimmel, A.R. and R.A. Firtel (1979). A family of short, interspersed repeat sequences at the 5' end of a
set of Dictyostelium single copy mRNAs. Cell 16:787-796. 37. Kimmel, A.R., C. Lai and R.A. Firtel (1979). Families of interspersed repeat sequences at the 5' end of
Dictyostelium single copy repeat genes. In: Eukaryotic Gene Regulation. ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. 14 (eds. R. Axel, T. Maniatis, and C.F. Fox), NY: Academic Press, pp. 195-203.
38. Kindle, K.L. and R.A. Firtel (1979). Evidence that populations of Dictyostelium single-copy mRNA
transcripts carry common repeat sequences. Nucl. Acids Res. 6:2403-2422. 39. Firtel, R.A., R. Timm, A.R. Kimmel and M. McKeown (1979). Unusual nucleotide sequences at the 5' end
of actin genes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 76:6206-6210. 40. MacLeod, C., R.A. Firtel and J. Papkoff (1980). Regulation of actin gene expression during spore
germination in Dictyostelium discoideum. Devel. Biol. 76:263-274.
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41. Rowekamp, W. and R.A. Firtel (1980). Isolation of developmentally regulated genes from Dictyostelium. Devel. Biol. 79:409-418.
42. Rowekamp, W., S. Poole and R.A. Firtel (1980). Analysis of the multigene family coding the
developmentally regulated carbohydrate-binding protein Discoidin-I in D. discoideum. Cell 20:495-505. 43. Kimmel, A.R. and R.A. Firtel (1980). Intervening sequences in a Dictyostelium gene that encodes a low
abundance class mRNA. Nucl. Acids Res. 8:5599-5610. 44. McKeown, M. and R.A. Firtel (1981). Differential expression and 5'-end mapping of actin genes in
Dictyostelium. Cell 24:799-807. 45. McKeown, M. and R.A. Firtel (1981). Evidence for sub-families of actin genes in Dictyostelium as
determined by comparisons of the 3'-end sequences. J. Mol. Biol. 151:593-606. 46. Firtel, R.A., M. McKeown, S. Poole, A.R. Kimmel, J. Brandis and W. Rowekamp (1981).
Developmentally regulated multi-gene families in Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Genetic Engineering, Vol 3. (eds. J. Setlow and A. Hollaender), NY: Plenum, pp. 765-318.
47. McKeown, M., A.R. Kimmel and R.A. Firtel (1981). Organization and expression of the actin multigene
family in Dictyostelium. In: Developmental Biology Using Purified Genes, ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. 23 (eds. D. Brown and C.F. Fox), NY: Academic Press, pp. 107-116.
48. Poole, S., R.A. Firtel, E. Lamar and W. Rowekamp (1981). Sequence and expression of the discoidin I
gene family in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 153:273-289. 49. Poole, S., R.A. Firtel and W. Rowekamp (1982). Expression of the discoidin I genes in Dictyostelium. In:
Cellular Recognition, ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. 3, NY: Academic Press, pp. 795-803.
50. McKeown, M. and R.A. Firtel (1982). Actin multigene family of Dictyostelium. Cold Spring Harbor
Symp. Quant. Biol. 46:495-505. 51. Firtel, R.A. (1981). Multigene families encoding actin and tubulin (mini-review). Cell 24:6-7. 52. McKeown, M., K.-P. Hirth, C. Edwards and R.A. Firtel (1982). Examination of the regulation of the actin
multigene family in Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Embryonic Development, Part A: Genetic Aspects, Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Vol. 85a (ed. Max M. Berger), NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 51-78.
53. McKeown, M., C. MacLeod and R. Firtel (1982). Actin genes in Dictyostelium. In: Muscle Development:
Molecular and Cellular Control (eds. M.L. Pearson and H.F. Epstein), Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp. 61-76.
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54. Kimmel, A.R. and R.A. Firtel (1982). The organization and expression of the Dictyostelium genome. In: The Development of Dictyostelium discoideum. (ed. W.F. Loomis, Jr.), NY: Academic Press, pp. 233-324.
55. Hirth, K.-P., C.A. Edwards and R.A. Firtel (1982). A DNA-mediated transformation system for
Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 79:7356-7360. 56. Mehdy, M.C., D. Ratner and R.A. Firtel (1983). Induction and modulation of cell-type-specific gene
expression in Dictyostelium. Cell 32:761-771. 57. Kimmel, A.R. and R.A. Firtel (1983). Sequence organization in Dictyostelium: Unique structure at the 5'-
ends of protein coding genes. Nucl. Acids Res. 11:541-552. 58. Mehdy, M.C., D. Ratner and R.A. Firtel (1983). cAMP and cell contact regulation of cell-type-specific
gene expression in Dictyostelium. In: Gene Expression, ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, New Series, Vol. 8 (eds. D.H. Hammer and M.J. Rosenberg), NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 249-260.
59. Rosen, E., A. Sivertsen and R.A. Firtel (1983). An unusual transposon encoding heat shock inducible and
developmentally regulated transcripts in Dictyostelium. Cell 35:243-251. 60. Poole, S.J. and R.A. Firtel (1984). Conserved structural features are found upstream from the three
coordinately regulated discoidin I genes of Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 172:203-220. 61. Poole, S.J., and R.A. Firtel (1984). Genomic instability and mobile genetic elements in regions
surrounding two discoidin I genes of Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:671-680. 62. Edwards, C.A. and R.A. Firtel (1984). Chromatin structure in Dictyostelium discoideum ribosomal DNA.
In: Molecular Biology of Development: CETUS-UCLA Symposia (eds. E.H. Davidson and R.A. Firtel), NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. pp. 361-371.
63. Mehdy, M.C., C.L. Saxe III and R.A. Firtel (1984). The regulation of cell-type-specific genes in
Dictyostelium. In: Molecular Biology of Development: CETUS-UCLA Symposia (eds. E.H. Davidson and R.A. Firtel), NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 293-308.
64. Nellen, W., C. Silan and R.A. Firtel (1984). DNA-mediated transformation in Dictyostelium. In:
Molecular Biology of Development: CETUS-UCLA Symposia (eds. E.H. Davidson and R.A. Firtel), NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 633-645.
65. Nellen, W., C. Silan and R.A. Firtel (1984). DNA-mediated transformation in Dictyostelium discoideum:
Regulated expression of an actin gene fusion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:2890-2898. 66. Reymond, C.D., R.H. Gomer, M.C. Mehdy and R.A. Firtel (1984). Developmental regulation of a
Dictyostelium gene encoding a protein homologous to mammalian ras protein. Cell 39:141-148. 67. Edwards, C.A. and R.A. Firtel (1984). Site-specific phasing in the chromatin of the rDNA in
Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 180:73-90.
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68. Rosen, E., A. Sivertsen, R.A. Firtel, S. Wheeler and W.F. Loomis (1984). Heat shock genes of
Dictyostelium. In: Changes in Eukaryotic Gene Expression in Response to Environmental Stress (eds. B.G. Atkinson and D.B. Walden), NY: Academic Press, pp. 257-278.
69. Mehdy, M.C. and R.A. Firtel (1985). A secreted factor and cAMP jointly regulate cell-type-specific gene
expression in Dictyostelium. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 705-713. 70. Romans, P. and R.A. Firtel (1985). Organization of the Dictyostelium discoideum actin multigene family:
Flanking sequences show subfamily homologies and unusual dyad symmetries. J. Mol. Biol. 183:311-326.
71. Kimmel, A.R. and R.A. Firtel (1985). Sequence organization and developmental expression of an
interspersed, repetitive element and associated single-copy DNA sequences in Dictyostelium. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2123-2130.
72. Romans, P. and R.A. Firtel (1985). Organization of the actin multigene family of Dictyostelium
discoideum and analysis of variability in the protein coding regions. J. Mol. Biol. 186:321-335. 73. Romans, P., R.A. Firtel and C.L. Saxe III (1985). Gene-specific expression of the actin multigene family
of Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 186:337-355. 74. Gomer, R.H., S. Datta and R.A. Firtel (1985). Sequencing homopolymer regions. Focus 7:6-7. 75. Gomer, R., S. Datta, M. Mehdy, T. Crowley, A. Sivertsen, W. Nellen, C. Reymond, S. Mann and R.A.
Firtel (1985). Regulation of cell-type-specific gene expression in Dictyostelium. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 50:801-812.
76. Nellen, W. and R.A. Firtel (1985). High-copy-number transformants and co-transformation in
Dictyostelium. Gene 39:155-163. 77. Firtel, R.A., C. Silan, T. Ward, P. Howard, B.A. Metz, W. Nellen and A. Jacobson (1985).
Extrachromosomal replication of shuttle vectors in Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:3241-3250.
78. Reymond, C., W. Nellen and R.A. Firtel (1985). Regulated expression of ras constructs in Dictyostelium
transformants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7005-7009. 79. Crowley, T., W. Nellen, R. Gomer and R.A. Firtel (1985). Phenocopy of discoidin I-minus mutants by
anti-sense transformation in Dictyostelium. Cell 43:633-641. 80. Datta, S., R. Gomer and R.A. Firtel (1986). Spatial and temporal regulation of a foreign gene by a
prestalk-specific promoter in transformed Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:811-820.
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81. Welker, D.L., P. Hirth, P. Romans, A. Noegel, R.A. Firtel and K.L. Williams (1986). The use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and DNA duplications to study the organization of the actin multigene family in Dictyostelium discoideum. Genetics 112:27-42.
82. Saxe, C.L. III and R.A. Firtel (1986). Analysis of gene expression in rapidly developing mutants of
Dictyostelium discoideum. Devel. Biol. 115:407-411. 83. Reymond, C.D., R.H. Gomer, W. Nellen, A. Theibert, P. Devreotes and R.A. Firtel (1986). Phenotypic
changes induced by a mutated ras gene during the development of Dictyostelium transformants. Nature 323:340-343.
84. Saxe, C.L. III and R.A. Firtel (1986). Regulation of late gene expression in a temperature-sensitive
cohesion-defective mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum. Devel. Genet. 7:99-108. 85. Gomer, R.H., S.D. Datta and R.A. Firtel (1986). Cellular and subcellular distribution of a cAMP-regulated
prestalk protein and prespore protein in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Cell. Biol. 103:1999-2015. 86. Gomer, R.H., D. Armstrong, B.H. Leichtling and R.A. Firtel (1986). cAMP induction of prespore and
prestalk gene expression in Dictyostelium is mediated by the cell-surface cAMP receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8624-8628.
87. Nellen, W., C. Silan, U. Saur and R.A. Firtel (1986). Regulatory sequences in the promoter of the
Dictyostelium Actin 6 gene. EMBO J. 5:3367-3372. 88. Reymond, C.D., W. Nellen, R.H. Gomer and R.A. Firtel (1986). Regulation of the Dictyostelium ras gene
during development and in transformants. In: Progress in Developmental Biology, Part A, NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 17-21.
89. Datta, S. and R.A. Firtel (1987). Identification of the sequences controlling cyclic AMP regulation and
cell-type specific expression of a prestalk-specific gene in Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:149-159.
90. Mann, S. and R.A. Firtel (1987). Cyclic AMP regulation of early gene expression in Dictyostelium
discoideum: Mediation via the cell surface cyclic AMP receptor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:458-469. 91. Mann, S.K.O., S. Datta, P. Howard, A. Hjorth, C. Reymond, C.M. Silan and R.A. Firtel (1987). Cyclic
AMP regulation of gene expression during Dictyostelium development. In: Molecular Approaches to Developmental Biology, UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, New Series, Vol. 51 (eds. R.A. Firtel and E.H. Davidson), NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 303-328.
92. Gomer, R.H. and R.A. Firtel (1987). Tissue morphogenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Molecular
Approaches to Developmental Biology (eds. R.A. Firtel and E.H. Davidson), NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 373-383.
93. Datta, S., S.K.O. Mann, A. Hjorth, R. Gomer, P. Howard, D. Armstrong, C. Reymond, C. Silan and R.A.
Firtel (1987). cAMP-regulated gene expression during Dictyostelium development is mediated by the cell-
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surface cAMP receptor. In: Genetic Regulation of Development, 45th Symposium for the Society of Developmental Biology (ed. W.F. Loomis), NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 33-61.
94. Nellen, W., S. Datta, C. Reymond, A. Sivertsen, S. Mann, T. Crowley and R.A. Firtel (1987). Molecular
biology in Dictyostelium: Tools and applications. In: Methods in Cell Biology, Vol. 28 (ed. J.A. Spudich), NY: Academic Press, Inc., pp. 67-100. 95. Finney, R., M. Ellis, C. Langtimm, E. Rosen, R. Firtel and D.R. Soll. (1987). Gene regulation during
dedifferentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Devel. Biol. 120:561-576. 96. Gomer, R.H. (1987). A strategy to study development and pattern formation: Use of antibodies against
products of cloned genes. In: Dictyostelium discoideum: Molecular Approaches to Cell Biology, Vol. 28 (ed. J.A. Spudich), NY: Academic Press, pp. 471-487.
97. Van Haastert, P.J.M., F. Kesbeke, C.D. Reymond, R.A. Firtel, E. Luderus and R. Van Driel (1987).
Aberrant transmembrane signal transduction in Dictyostelium cells expressing a mutated ras gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:4905-4909.
98. Gomer, R.H. and R.A. Firtel (1987). Cell-autonomous determination of cell-type choice in Dictyostelium
development by cell-cycle phase. Science 237:758-762 99. Datta, S. and R.A. Firtel (1988). An 80 base pair cis-acting regulatory region controls cAMP and
developmental regulation of a prestalk gene in Dictyostelium. Genes Devel. 2:294-304. 100. Howard, P.K., K.G. Ahern and R.A. Firtel (1988). Establishment of a transient expression system for
Dictyostelium discoideum. Nucl. Acids Res. 16:2613-2623. 101. Europe-Finner, G.N., M.E.E. Luderus, N.V. Small, R. Van Driel, C.D. Reymond, R.A. Firtel and P.C.
Newell (1988). Mutant ras gene induces elevated levels of inositol tris- and hexakis-phosphates in Dictyostelium. J. Cell Sci. 89:13-20.
102. Ahern, K.G., P.K. Howard and R.A. Firtel (1988). Identification of regions essential for
extrachromosomal replication and maintenance of an endogenous plasmid in Dictyostelium. Nucl. Acids Res. 16:6825-6837.
103. Mann, S.K.O., C. Pinko and R.A. Firtel (1988). Regulation of Dictyostelium early gene expression in
cAMP bypass mutants. Devel. Biol. 130:406-410. 104. Mann, S.K.O., C. Pinko and R.A. Firtel (1988). cAMP regulation of early gene expression in signal
transduction mutants of Dictyostelium. Devel. Biol. 130:294-303. 105. Mann, S.K.O., C. Pinko and R.A. Firtel (1988). Control of early gene expression in Dictyostelium.
Devel. Genet. 9:337-350. 106. Hjorth, A., S. Datta, N.C. Khanna and R.A. Firtel (1988). Analysis of cis and trans elements involved in
cAMP inducible gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum. Devel. Genet. 9:435-454.
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107. Rubino, S., S.K.O. Mann, R.T. Hori and R.A. Firtel (1989). Molecular analysis of a developmentally
regulated gene required for Dictyostelium aggregation. Devel. Biol. 131:27-36. 108. Kumagai, A., S.K.O. Mann, M. Pupillo, G. Pitt, P.N. Devreotes and R.A. Firtel (1989). A molecular
analysis of G proteins and control of early gene expression by the cell surface cAMP receptor in Dictyostelium. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 53:675-685.
109. Mann, S. and R.A. Firtel (1989). A two-phase regulatory pathway controls cAMP-receptor mediated
expression of early genes in Dictyostelium. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 86:1924-1928. 110. Kumagai, A., M. Pupillo, R. Gunderson, R. Miake-Lye, P.N. Devreotes and R.A. Firtel (1989).
Regulation and function of Gα protein subunits in Dictyostelium. Cell 57:265-275. 111. Firtel, R.A. (1989). Mobile elements in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Mobile
DNA (eds. M. Howe and D. Berg), Washington, DC: ASM Press, pp. 557-566. 112. Van Lookeren Campagne, M.M., R.J. Aerts, W. Spek, R. Firtel and P. Schaap (1989). Cyclic-AMP-
induced elevation of intracellular pH precedes, but does not mediate, the induction of prespore differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Development 105:401-406.
113. Hjorth, A.L., N.C. Khanna and R.A. Firtel (1989). A trans-acting factor required for cAMP-induced gene
expression in Dictyostelium is regulated developmentally and induced by cAMP. Genes Devel. 3:747-759. 114. Pupillo, M., A. Kumagai, G. Pitt, R.A. Firtel and P.N. Devreotes (1989). Multiple α subunits of
guanidine nucleotide-binding proteins in Dictyostelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:4892-4896. 115. Firtel, R.A., P.J.M. Van Haastert, A.R. Kimmel and P.N. Devreotes (1989). G protein linked signal
transduction pathways in development: Dictyostelium as an experimental system. Cell 58:235-239. 116. Dynes, J.L. and R.A. Firtel (1989). Molecular complementation of a genetic marker in Dictyostelium
using a genomic DNA library. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:7966-7970. 117. Armstrong, D.J. and R.A. Firtel (1989). Cytokinin oxidase activity in the cellular slime mold,
Dictyostelium discoideum. Devel. Biol. 136:491-499. 118. Firtel, R.A. and A.L. Chapman (1990). A role for cAMP-dependent protein kinase in early Dictyostelium
development. Genes Devel. 4:18-28. 119. Hjorth, A.L., C. Pears, J.G. Williams and R.A. Firtel (1990). A developmentally regulated trans-acting
factor(s) recognizes dissimilar G/C-rich elements controlling a class of cAMP-inducible Dictyostelium genes. Genes Devel. 4:419-432.
120. Haberstroh, L. and R.A. Firtel (1990). A spatial gradient of expression of a cAMP-regulated prespore
cell-type-specific gene in Dictyostelium. Genes Devel. 4:596-612.
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121. Kumagai, A., J. Hadwiger, M. Pupillo, and R.A. Firtel (1991). Molecular genetic analysis of two Gα protein subunits in Dictyostelium. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1220-1228.
122. Esch, R.K. and R.A. Firtel (1991). Cyclic AMP and cell sorting control the spatial expression of a
developmentally essential cell-type-specific ras gene in Dictyostelium. Genes Devel. 5:9-21. 123. Firtel, R.A. (1991). Putting the G in development. Curr. Biol. 1:91-93. 124. Gomer, R.H., I.S. Yuen and R.A. Firtel (1991). A secreted 80x103 Mr protein mediates sensing of cell
density and the onset of development in Dictyostelium. Development 112:269-278. 125. Hadwiger, J.A., T.M. Wilkie, M. Strathmann and R.A. Firtel (1991). Identification of Dictyostelium Gα
genes expressed during multicellular development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:8213-8217. 126. Mann, S.K.O. and R.A. Firtel (1991). Regulation of gene expression and cell-type differentiation via
signal transduction processes in Dictyostelium. Cell Activation: Genetic Approaches, Vol. 2. In: Advanced Regulation of Cell Growth (eds. J. Mond, A. Weiss and J. Camber), NY: Raven Press, pp. 9-40.
127. Mann, S.K.O. and R.A. Firtel (1991). A developmentally regulated, putative serine/threonine protein
kinase is essential for development in Dictyostelium. Mech. Devel. 35:89-101. 128. Firtel, R.A. (1991). Signal transduction pathways controlling multicellular development in Dictyostelium.
TIG 7:381-388. 129. Kimmel, A.R. and R.A. Firtel (1991). cAMP signal transduction pathways regulating development of
Dictyostelium discoideum. Curr. Opin. Genet. Devel. 1:383-390. 130. Haberstroh, L., J. Galindo and R.A. Firtel (1991). Developmental and spatial regulation of a
Dictyostelium prespore gene: cis-acting elements and a cAMP-induced, developmentally-regulated DNA binding activity. Development 113:947-958.
131. Hadwiger, J.A. and R.A. Firtel (1992). Analysis of Gα4, a G protein subunit required for multicellular
development in Dictyostelium. Genes Devel. 6:38-49. 132. Esch, R.K., P.K. Howard and R.A. Firtel (1992). Regulation of the Dictyostelium cAMP-induced,
prestalk-specific DdrasD gene: identification of cis-acting elements. Nucl. Acids Res. 20:1325-1332. 133. Cubitt, A.B. and R.A. Firtel (1992). Characterization of phospholipase activity in Dictyostelium
discoideum. Identification of a Ca2+-dependent phosphoinositidase-specific phospholipase C. Biochem. J. 283:371-378.
134. Powell, J.A., J. Galindo and R.A. Firtel (1992). A negative transcriptional control region of a
developmentally-regulated gene co-localizes with the origin of replication of an endogenous plasmid in Dictyostelium. Nucl. Acids Res. 20:2795-2802.
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135. Ceccarelli, A., H.J. Mahbubani, R. Insall, G. Schnitzler, R.A. Firtel and J.G. Williams (1992). A G-rich sequence element common to Dictyostelium genes which differ radically in their patterns of expression. Devel. Biol. 152:188-193.
136. Okaichi, K., A.B. Cubitt, G. Pitt and R.A. Firtel (1992). Amino acid substitutions in the Dictyostelium
Gα subunit Gα2 produce dominant negative phenotypes and inhibit the activation of adenylyl cyclase, guanylyl cyclase, and phospholipase C. Mol. Biol. Cell 3:735-747.
137. Howard, P., B. Sefton and R.A. Firtel (1992). Analysis of a spatially regulated phosphotyrosine
phosphatase identifies tyrosine phosphorylation as a key regulatory pathway in Dictyostelium. Cell 71:637-647.
138. Mann, S.K.O., W.M. Yonemoto, S.S. Taylor and R.A. Firtel (1992). DdPK3, which plays essential roles during Dictyostelium development, encodes the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent
protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10701-10705. 139. Howard, P.K., B.M. Sefton and R.A. Firtel (1993). Tyrosine phosphorylation of actin in Dictyostelium
associated with cell shape changes. Science 259:241-244. 140. Powell, J.A., G.R. Schnitzler, J. Hadwiger, P. Howard, R.K. Esch, A.B. Cubitt, K. Okaichi, C. Gaskins,
S.K.O. Mann and R.A. Firtel (1993). Spatial and temporal regulation of Dictyostelium development through signal transduction pathways. In: Evolutionary Conservation of Developmental Mechanisms, Wiley-Liss, Inc., pp. 159-184.
141. Powell-Coffman, J.A. and R.A. Firtel (1993). Cellular dedifferentiation and spore germination in
Dictyostelium may utilize similar regulatory pathways. BioEssays 15:131-133. 142. Kikkawa, U., S.K.O. Mann, R.A. Firtel and T. Hunter (1993). Molecular cloning of casein kinase II α
subunit from Dictyostelium discoideum and its expression in the life cycle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:5711-5723.
143. Schaap, P., M. Van Ments-Cohen, R.D.M. Soede, R. Brandt, R.A. Firtel, W. Dostmann, H.-G. Genieser,
B. Jastorff and P.J.M. Van Haastert (1993). Cell-permeable non-hydrolyzable cAMP derivatives as tools for analysis of signaling pathways controlling gene regulation in Dictyostelium. J. Biol. Chem. 268:6323-6331.
144. Cubitt, A.B., F. Carrel, S. Dharmawardhane, C. Gaskins, J. Hadwiger, P. Howard, S.K.O. Mann, K.
Okaichi, K. Zhou and R.A. Firtel (1993). Molecular genetic analysis of signal transduction pathways controlling multicellular development in Dictyostelium. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. LVII:177-192.
145. Cubitt, A.B., S. Dharmawardhane and R.A. Firtel (1993). Developmentally regulated changes in 1,2-
diacylglycerol in Dictyostelium: Regulation by light and G proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 268:17431-17439. 146. Schatzle, J., J. Bush, S. Dharmawardhane, R.A. Firtel, R.H. Gomer and J. Cardelli (1993).
Characterization of the signal transduction pathways and cis-acting DNA sequence responsible for the
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transcriptional induction during growth and development of the lysosomal α-mannosidase gene in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Biol. Chem. 268:19632-19639.
147. Stober-Grasser, U., B. Brydolf, X. Bin, F. Grasser, R.A. Firtel and J.S. Lipsick (1993). The myb DNA-
binding domain is highly conserved in Dictyostelium discoideum. Oncogene 7:589-596. 148. Esch, R.K., G. Weeks and R.A. Firtel (1993). Regulation and function of two developmentally regulated
ras genes in Dictyostelium. In: The ras Superfamily of GTPases (eds. J.C. Lacal and F. McCormick), FL: CRC Press, pp. 173-186.
149. Mann, S.K.O. and R.A. Firtel (1993). cAMP-dependent protein kinase differentially regulates prestalk
and prespore differentiation during Dictyostelium development. Development 119:135-146. 150. Carrel, F., S. Dharmawardhane, A.M. Clark, J.A. Powell-Coffman and R.A. Firtel (1994). Spatial and
temporal expression of the Dictyostelium discoideum Gα protein subunit Gα2: Expression of a dominant negative protein inhibits proper prestalk to stalk differentiation. Mol. Biol. Cell 5:7-16.
151. Schnitzler, G.R., W.H. Fischer and R.A. Firtel (1994). Cloning and characterization of the G-box binding
factor, an essential component of the developmental switch between early and late development in Dictyostelium. Genes Devel. 8:502-514.
152. Wu, L., C. Gaskins, R. Gundersen, J.A. Hadwiger, R.L. Johnson, G.S. Pitt, R.A. Firtel and P.N.
Devreotes (1994). Signal transduction by G-proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 108/II GTPases in Biology II (eds. B. Dickey and L. Birnbaumer), Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag Publication, pp. 335-349.
153. Dynes, J.L., A.M. Clark, G. Shaulsky, A. Kuspa, W.F. Loomis and R.A. Firtel (1994). LagC is required
for cell-cell interactions that are essential for cell-type differentiation in Dictyostelium. Genes Devel. 8:948-958.
154. Wu, L., C. Gaskins, K. Zhou, R.A. Firtel and P.N. Devreotes (1994). Cloning and targeted mutations of
Gα7 and Gα8, two developmentally regulated G protein α-subunit genes in Dictyostelium. Mol. Biol. Cell 5:691-702.
155. Powell-Coffman J.A. and R.A. Firtel (1994). Characterization of a novel Dictyostelium discoideum
prespore-specific gene, PspB, reveals conserved regulatory sequences. Development 120:1601-1611. 156. Powell-Coffman, J.A., G.R. Schnitzler and R.A. Firtel (1994). A GBF-binding site and a novel AT
element define the minimal sequences sufficient to direct prespore-specific expression in Dictyostelium. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:5840-5849.
157. Howard, P.K., M. Gamper, T. Hunter and R.A. Firtel (1994). Regulation by protein-tyrosine phosphatase
PTP2 is distinct from that by PTP1 during Dictyostelium growth and development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:5154-5164.
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158. Gaskins, C., M. Maeda and R.A. Firtel (1994). Identification and functional analysis of a developmentally regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase gene in Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6996-7012.
159. Hadwiger, J.A., S. Lee and R.A. Firtel (1994). The Gα subunit Gα4 couples to pterin receptors and
identifies a signaling pathway that is essential for multicellular development in Dictyostelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:10566-10570.
160. Mann, S.K., D.L. Richardson, S. Lee, A.R. Kimmel and R.A. Firtel (1994). Expression of cAMP-
dependent protein kinase in prespore cells is sufficient to induce spore cell differentiation in Dictyostelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:10561-10565.
161. Mann, S.K.O., P.N. Devreotes, S. Eliott, K. Jermyn, A. Kuspa, M. Fechheimer, R. Furukawa, C.A.
Parent, J. Segall, G. Shaulsky, P.H. Vardy, J. Williams, K. Williams and R.A. Firtel (1994). Cell biological, molecular genetic, and biochemical methods to examine Dictyostelium. In: Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook (ed. J. Celis), Academic Press, pp. 412-451.
162. Hori, R. and R.A. Firtel (1994). Identification and characterization of multiple A/T-rich cis-acting
elements that control expression from the Dictyostelium actin promoters: The Dictyostelium actin upstream activating sequence confers growth-phase expression and has enhancer-like properties. Nucl. Acids Res. 22:5099-5111.
163. Dharmawardhane, S., A.B. Cubitt and R.A. Firtel (1994). Regulatory role of Gα1 subunit in controlling
cellular morphogenesis in Dictyostelium. Development 120:3549-3561. 164. Segall, J.E., A. Kuspa, G. Shaulsky, M. Ecke, M. Maeda, C. Gaskins, R.A. Firtel and W.F. Loomis
(1995). A MAP kinase necessary for receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase in Dictyostelium. J. Cell Biol. 128:405-413.
165. Cao, J.-G. and R.A. Firtel (1995). Growth and developmental functions of a human immunodeficiency
virus Tat-binding protein/26S protease subunit homolog from Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1725-1736.
166. Briscoe, C. and R.A. Firtel (1995). A kinase for cell-fate determination? GSK-3, a ubiquitous kinase
regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation, controls cell-fate decisions in both Drosophila and Dictyostelium; genetic analysis of its interactions with other signaling pathways is now possible. Curr. Biol. 5:228-231.
167. Gamper, M., P.K. Howard, T. Hunter and R.A. Firtel (1995). Protein tyrosine phosphatases in
Dictyostelium discoideum. Adv. Prot. Phosphatases 9:25-49. 168. Schnitzler, G.R., C. Briscoe, J.M. Brown and R.A. Firtel (1995). Serpentine cAMP receptors may act
though a G protein-independent pathway to induce postaggregative development in Dictyostelium. Cell 81:737-745.
169. Firtel, R.A. (1995). Integration of signaling information in controlling cell-fate decisions in
Dictyostelium. Genes Devel. 9:1427-1444.
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170. Cubitt, A.B., R.A. Firtel, G. Fischer, L.F. Jaffe and A.L. Miller (1995). Patterns of free calcium in
multicellular stages of Dictyostelium expressing jellyfish apoaequorin. Development 121:2291-2301. 171. Gaskins, C., A.M. Clark, L. Aubry, J.E. Segall and R.A. Firtel (1996). The Dictyostelium MAP kinase
ERK2 regulates multiple, independent developmental pathways. Genes Devel. 10:118-128. 172. Maeda, M., L. Aubry, R. Insall, C. Gaskins, P. Devreotes and R. Firtel (1996). Seven helix
chemoattractant receptors transiently stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase in Dictyostelium. J. Biol. Chem. (Communication) 271:3351-3354.
173. Gamper, M., P.K. Howard and R.A. Firtel (1996). Multiple roles of the novel protein tyrosine
phosphatase PTP3 during Dictyostelium growth and development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:2431-2444. 174. Zhou, K., K. Takegawa, S.D. Emr and R.A. Firtel (1996). A phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinase gene family
in Dictyostelium discoideum: Biological roles of putative mammalian p110 and yeast Vps34p PI 3-kinase homologs during growth and development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:5645-5656.
175. Hadwiger, J.A., K. Natarajan and R.A. Firtel (1996). Mutations in the Dictyostelium heterotrimeric G
protein α subunit Gα5 alter the kinetics of tip morphogenesis. Development 122:1215-1224. 176. Firtel, R.A. (1996). Interacting signaling pathways controlling multicellular development in
Dictyostelium. Curr. Opin. Genet. Devel. 6:545-554. 177. Aubry, L., M. Maeda, R. Insall, P.N. Devreotes and R.A. Firtel (1997). The Dictyostelium mitogen-
activated protein kinase ERK2 is regulated by Ras and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and mediates PKA function. J. Biol. Chem. (Communication) 272:3883-3886.
178. Mann, S.K.O., P.N. Devreotes, S. Eliott, K. Jermyn, A. Kuspa, M. Fechheimer, R. Furukawa, C.A.
Parent, J. Segall, G. Shaulsky, P.H. Vardy, J. Williams, K.L. Williams and R.A. Firtel (1997). Cell biological, molecular genetic, and biochemical methods used to examine Dictyostelium. In: Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook, Second Edition, Volume 1 (ed. J. Celis), Academic Press, pp. 431-465.
179. Mann, S.K.O., J.M. Brown, C. Briscoe, C. Parent, G. Pitt, P.N. Devreotes and R.A. Firtel (1997). Role
of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in controlling aggregation and post-aggregative development in Dictyostelium. Devel. Biol. 183:208-221.
180. Lee, S., R. Escalante and R.A. Firtel (1997). A Ras GAP is essential for cytokinesis and spatial
patterning in Dictyostelium. Development 124:983-996. 181. Ma, H., M. Gamper, C. Parent and R.A. Firtel (1997). The Dictyostelium MAP kinase kinase DdMEK1
regulates chemotaxis and is essential for chemoattractant-mediated activation of guanylyl cyclase. EMBO J. 16:4317-4332.
182. Buczynski, G, B. Grove, A. Nomura, M. Kleve, J. Bush, R.A. Firtel and J. Cardelli (1997). Inactivation
of two Dictyostelium discoideum genes, DdPIK1 and DdPIK2, encoding proteins related to mammalian
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phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, results in defects in endocytosis, lysosome to postlysosome transport, and actin cytoskeleton organization. J. Cell Biol. 136:1271-1286.
183. Maeda, M. and R.A. Firtel (1997). Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2 by the
chemoattractant folic acid in Dictyostelium. J. Biol. Chem. 272:23690-23695. 184. Clark, A., A. Nomura, S. Mohanty and R.A. Firtel (1997). A ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme is essential
for developmental transitions in Dictyostelium. Mol. Biol. Cell, 8:1989-2002. 185. Brown, J.M., C. Briscoe and R.A. Firtel (1997). Control of transcriptional regulation by signal
transduction pathways in Dictyostelium during multicellular development. In: Dictyostelium--A Model System for Cell and Developmental Biology (eds. Y. Maeda, K. Inouye and I. Takeuchi), Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, pp. 245-265.
186. Rietdorf, J., F. Siegert, S. Dharmawardhane, R.A. Firtel and C.J. Weijer (1997). Analysis of cell
movement and signalling during ring formation in an activated Gα1 mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum that is defective in prestalk zone formation. Devel. Biol. 181:79-90.
187. Han, Z. and R.A. Firtel (1998). The homeobox-containing gene Wariai regulates anterior-posterior
patterning and cell-type homeostasis in Dictyostelium. Development 125:313-325. 188. Cubitt, A.B., I. Reddy, S. Lee, J.G. McNally and R.A. Firtel (1998). Coexpression of a constitutively
active plasma membrane calcium pump with GFP identifies roles for intracellular calcium in controlling cell sorting during morphogenesis in Dictyostelium. Devel. Biol. 196:77-94.
189. Aubry, L and R.A. Firtel (1998). Spalten, a protein containing Gα-protein-like and PP2C domains, is
essential for cell-type differentiation in Dictyostelium. Genes Devel. 12:1525-1538. 190. Yasukawa, H., S. Mohanty and R.A. Firtel (1998). Identification and analysis of a gene that is essential
for morphogenesis and prespore cell differentiation in Dictyostelium. Development, 125:2565-2576. 191. Sukumaran, S., J.M. Brown, R.A. Firtel and J.G. McNally (1998). lagC-null and gbf-null cells define
key steps in the morphogenesis of Dictyostelium mounds. Devel. Biol. 200:16-26. 192. Araki, T., M. Gamper, A. Early, M. Fukuzawa, T. Abe, E. Kim, R.A. Firtel and J.G. Williams (1998).
Developmentally and spatially regulated activation of a Dictyostelium STAT protein by a serpentine receptor. EMBO J. 17:4018-4028.
193. Brown, J.M. and R.A. Firtel (1998). Phosphorelay signaling: New tricks for an ancient pathway. Curr.
Biol. 8: R662-R665. 194. Chung, C., T.B.K. Reddy, K. Zhou and R.A. Firtel (1998). A novel, putative MEK kinase controls
developmental timing and spatial patterning in Dictyostelium and is regulated by ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Genes Devel. 12:3564-3578.
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195. Gamper, M., E. Kim, P.K. Howard, H. Ma, T. Hunter and R. A. Firtel (1999). Regulation of Dictyostelium protein-tyrosine phosphatase-3 (PTP3) through osmotic shock and stress stimulation and identification of pp130 as a PTP3 substrate. J. Biol. Chem. 274:12129-12138.
196. Meili, R., C. Ellsworth, S. Lee, T.B.K. Reddy, H. Ma and R.A. Firtel (1999). Chemoattractant-
mediated transient activation and membrane localization of Akt/PKB is required for efficient chemotaxis to cAMP in Dictyostelium. EMBO J. 18:2092-2105.
197. Mohanty, S., K.A. Jermyn, A. Early, T. Kawata, L. Aubry, A. Ceccarelli, P. Schaap, J.G. Williams and
R.A. Firtel (1999). Evidence that the Dictyostelium Dd-STATa protein is a repressor that regulates commitment to stalk cell differentiation and is also required for chemotaxis. Development 126:3391-3405.
198. Lee, S., C.A. Parent, R. Insall and R.A. Firtel (1999). A novel Ras interacting protein required for
chemotaxis and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signal relay in Dictyostelium. Mol. Biol. Cell 10:2829-2845.
199. Chung, C.Y. and R.A. Firtel (1999). PAKa, a putative PAK family member, is required for
cytokinesis and the regulation of the cytoskeleton in Dictyostelium discoideum cells during chemotaxis. J. Cell Biol. 147:559-575.
200. Aubry, L and R. Firtel (1999). Integration of signaling networks that regulate Dictyostelium
differentiation. Ann. Rev. Cell Devel. Biol. 15:469-517. 201. Chung, C.Y. and R.A. Firtel (2000). Dictyostelium: A model experimental system for elucidating the
pathways and mechanisms controlling chemotaxis. In: Principles of Molecular Regulation (eds. P.M. Conn and A. Means), Totowa, NJ: The Humana Press, pp. 99-114.
202. Brown, J.M. and R.A. Firtel (2000). Regulation of cell-fate determination in Dictyostelium. Devel.
Biol. 216:426-441. 203. Mohanty, S. and R.A. Firtel (2000). Control of spatial patterning and cell-type proportioning in
Dictyostelium. In: Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (ed. J. Williams), Academic Press, Vol. 10, pp. 597-607.
204. Chien, S., C. Chung, S. Sukumaran, N. Osborne, S. Lee, C. Ellsworth, J.G. McNally and R.A. Firtel
(2000). The Dictyostelium LIM domain-containing protein LIM2 is essential for proper chemotaxis and morphogenesis. Mol. Biol. Cell. 11:1275-1291.
205. Chung, C., S. Lee, C. Briscoe, C. Ellsworth and R.A. Firtel (2000). Role of Rac in controlling the actin
cytoskeleton and chemotaxis in motile cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97:5225-5230. 206. Brown, J.M. and R.A. Firtel (2000). Just the right size: Cell counting in Dictyostelium. Trends Genet.
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207. Firtel, R.A. and C.Y. Chung (2000). The molecular genetics of chemotaxis: Sensing and responding to chemoattractant gradients. BioEssays 22:603-615.
208. Firtel, R.A. and R. Meili (2000). Dictyostelium: A model for regulated cell movement during
morphogenesis. Curr. Opin. Genet. Devel. 10:421-427. 209. Firtel, R.A. and D. Ish-Horowicz (2000). Differentiation and gene regulation: A rich developmental
stew. Curr. Opin. Genet. Devel. 10:469-470. 210. Nelson, M.K., A. Clark, T. Abe, A. Nomura, N. Yadava, C.J. Funair, K.A. Jermyn, S. Mohanty, R.A.
Firtel and J.G. Williams (2000). An F-box/WD40 repeat-containing protein important for Dictyostelium cell-type proportioning, slug behavior and culmination. Devel. Biol. 224:42-59.
211. Meili, R., C. Ellsworth and R.A. Firtel (2000). A novel Akt/PKB-related kinase is essential for
morphogenesis in Dictyostelium. Curr. Biol. 10:708-717. 212. Williams, J.G. and R.A. Firtel (2000). HAPPY days for the Dictyostelium genome project. Genome
Res. 10:1658-1659. 213. Wang, J., L. Hou, D. Awrey, W.F. Loomis, R.A. Firtel and C. Siu (2000). The membrane glycoprotein
gp150 is encoded by the lagC gene and mediates cell-cell adhesion by heterophilic binding during Dictyostelium development. Devel. Biol. 227:734-745.
214. Early, A., M. Gamper, J. Moniakis, E. Kim, T. Hunter, J.G. Williams and R.A. Firtel (2001). Protein
tyrosine phosphatase PTP1 negatively regulates Dictyostelium STATa and is required for proper cell-type proportioning. Devel. Biol. 232:233-245.
215. Moniakis, J., S. Funamoto, M. Fukuzawa, J. Meisenhelder, T. Araki, T. Abe, R. Meili, T. Hunter, J.
Williams and R.A. Firtel (2001). An SH2-domain-containing kinase negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway. Genes Devel. 15:687-698.
216. Briscoe, C., J. Moniakis, J.Y. Kim, J.M. Brown, D. Hereld, P.N. Devreotes and R.A. Firtel (2001). The
phosphorylated C-terminus of cAR1 plays a role in cell-type-specific gene expression and STATa tyrosine phosphorylation. Devel. Biol. 223:225-236.
217. Chung, C.Y., G. Potikyan and R.A. Firtel (2001). Control of cell polarity and chemotaxis by Akt/PKB
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218. Brown, J.M. and R.A. Firtel (2001). Functional and regulatory analysis of the Dictyostelium G-box binding factor. Devel. Biol. 234:521-534.
219. Funamoto, S., K. Milan, R. Meili and R.A. Firtel (2001). Role of phosphatidylinositol 3’ kinase and a
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220. Mohanty, S., S. Lee, N. Yadava, M.J. Dealy, R.S. Johnson and R.A. Firtel (2001). Regulated protein degradation controls PKA function and cell-type differentiation in Dictyostelium. Genes Devel. 15:1435-1448.
221. Chung, C.Y., S. Funamoto and R.A. Firtel (2001). Signaling pathways controlling cell polarity and
chemotaxis. Trends Biochem. Sci. 26:557-566. 222. Sobko, A., H. Ma, and R A. Firtel (2002). Regulated SUMOylation and ubiquitination of DdMEK1 is
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225. Meili, R and R.A. Firtel (2002). Leading the way. Nature Cell Biol. 4:E171. 226. Sun, B. and R.A. Firtel (2003). A regulator of G protein signaling-containing kinase is important for
chemotaxis and multicellular development in Dictyostelium. Mol. Biol. Cell 14:1727-1743. 227. Meili, R. and R.A. Firtel (2003). Follow the leader. Devel. Cell 4:291-293. 228. Chung, C.Y. and R.A Firtel (2003). Signaling pathways at the leading edge of chemotaxing cells. J.
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mediated regulation of PI3Ks confines PI(3,4,5)P3 to the leading edge of chemotaxing cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 14:1913-1922.
231. Merlot, S. and R.A. Firtel (2003). Leading the way: Directional sensing through phosphatidylinositol 3-
kinase and other signaling pathways. J. Cell Sci. 116:3471-3478. 232. Firtel, R.A. and R. Meili (2003). The role of PI3 kinase in directional sensing during chemotaxis in
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233. Sun, B., H. Ma and R.A. Firtel (2003). Dictyostelium stress-activated protein kinase α, a novel stress-
activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase-like kinase, is important for the proper regulation of the cytoskeleton. Mol. Biol. Cell 14:4526-4540.
234. Merlot, S., R. Meili, D. Pagliarini, T. Maehama, J.E. Dixon and R.A. Firtel (2003). A PTEN-related 5’-
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235. Aubry, L., S. Lee, K. Ravanel and R.A. Firtel (2003). The novel ankyrin-repeat containing kinase
ARCK-1 acts as a suppressor of the Spalten signaling pathway during Dictyostelium development. Devel. Biol. 263:308-322.
236. Ridley, A.J., M.A. Schwartz, K. Burridge, R.A. Firtel, M.H. Ginsberg, G. Borisy, J.T. Parsons and
A.R. Horwitz (2003). Cell migration: Integrating signals from front to back. Science 302:1704-1709. 237. Chisholm, R.L. and R.A. Firtel (2004). Insights into morphogenesis from a simple developmental
system. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5:531-541. 238. Sasaki, A.T., C. Chun, K. Takeda and R.A. Firtel (2004). Localized Ras signaling at the leading edge
regulates PI3K, cell polarity, and directional cell movement. J. Cell Biol. 167:505-518. 239. Park, K.C., F. Rivero, R. Meili, S. Lee, F. Apone and R.A. Firtel (2004). Rac regulation of
chemotaxis and morphogenesis in Dictyostelium. EMBO J. 23:4177-4189. 240. Lee, S., F. Rivero, K.C. Park, E. Huang, S. Funamoto and R.A. Firtel (2004). Dictyostelium PAKc is
required for proper chemotaxis. Mol. Biol. Cell 15:5456-5469. 241. Funamoto, S. and R.A. Firtel (2004). Directional sensing: Subcellular targeting of GPCR downstream
effectors during chemotaxis. In: Cell Motility: From Molecules to Organisms. 5th Abercrombie Symposium on Cell Behaviour, Wiley-Liss Inc., Chapter 17.
242. Kimmel, A.R. and R.A. Firtel (2004). Breaking symmetries: regulation of Dictyostelium development
through chemoattractant and morphogen signal-response. Curr. Opin. Genet. Devel. 14:540-549. 243. Meili, R., A.T. Sasaki and R.A. Firtel (2005). Rho rocks PTEN. Nature Cell Biol. 7:334-335. 244. Myers, S.A., J.W. Han, Y. Lee, R.A. Firtel and C.Y. Chung (2005). A Dictyostelium homologue of
WASP is required for polarized F-actin assembly during chemotaxis. Mol. Biol. Cell 16:2191-2206. 245. Mendoza, M.C., F. Du, N. Iranfar, N. Tang, H. Ma, W.F. Loomis and R.A. Firtel (2005). Loss of
SMEK, a novel, conserved protein, suppresses mek1 null cell polarity, chemotaxis, and gene expression defects. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:7839-7853.
246. Lee, S., F.I. Comer, A. Sasaki, I.X. McLeod, Y. Duong, K. Okamura, J.R. Yates III, C.A. Parent and
R.A. Firtel (2005). TOR Complex 2 integrates cell movement during chemotaxis and signal relay in Dictyostelium. Mol. Biol. Cell 16:4572-4583.
247. Charest, P.G. and R.A. Firtel (2006). Feedback signaling controls leading-edge formation during
chemotaxis. Curr. Opin. Genet. Devel. 16:339-347. 248. Mendoza, M.C. and R.A. Firtel (2006). Assaying chemotaxis of Dictyostelium cells. In: Methods in
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249. Sasaki, A.T. and R.A. Firtel (2006). Regulation of chemotaxis by the orchestrated activation of Ras,
PI3K, and TOR. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 85:873-895. 250. Charest, P. and R.A. Firtel (2007). Big roles for small GTPases in the control of directed cell
movement. Biochem. J. 401:377-390. 251. Jeon, T.J., D. Lee, S. Merlot, N. Nguyen, G. Weeks and R.A. Firtel (2007). Rap1 controls cell adhesion
and cell motility through the regulation of myosin II. J. Cell Biol. 176:1021-1033. 252. Mendoza, M.C., E.O. Booth, G. Shaulsky and R.A. Firtel (2007). MEK1 and protein phosphatase 4
coordinate Dictyostelium development and chemotaxis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:3817-3827. 253. Takeda, K., A.T. Sasaki, H. Ha, H. Seung and R.A. Firtel (2007). Role of phosphatidylinositol 3-
kinases in chemotaxis in Dictyostelium. J. Biol. Chem. 282:11874-11884. 254. Sasaki, A., C. Janetopoulos, S. Lee, P.G. Charest, K. Takeda, L.W. Sundheimer, R. Meili, P.N.
Devreotes and R.A. Firtel (2007). G protein-independent Ras/PI3K/F-actin circuit regulates basic cell motility. J. Cell Biol. 178:185-191.
255. Del Alamo, J.C., R. Meili, B. Alonso-Latorre, J. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, A. Aliseda, R.A. Firtel and
J.C. Lasheras (2007). Spatio-temporal analysis of eucaryotic cell motility by improved force cytometry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:13343-13348.
256. Jeon, T.J., D. Lee, S. Lee, G. Weeks and R.A. Firtel (2007). Regulation of Rap1 activity by RapGAP1
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