critical loads meeting at mission inn, riverside ca february 15-18 2005 jack cosby university of...
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Critical Loads Meeting at Mission Inn, Riverside CACritical Loads Meeting at Mission Inn, Riverside CA
February 15-18 2005February 15-18 2005
Jack CosbyJack Cosby
University of VirginiaUniversity of Virginia
Scientific Justification for Using the Critical Loads Scientific Justification for Using the Critical Loads ApproachApproach
Geochemical ProcessesGeochemical Processes
Patterns of ResponsePatterns of Response
Dynamics of ResponseDynamics of Response
Critical Loads Meeting at Mission Inn, Riverside CACritical Loads Meeting at Mission Inn, Riverside CA
February 15-18 2005February 15-18 2005
Jack CosbyJack Cosby
University of VirginiaUniversity of Virginia
Scientific Justification for Using the Critical Loads Scientific Justification for Using the Critical Loads ApproachApproach
Geochemical ProcessesGeochemical Processes
Patterns of ResponsePatterns of Response
Dynamics of ResponseDynamics of Response
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Al-X
BC-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
HCO3
BC+
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
ANC > 0.0ANC > 0.0
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Al-X
Al(OH)3
HCO3
H+ Al 3+
Al 3+
CO2
Al(OH)3
CO2 Al 3+HCO3
H+ OH -
ANC = 0.0ANC = 0.0
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Al-X
BC-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
HCO3
BC+
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
Primary Mineral
BC+ Weathering
Long-term Steady-Long-term Steady-state Conditionstate Condition
Weathering rate = Weathering rate = ANC production rateANC production rate
ANCANCSSSS > 0.0 > 0.0
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Effects of Acidic Effects of Acidic Deposition on Deposition on
Soils and Soils and Drainage WatersDrainage Waters
H2SO4
Al-X
BC-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
HCO3
BC+
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
BC+ Weathering
ANCANCSSSS > 0.0 > 0.0
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Al-X
BC-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
HCO3
BC+
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
BC+ Weathering
H+ OH-
H2SO4
SO42-
SO4 -X
Initial Response to Initial Response to Acidic DepositionAcidic Deposition
- without mobile anion -- without mobile anion -
Buffering by adsorption Buffering by adsorption of sulphate anionof sulphate anion
ANC > 0.0ANC > 0.0
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Al-X
BC-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
HCO3
BC+
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
BC+ Weathering
H+
H2SO4
SO42-
SO4 -X
SO42-
SO42-
Initial Response to Initial Response to Acidic DepositionAcidic Deposition
- with mobile anion -- with mobile anion -
Buffering by cation Buffering by cation exchangeexchange
ANC > 0.0ANC > 0.0
( neutral salt ( neutral salt of sulphate )of sulphate )
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Long-term Response Long-term Response to Acidic Depositionto Acidic Deposition
depletion of soil depletion of soil base saturationbase saturation
Al-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
BC+
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
Al 3+
BC+ Weathering
Al(OH)3
CO2 Al 3+HCO3
H+ OH -
H+
H2SO4
SO42-
SO4 -X
SO42-
SO42-
???
Final ANC Final ANC depends on depends on
relative relative magnitudes of magnitudes of
BC and SOBC and SO44
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Long-term Response Long-term Response to Acidic Depositionto Acidic Deposition
depletion of soil depletion of soil base saturationbase saturation
Al-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
BC+
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
Al 3+
BC+ Weathering
Al(OH)3
CO2 Al 3+HCO3
H+ OH -
H+
H2SO4
SO42-
SO4 -X
SO42-
SO42-
HCO3
If BC > SOIf BC > SO44
ANC > 0.0ANC > 0.0
( but < ANC( but < ANCSS SS ))
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Long-term Response Long-term Response to Acidic Depositionto Acidic Deposition
depletion of soil depletion of soil base saturationbase saturation
Al-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
BC+
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
Al 3+
BC+ Weathering
Al(OH)3
CO2 Al 3+HCO3
H+ OH -
H+
H2SO4
SO42-
SO4 -X
SO42-
SO42-
H+ Al3+
If SOIf SO44 > BC > BC
ANC < 0.0ANC < 0.0
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Initial Recovery from Initial Recovery from Acidic DepositionAcidic Deposition
replenishment of replenishment of soil base saturationsoil base saturation
Al-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
Al 3+
BC+ Weathering
Al(OH)3
CO2 Al 3+HCO3
H+ OH -
ANC ~ 0.0ANC ~ 0.0
( ANC < ANC( ANC < ANCSSSS ) )
Atmosphere
Soil andSoil Water
Stream Water
Final Recovery from Final Recovery from Acidic DepositionAcidic Deposition
soil base saturation soil base saturation restoredrestored
Al-X
BC-X
CO2
Al(OH)3
HCO3
BC+
BC+
H+ Al 3+
HCO3
BC+ Weathering
ANC = ANCANC = ANCSSSS
Critical Loads Meeting at Mission Inn, Riverside CACritical Loads Meeting at Mission Inn, Riverside CA
February 15-18 2005February 15-18 2005
Jack CosbyJack Cosby
University of VirginiaUniversity of Virginia
Scientific Justification for Using the Critical Loads Scientific Justification for Using the Critical Loads ApproachApproach
Geochemical ProcessesGeochemical Processes
Patterns of ResponsePatterns of Response
Dynamics of ResponseDynamics of Response
Use Dynamic Model for Use Dynamic Model for Quantitative Understanding Quantitative Understanding
of Changes in Soil of Changes in Soil Properties Responsible for Properties Responsible for Time Scales of Acidification Time Scales of Acidification
and Recoveryand Recovery
-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
Use Dynamic Model for Use Dynamic Model for Quantitative Understanding Quantitative Understanding
of Changes in Soil Acid-of Changes in Soil Acid-Base Properties During Base Properties During
Acidification and RecoveryAcidification and Recovery
-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
Use Dynamic Model for Use Dynamic Model for Quantitative Understanding Quantitative Understanding
of Changes in Soil Acid-of Changes in Soil Acid-Base Properties During Base Properties During
Acidification and RecoveryAcidification and Recovery
-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
Use Dynamic Model for Use Dynamic Model for Quantitative Understanding Quantitative Understanding
of Changes in Soil Acid-of Changes in Soil Acid-Base Properties During Base Properties During
Acidification and RecoveryAcidification and Recovery
-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
D
-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
D
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
D
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
D
Use Dynamic Model for Use Dynamic Model for Quantitative Understanding Quantitative Understanding
of Changes in Soil Acid-of Changes in Soil Acid-Base Properties During Base Properties During
Acidification and RecoveryAcidification and Recovery
-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
D
-60
-30
0
30
60
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
AN
C u
eq/L BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
D
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
D
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
0 50 100 150 200
SO4 ueq/L
Soi
l pH
BS = 20%
BS = 15%
BS = 10%
BS = 5%
A
B
C
D
Critical Loads Meeting at Mission Inn, Riverside CACritical Loads Meeting at Mission Inn, Riverside CA
February 15-18 2005February 15-18 2005
Jack CosbyJack Cosby
University of VirginiaUniversity of Virginia
Scientific Justification for Using the Critical Loads Scientific Justification for Using the Critical Loads ApproachApproach
Geochemical ProcessesGeochemical Processes
Patterns of ResponsePatterns of Response
Dynamics of ResponseDynamics of Response
Recovery delay time
From the UN ECE ICP mapping and
modeling (Max Posch)
DDT:Damage delay time
RDT:Recovery delay time
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5
Critical load
Critical response
Chemical target (ANC)B
iolo
gic
al
res
po
ns
eA
cid
de
po
sit
ion
Ch
em
ica
l re
sp
on
se
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
RDTDDT
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