csa z94.4-2011 selection, use and care of respirators · respirator type csa z94.4-02 niosh 2004...

CSA Z94.4-2011Selection, Use and Care of Respirators

Stacy Richardson, IHT, CRSP

Technical Service Specialist

3M Canada Company

Occupational Health & Safety Division

519-601-6026

srichardson@mmm.com

This summary was prepared by the 3M Canada Occupational Health and Environmental Safety Division. It does not in any way represent an official, legal nor complete interpretations of the referenced standard and there is no representation, warranty, guarantee or other obligation of 3M Canada Company or its employees arising out of its contents. Should specific questions arise, the standard itself should be reviewed and relied upon, and legal counsel consulted where appropriate, rather than relying upon this summary.

Agenda

� Canadian Overview

� Key Changes

� Change-out procedures no longer allows for use of warning

properties

� New APFs

� Control Banding Method for bioaerosols without OELs

� Training Updates

� New Appendices:

� Fit Test Competency

� Facial Hair

� Questions

Respiratory Regulation

Fed - CSA1982

February 2012

CSA/Z94.4

BCZ94.4-93/02 CSA-02

Z94.4-02 NoneNone

NIOSHCSA-93 or ANSIZ94.4-93

CSA/Z94.4

CSA-93/Z94.4-93

* In guidance document CSA-93/Z94.4-93

CSA/Z94.4

CSA-02Z94.4-02

None (Z94.4-02*)

Key Changes

Change-out Procedures, Schedules and Service Time

Section 10 – Use of Respirators

� Qualified person shall establish a change-out schedule…before

their useful service life is ended.

� Odour and warning properties of the contaminant SHALL not be

relied upon for cartridge/canister change out. Options

� End of service life indicators

� Maximum use time

� Breathing resistance as appropriate (filters)

� Change out schedule calculated by a qualified person using the

manufacturers product information.

Qualified Person – an individual who possess the knowledge, experience, And training to fullfill the competencies of the role(s) defined in the standard

Change-out Procedures, Schedules and Service Time

So what does this mean?

� Workplaces must understand concentrations,

through air sampling.

� May create more cost for end user

� End user may end up using more or less cartridges.

Assigned Protection Factors (APFs)

� New APFS

� Alignment with OSHA APFs introduced in the US in

November 2006.

� Note: some differences with OSHA as they pertain to the

fit test method

Assigned Protection Factors

Respirator Type CSAZ94.4-02

NIOSH2004 Selection Logic

OSHAOSHA Nov. 2006

29 CFR 1910.134

CSAZ94.4-11

(Proposed Draft)

Air Purifying Half Facepiece 10 10 10 10

Full Facepiece 100 (QLFT – 10) 101 / 502 50 50 (QLFT 10)

Powered Air

Purifying

Loose-fitting facepiece 25 25 25 25

Half facepiece 50 50 50 50

Full facepiece 1000 50 1000 1000

Helmet or hood 1000 25 25 / 10003 25 / 10003

Air Line Loose fitting facepiece 25 25 25 25Air Line

Continuous Flow

Supplied Air

Loose fitting facepiece 25 25 25 25

Full facepiece 1000 50 1000 1000

Helmet or hood 1000 25 25 / 10003 25 / 10003

Air Line

Pressure Demand

Full facepiece 1000 2000 1000 1000

SCBA Full facepiece -------------- 10000 10000 100004

SCBA tight fitting hood -------------- ----------------- 10000 100004

1APF of 10 with full facepiece respirators equipped with N/R/P 95 or 99 class filters.2APF of 50 with a full facepiece equipped with a class 100 filter. Full facepiece with gas/vapour cartridge and/or equipped with a 100 class pre-filter. 3 Manufacturer must demonstrate APF of 10004 Must be QNFT

Respirator Selection

Hazard Assessment

OEL & Sampling Data Bioaerosol with no OEL

Hazard Ratio

Control Banding Method

Respirator Selection

Bioaerosol

Definition: liquid droplet (generated for example by coughing, sneezing or a medical procedure such as bronchoscopy) or a solid particle (generated for example by sweeping, shovelling) suspended in the air. Bioaerosols include living or dead microorganisms, fragments, toxins, and particulate waste products from all varieties of living things. They are capable of

fragments, toxins, and particulate waste products from all varieties of living things. They are capable of causing infection, adverse or allergic response.

Note: Individual bioaerosols range in size from submicroscopic particles (<0.01 µm) to particles greater than 100 µm in diameter.

Control Banding Approach

7.3.2.3.1 Control Banding Approach

� Control Banding was developed in Great Britain to implement safe and realistic means of control where quantitative risk information was limited.

� Control Banding is a generic technique used to guide the assessment and management of workplace risks.

The general procedure is to derive an appropriate level of respiratory protection by combining ranges or “bands” representing:

� Risk Group - (nature of the hazard and availability of treatment)

� Generation Rate (from human release, activities, or equipment)

� Control Level (e.g., ventilation).

Control Banding Approach

7.3.2.3.4

The appropriate workplace environment shall be selected in

accordance with

� Figure 2 for a health care facility when exposure is related to

infectious bioaerosols that are communicable between

humans; or

� Figure 3 for general workplace environments [including all

settings not defined in item (a)] for all bioaerosols

Health Care Facilities

� A facility designed for the provision of health care.

� The health care figure shall be used when exposure is

related to infectious bioaerosols that are

communicable* between humans

e.g. mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza or varicella

Note: Refer to Annex N: Additional guidance for qualified persons on

respirator selection in health care environments

*Communicable ~ Contagious

Risk Group

Not associate with disease: or serious

adverse health effectsR1

Rarely serious, prevention/therapy

availableR2

Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy possible R3

Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy not

readily availableR4

Generation Rate

Patient not coughing or sneezing G1

Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth

coveredG2

Control Banding Approach for Bioaerosols in a Healt h Care Facilities

coveredG2

uncoveredG3

Aerosol-generating procedure G4

Control Level

Poorly ventilated, < 3 ACH C1

Corridor/patient room, 3-6 ACH C2

Negative pressure, laboratory, autopsy,

>6-12 ACH C3

Surgery, >12 ACH C4

Health Care Facility:

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) Exposure

A RN is caring for a patient with pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The patient has a uncovered productive cough and is currently in airborne

isolation in a negative-pressure room.

Step 1Identify the bioaerosolMycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis

Transmission of disease, infection or adverse effects produced from inhalation of bioaerosolYes, pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis

Step 2

Select applicable control banding wheelHealth Care Facility

Step 3 Hazard Assessment will

identify the bioaerosol. This

is the responsibility of the

workplace

Health Care Facility: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Exposure

Step 4

Risk Group 3 (R3) — Bacterial Agents Including RickettsiaBartonella

Determine the bioaerosol risk group(R1-R4)R3: Agents associated with serious human disease o r adverse health effect for which preventative therapy might be available

Risk Group

BartonellaBrucella including B. abortus, B. canis, B. suisBurkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei, B. pseudomalleiCoxiella burnetiiFrancisella tularensisMycobacterium bovis (except BCG strain, see Risk Group 2 (R2) — Bacterial Agents Including Chlamydia), M. tuberculosis Pasteurella multocida type B — “buffalo” and other virulent strains Rickettsia akari, R. australis, R. canada, R. conorii, R. prowazekii, R. rickettsii, R, siberica, R.

Not associate with disease: or

serious adverse health effects

available

Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy

possible

not readily available

Determine the generation rate (G1- G4)G3: Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth uncover ed

Step 5

Generation Rate

Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth covered G2

Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth uncovered G3

Step 6 Determine the control level (C- C4)C3: Negative pressure room with 6- 12 ACH

Control Level

Negative pressure, laboratory, autopsy, >6-12 ACH C3

Surgery, >12 ACH C4

Step 7Identify the number/colour of the segment from the variables in Steps 4-6R3, G3, C3

Risk Group

availableR2

possibleR3

readily availableR4

Generation Rate

Patient coughing or sneezing with mouth G2

Control Banding Approach for Bioaerosols in a Healt h Care Facilities

coveredG2

uncoveredG3

Control Level

Negative pressure, laboratory, autopsy,

>6-12 ACH C3

Surgery, >12 ACH C4

Hierarchy of Respiratory ProtectionFigure 4

Respirator Selection for TB Exposure

Summary • R3, G3, C3 = Green/No. 1.

• Green/No. 1 = APF 10

• Air-purifying (negative-pressure) half-facepiece

General Workplace Environments

� The general workplace figure shall be used for all environments/settings not defined for a health care facility

E.g. Mold in the workplace, hantavirus in a maintenance shed

� Refer to Annex K for workplace scenario examples

Control Banding Approach for Bioaerosols in General Workplace Environment

Generation Rate

Low release of bioaerosol/pathogen G1

Medium release of bioaerosol/pathogen G2

Risk Group

availableR2

possibleR3

readily availableR4

High release of bioaerosol/pathogen G3

Very high release of bioaerosol G4

Control Level

Indoor – poorly ventilated

(ACH <1)

Indoor - Ventilation 1 < ACH < 4

Outdoor – no wind

Indoor – Ventilation 4 < ACH < 6

Outdoor – low wind

Indoor – Ventilation ACH >6

Outdoor – moderate wind

General Workplace: Histoplasmosis

A worker is directed to go into a warehouse that has been occupied by

pigeons for many years. Piles of pigeon excrement about a metre deep are

found under roosting locations. The cleanup will be done indoors with no

additional ventilation.

Step 1 Identify the bioaerosolHistoplasma capsulatum

Histoplasma capsulatum

Transmission of disease, infection or adverse effects produced from inhalation of bioaerosolYes, histoplasmosis

Step 2

Select applicable control banding wheelGeneral Workplace Environment

Step 3

Hazard Assessment will

identify the bioaerosol. This

is the responsibility of the

workplace

Step 4 Determine the bioaerosol risk group(R1-R4)R3: Agents associated with serious human disease o r adverse health effect for which preventative therapy might be avai lable

Risk Group 3 (R3) — Fungal Agents

Coccidioides immitis (sporulating cultures; contaminated soil)

Histoplasma capsulatum, H. capsulatum var.. duboisii

Risk Group

Not associate with disease: or serious adverse health effects R1

Rarely serious, prevention/therapy available R2

Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy possible R3

Serious/lethal, prevention/therapy not readily available R4

Step 5Determine the generation rate (G1- G4)G3: Misting then shoveling

Generation Rate

Step 6 Determine the control level (C- C4)C1: Indoor, Poorly ventilated ACH < 1

Control Level

(ACH <1)

Outdoor – no wind

Step 7Identify the number/colour of the segment from the variables in Steps 4-6R3, G3, C1

Generation Rate

Medium release of G2

Risk Group

availableR2

possibleR3

readily availableR4

Control Banding Approach for Bioaerosols in General Workplace Environment

bioaerosol/pathogenG2

Control Level

(ACH <1)

Outdoor – no wind

Hierarchy of Respiratory ProtectionFigure 4

Respirator Selection for TB Exposure

Summary • R3, G3, C1 = Orange/No. 3.

• Orange No.3 = APF 50

• Option - Air-purifying (negative-pressure) full-facepiece

Training Updates

� Fit testing requirements have increased

� Uses language like “competency is required”

� Verifying users ability to obtain an effective seal, comfort and fit

� Manage overall fit testing process

� Interpret results

� Specific statement on refresher training has been replaced

with the following...

“The employer shall provide additional training for the respirator user or other

individual assigned to one or more roles in the respiratory protection

program where (a) review cannot confirm that the individual remains

qualified;……”

Fit Testing and Training Updates

� QLFT – 7 exercises; same as QNFT

� 6th – bending over if space permits

� Must sanitize fit testing hoods between fit tests

� Facial hair (section 9.2.2 )

� Reaffirms that individuals must present themselves for fit testing free from

interference of hair where the respirator seals to the skin of the face or

� States that for many individuals this requires being clean-shaven within

the previous 24 or preferably 12h to ensure a clean seal….

� No mention of frequency of training for fit testers in the

new standard

Note: Respiratory program to be reviewed on annual basis

New Appendix J –Fit Testing Competency Check List

� Nine sections

� Knowledge of respirator protection & fit testing fundamentals

� Respiratory protection requirements

� Respirators identified in the RPP

� Knowledge of pre-use requirements for the selected respirators

� Verification of user’s competency

� Organization of fit testing workspace, equipment and activity

� Operation & practical aspects of fit testing equipment being used

� Ability to use respirators and fit testing equipment

� Ability to conduct respirator fit tests

New Appendix J –Fit Testing Competency Check List

New Appendix M –Illustrations of Facial Hair

Acceptable Unacceptable

Questions

Please contact:Stacy Richardson: 1-800-265-1840 ext. 2749

Bev Borst: 1-800-265-1840 ext. 4701

3M Canada Service Centre and

3M Canada Service Centre and Technical Support

OH&ES1-800-267-4414

www.3m.com/CA/occsafety

csa z94.4-2011 selection, use and care of respirators · respirator type csa z94.4-02 niosh 2004...

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