csc 318 – web application development by: muhd eizan shafiq bin abd aziz faculty computer and...
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CSC 318 – WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENTBY: MUHD EIZAN SHAFIQ BIN ABD AZIZFACULTY COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
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Outline
What is the Internet?
History of Internet
Uses of the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Intranet Application
How does data travel on the Internet?
The World Wide Web
Introduction to the Internet
Markup Language & Scripting
Client/Server Communication
HTTP Communication for Web
Other Internet Applications
E-Commerce
Online Banking
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Introduction to the Internet
Computer network
- The system in which a large number of separate but interconnected computers serve all of the needs
A.K.A a collection of interconnected networks
What is the Internet?
M’sia Net
S’pore Net
USA Net
India Net
Europe Net
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Introduction to the Internet
M’sia Net/WAN(Local ISPs)
UiTM Net/LAN
`
Desktop/Notebook
Dial-Up/xDSL Modem
Home
Firewall
Core Router
Firewall
Business/Organization
Regional ISPs
World ISPs
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Introduction to the Internet
Grand parent of Internet: ARPANET (was funded by DARPA) in 1969
Objective of ARPANET: to allow multiple users to send & receive information simultaneously over the same communication path
Theory of Packet Switching was introduced
TCP/IP protocol was introduced
- Coordinate the addresses of all computers on the Internet and the way resources/data are pass around
TCP: provides reliable data services
IP: provides information about how and where data should be delivered
History of Internet
DARPA = Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
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Introduction to the Internet
What is the number of Internet users worldwide and in Malaysia?
- Worldwide incl. Malaysia: http://www.internetworldstats.com/
- Visit: MCMC Website => http://www.skmm.gov.my/facts_figures/stats/index.asp
Who owns the Internet?
- Answer = Nobody! :-o
Who controls the Internet?
- Corporations, governments & everybody else
Additional Info
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Introduction to the Internet
Who governs the Internet?
- We have professional society responsible in managing the standards. To name a few:
- Internet Architecture Board (IAB): http://www.iab.org/
- Internet Research Task Force (IRTF): http://www.irtf.org/
- Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): http://www.ietf.org/
- Internet Society (ISOC): http://www.isoc.org/
- W3C: http://www.w3.org/
- etc: (make Mr. Google as your best friend :-p)
Additional Info
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Introduction to the Internet
What do you do on the Internet?
- To find information
- To meet and communicate with people virtually
- To have fun
- To learn & study
- To do internet business
- etc.
Uses of the Internet
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Introduction to the Internet
Internet Service Provider = ISP
- Provide the Internet connection
How many ISPs in Malaysia?
- Answer: Quite a few
- Wired: TM, Jaring, Maxis
- Wireless: Jaring, Maxis, Celcom, iZZi, P1
How does the Internet works?
M’sia Net/WAN(Local ISPs)
UiTM Net/LAN
`
Desktop/Notebook
Dial-Up/xDSL Modem
Home
Firewall
Core Router
Firewall
Business/Organization
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Connection
Wired Wireless
Wired
- Fixed line
- Cable modem (dial-up|xDSL)
- LAN Cable
- Network Interface Card (NIC)
- Fiber optic backbone from Server Exchange to CPE. Provided by ISP. In this case provided by TM because TM own all underground cabling in Malaysia.
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
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Introduction to the Internet
Wireless
- IEEE 802.11
- Types: (A|B|G|N) or so called “Wi-Fi”
- Access Point (AP) connected to wired LAN
- Clients (notebook|desktop) connected via wireless device
- Embedded in the notebook: Intel, Atheros
- External device such as USB wireless Adapter and PCI wireless card: D-Link, Aztech
- Coverage: (Small|Medium) because usually setup in an office, in a park or public spots
How does the Internet works?
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Introduction to the Internet
Wireless
- IEEE 802.16
- Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
- Also known as Wireless MAN
- Provides wireless internet connection over long distances
- Which companies won WiMAX license in Malaysia last year?
- Bizsurf, Packet One Networks, Asiaspace Dotcom, Redtone-CNX Broadband
- Current service in Malaysia: P1 Wimax
How does the Internet works?
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Introduction to the Internet
Wireless
- Satellite Internet Access
- Use mobile phone coverage: (GPRS|3G|HSDPA)
- Modem (Supported mobile phone or USB Modem)
- Quite well-known these days
- ISPs: Maxis Broadband and Celcom Broadband (Celcom has widest coverage :D)
How does the Internet works?
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Introduction to the Internet
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
- An address to the current location of information
- protocol://host[:server port]/path/
- Example:
- http://www.yahoo.com
- http://www.uitm.edu.my/uitm
- Web browser uses the URL address to retrieve a document over the network
How does the Internet works?
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Introduction to the Internet
Domain Name- A name that uniquely identifies a
website on the Internet- As a substitute for IP Address of
the website- Example:
- URL: http://www.uitm.edu.my/uitm
- Domain Name: uitm.edu.my- IP Address: 202.58.80.152
- Which one is easier to remember?- Domain name or IP Address?
How does the Internet works?
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Introduction to the Internet
Domain Name- Top-level domain (TLD) names
- Infrastructure (iTLD): .root, .arpa.
- Generic TLD (gTLD): .com, .edu, .net, .gov, etc.
- Country Code (ccTLD): .my, .uk, .id, .sg, etc.
Domain Name Server (DNS)- Translates domain name to IP Address
How does the Internet works?
Introduction to the Internet
Host Name
- A host is a (computer|device) that is connected to a network
- Each host has a name, so, we call it host name, sometimes we call it computer name
- Host name uniquely identifies a host on a network without using its IP Address
- Example:
- 1 computer named “uitmpc1” is connected to a UiTM’s network
- “uitmpc1” has a unique IP Address which is “10.0.70.55”
- You are able to access or find “uitmpc1” using its host name or IP Address
How does the Internet works?
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Introduction to the Internet
IP Address
- A unique numeric identifier for a (computer|host|devices) on a network/Internet
- 2 versions: IPv4 and IPv6
- Type 1: Static
- IP Address assigned to a computer or other devices remains the same every time the device is connected to the network
- Assign and change manually
- Type 2: Dynamic A.K.A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- It changes every time a (computer|device) is connected to the network
- More efficient way to assign IP Address to a computer or other devices
- DHCP server responsible in assigning IP Address to available hosts in the network
How does the Internet works?
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Introduction to the Internet
Protocol
- A set of rules that enables computers to connect and transmit data to one another over the network/Internet
- Example:
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Internet Protocol (IP)
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
How does the Internet works?
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Introduction to the Internet
Intranet Application
Intranet
- A PRIVATE computer network that belongs to a business, university, government agency or other organization that can be accessed ONLY by authorized persons, typically employees or other members of the organization
Intranet Application
- Main purpose: share organizational information and computing resources among employees and others in the organization
- Authorized persons able to access the application from virtually anywhere such as from home or while traveling
- Example:
- Websites (internal application), FTP service, E-mail, etc
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Introduction to the Internet
Internet? Intranet? Extranet?
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Introduction to the Internet
How does data travel on the network/Internet?
`
Your computer ISPs
Routers
Web Servers
1. Your Computer sends page request and then translates the information sent back into the
words and images that make up the Web page
2. ISPs provide internet connection for home user
and business or organization for a fee
3. Routers are computers that receive information and forward it to the correct destination over the most efficient route available at
that moment
4. Web Servers are computers that answer your request for a particular
Web page with the information required to build that page on your
computer
MY
US
UK
AUJP
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Introduction to the Internet
How does data travel on the network/Internet?
Web Servers
`
Your Computer
01000011 01010011 01000011 00110011 00110001 00110111
Network/Internet
Bear in mind, data travel on the network/Internet in
digital form (0|1)
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Introduction to the Internet
W3 = World Wide Web, allows computer users locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject.
- Written in HTML
- Contain text, image, audio, video
- Distributed Hypermedia System - heterogeneous hypermedia information repositories that are distributed across local- and wide-area networks
W3 was developed by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1990. He also developed several communication protocols as a backbone of the web.
(October, 1994) – Tim Berners-Lee founded W3C. The goal is to make the Web universally accessible, in terms of ability, language or culture.
The World Wide Web
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Introduction to the Internet
They also formed various standards known as RECOMMENDATIONS.
It includes:
- XHTML
- CSS
- HTML
- XML
The World Wide Web
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Introduction to the Internet
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML): HTML, XML
Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML): XHTML, CSS
Perl
PHP
Coldfusion
ASP, (ASP|VB).NET
Java Technology: Applet, Java Servlet, JSP
etc (again, ask Mr. Google to help you :-p)
Markup Language & Scripting
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Introduction to the Internet
What is server?
- A (software program|computer) that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on the same computer or other (clients|computers) on a network
- Example:
- Web server, file server, DHCP server
What is client?
- A (computer|program|process) that makes requests for information from another (computer|program|process) in a client-server relationship
Client/Server Communication
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Introduction to the Internet
Client/Server Communication
`
Client-side Server-side
Send request to the server
Return file to the client
Send another request to the server
Return required file to the client
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Introduction to the Internet
Some of the protocols involved:
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- Port 80
- Simple protocol for file transfer over the network/Internet
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Port 21
- Standard method for (sharing|downloading) files over the Internet for many years
- Commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to server.
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
- Port 25
* Note: Do you want to know the other port numbers? Visit http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
Client/Server Communication
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Introduction to the Internet
Common software requirement at the client side: Web browser
- Internet Explorer
- Firefox
- Opera
- Konqueror
- Safari
Common software requirement at the server side: Web server
- Microsoft Products: PWS or IIS
- Open Source Products: Apache, Tomcat, etc.
Client/Server Communication
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Introduction to the Internet
Two types of Web:
- Static Web
- The contents of the web are fixed
- Hard coded in the HTML
- Dynamic Web
- Dynamic content
- The web is connected to the database (e.g. MS Access)
- Required client and server side scripting
HTTP Communication for Web
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Introduction to the Internet
HTTP Communication for Web
`
Hello!
Hello
Can you give me index.php file?
Okay, here is the index.php fileClient Side Server Side
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Introduction to the Internet
- The most popular service
- Take few (seconds|minutes) to be delivered
- Normally can be enclosed with attachment
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Common application to download file from Internet to user’s computer OR upload files to server
Other Internet Applications
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Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
Instant Messaging
- The most popular Internet application
- Real-time conversation
- Example: Yahoo! Messenger, GoogleTalk, MSN Messenger, IRC, etc.
Plug-ins
- Programs that extend capability of web browser
- Example: Apple QuickTime, RealPlayer, Shockwave Player, Windows Media Player, etc.
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Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
Discussion Forums
- A place where people discuss things or common interest
- Example: Anime, Sports, TV Series, etc
- Type 1: Newsgroups A.K.A Usenet
- Wide range of subjects
- Disseminate to computers around the world that run news server
- Available worldwide
- Type 2: Mailing List
- Based on email subscription
- Forum discussions will come straight to your email inbox
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Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
- A.K.A Internet Telephony
- Make phone calls over the Internet
- Latest IM applications can be used to initiate VoIP call
- Required devices:
- (Client|Computer) equipped with microphone and speaker OR
- Traditional telephone with special adapter OR
- VoIP Phone
- Call charges: free OR less than normal phone call charges
- Can be used by individuals or business organizations
Introduction to the Internet
A.K.A E-Business- Buying and selling of (products|services) on the Internet
- The amount of trade increased dramatically
- Category 1: Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
- Direct online sale between supplier and individual customer
- Example: Dell sells (desktop|notebook) to consumer, Amazon.com
- Category 2: Business-to-Business (B2B)
- Online transactions between businesses
- Example: Advertising companies sell services to business organizations
- Category 3: Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) A.K.A P2P
- Exchanges (between|among) consumers
- Example: eBay.com, mudah.com.my, etc.
E-Commerce
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Introduction to the Internet
A.K.A E-Business
- Category 4: Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
- Individuals offer (products|services) to companies and the companies pay them
- Example: Freelance web designers sell services to companies
E-Commerce
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Introduction to the Internet
A.K.A Internet Banking
- Part of E-Commerce applications
- Allow customers to conduct financial transaction on a secure website and connection
- Advantage: customers do not need to be at the bank physically
- Disadvantage: vulnerable to risks (fraud, unauthorized access, identity theft, virus attacks)
- What you can do on Online Banking?
- Access your bank account
- Money transfer
- Bills payment
- OB in Malaysia
- maybank2u, CIMB Clicks, Bank Islam Internet Banking
Online Banking
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Question?
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Knuckles (2001). Introduction to Interactive Programming on the Internet using HTML & Javascript. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dean, T (2006). Network+ Guide to Networks. Thomson Course Technology.
Azlan Ismail (2005). Introduction to Web Programming. FTMSK, UiTM.
Bibliography (Books & PPT Slide)
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http://www.w3concepts.com/w3Main/GoverningTheNet.htm
http://www.icann.org/tlds/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain
http://www.webdevelopersjournal.com/columns/ajs_who_controls_internet.html
http://www.bellevuelinux.org/
Bibliography (Websites)
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