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COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABI for
Ph.D (Water Engineering & Management)
Centre for Water Engineering and Management Central University of Jharkhand
Brambe, Ranchi
16 credits are required minimum coursework for Ph.D. students. The academic curriculum
includes courses from both major and supporting academic areas. Ph.D. students work
closely with their academic advisor to ensure coursework requirements are met.
Major/Core Courses
Research Methodology 4 cr
Land and Water Engg. and Management 4 cr
Seminar – I 1 cr
Seminar – II 1 cr
Minor/Supplementary courses
Elective I 3 cr
Elective II 3 cr
Total
credits
16 cr
Research Methodology Credits 4 ( 3 1 0)
UNIT I
Objectives, types, and process of research; research methodology in management-
exploratory, descriptive, experimental, diagnostic;
UNIT II
Problem formulation; Scales of measurement; Primary and secondary data; Sampling, Types
of sampling - Probability and non-probability sampling techniques, sample size
determination, sampling and non-sampling errors.
UNIT III
Role and uses of quantitative techniques in engineering, Use of Equations, Use of
Determinants and Matrices in engineering,
UNIT IV
Frequency Distribution, Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Variation, Skewness
and Kurtosis, Simple, partial, and multiple correlation, rank correlation, simple and multiple
regression,
UNIT V
Discriminate and dummy variable analysis, Index Numbers, Hypothesis testing, ANOVA,
Factor analysis, cluster analysis; Report writing
TEXT BOOKS
Research Methodology. R. Panneerselvam. 2004. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. C. R. Kothari. 2004. New Age
International.
Practical Research Methods: A User-friendly Guide to Mastering Research Techniques and
Projects, Catherine Dawson. 2002. How To Books Ltd.
Land & Water Engineering and Management Credit 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT-I
Rainfall-runoff-infiltration interactions, Rainfall erosivity indices and calculations, Runoff
measurements and calculations, Peak discharges. Soil Erosion: Types and processes, Factors
affecting water and wind erosion, Soil erodibility, Soil loss measurements and calculations
UNIT-II
Conservation tillage, Terrace design, layout and construction, Gully/stream bank
stabilization, Open channels and drainage systems/structures, Drainage for runoff diversion
and salinity control, Land reclamation and improvement
UNIT-III
Water quantity/quality assessment and management, Water conservation measures, Water-
harvesting structures, Reduction of water losses
UNIT-IV
Land cover management, Farming systems, Soil management, Landscape management,
Afforestation, Watershed-related problems and opportunities
UNIT-V
Soil-Conservation Strategies: Concept of land husbandry, Field-level and watershed-level
strategies. Indigenous technologies, Soil Erosion Modeling and Soil-Conservation Research
TEXT BOOKS:
1. FAO Soils Bulletin No. 68 (1993): Field Measurement of Soil Erosion and Runoff,
Hudson, N.W (Ed.) FAO, Rome.
2. Hudson, N.W. (1992): Soil Conservation, B. T. Batsford, London, UK
3. Hudson, N.W. (1992): Land Husbandry, BT Batsford, London, UK
4. Lal, R. (Editor) (1994):Soil Erosion Research Methods, Soil and Water Conservation
Society Ankeny, USA
5. Morgan, R.P.C. (1995): Soil Erosion and Conservation, 2nd Ed. Longmam Scientific
and Technical, Burnt Hill, UK.
6. Pierce, F.J. and Frye, W. W. (1998): Advances in Soil and Water Conservation, Ann
Arbor Press, Michigan.
7. Schwab, G. O., Fangmeier, D. D., Elliot, W. J. and Frevert, R. K. (1993): Soil and
Water Conservation Engineering, 4th Ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc., USA
8. Ward, A.D., and Elliot, W. J. (1995): Environmental Hydrology, CRC Press Inc. Boca
Raton, Florida
Statistical Analysis Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT I
Hypothesis Testing: Binomial, Poisson, Negative binomial, Normal distributions and their
applications. Concept of sampling distribution: t, 2 and F distributions. Tests of significance
based on normal, t, 2 and F distributions.
UNIT II
Theory of estimation and confidence-intervals. Correlation and regression. Simple and
multiple linear regression model. Estimation of parameters. Predicted values and residuals.
Correlation, partial correlation coefficient, multiple correlation coefficient, rank correlation.
Test of significance of correlation coefficient. Coefficient of determination. Polynomial
regression models and their fitting. Selection of variables. Validation of models. Probit
regression analysis by least squares and maximum likelihood methods. Confidence interval
for sensitivity. Testing for heterogeneity.
UNIT III
Planning of an experiment and basic principles of design of experiments. Analysis of
variance (ANOVA) Completely randomized design (CRD), Randomized complete block
design (RCBD), Latin square design (LSD). Randomization procedure, analysis and
interpretation of results. Concept of factorial experiments.
UNIT IV
Introduction to multivariate analytical tools: dimension reduction techniques (Principal
Component Analysis), cluster and discriminant function analysis.
Suggested Readings
1. Anderson, T.W. 1958. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis. John
Wiley.
2. Campbell, R.A. 1974. Statistics for Biologists. Cambridge University Press.
3. Dillon, W.R. and Goldstein, M. 1984. Multivariate Analysis: Methods and
Applications. John Wiley.
4. Electronic Statistics Text Book: http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/stathome.html.
5. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. 1977. An Outline of Statistical Theory.
Vol. I. The World Press Pvt. Ltd.
6. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. 1983. Fundamentals of Statistics. Vol. I.
The World Press Pvt. Ltd.,
7. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. 2007. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. Sultan
Chand and Sons.
8. Hoel, P.G. 1971. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. John Wiley.
9. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, T.T. 1978. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. Macmillan.
10. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. 1936. Statistical Methods. Oxford University.
Water Resources Planning and Management Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT-I
Introduction, System components, Planning and management, Concept of a system,
Advantages and limitations of systems approach, Modeling of Water Resources Systems,
Simulation and optimization, Economics in water resources, Challenges in water sector
UNIT-II
Estimation of future water demands, water requirement for irrigation and municipal water
use, Estimation of water yield using flow duration curve, reservoir losses, evaporation,
seepage, leakage, sensitivity of reservoir storage to inflow statistics, reservoir capacity
computation, mass curve, sequent peak algorithm. Reservoir sizing and Reservoir operation
using LP
UNIT-III
Introduction, multistage decision problem, Recursive Equations, Principle of optimality,
Discrete DP, Curse of Dimensionality, Water allocation problem, Capacity expansion
problem, Reservoir operation, Multipurpose reservoir operation, Non-inferior solutions,
Trade-off analysis, Pareto optimal solutions, Multipurpose reservoir operation, Weighted and
constraint methods,
UNIT-IV
Introduction, River basin simulation, Reservoir operation, simulation, Performance
evaluation, Reliability, Resiliency and Vulnerability, Some simulation models.Water
Resources Systems Modeling: River basin planning and management, Water distribution
systems, Groundwater systems, Water quality modeling, Floodplain management, Urban
storm water management, Advanced Topics Fuzzy optimization, Genetic algorithms, Multi
criteria decision making, Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Loucks D.P, Stedinger J.R and Haith D.A, ‘Water Resources Systems Planning and
Analysis’, Prentice Hall, USA, 1981.
2. Mays L.W and Tung Y-K, ‘Hydrosystems Engineering and Management’, McGraw
Hill, USA, 1992.
3. Vedula S. and Mujumdar P.P., ‘Water Resources Systems: Modelling Techniques and
Analysis’, Tata-McGraw Hill, 2005.
4. Jain S.K. and Singh V.P., ‘Water Resources Systems Planning and Management’,
Elsevier, The Netherlands, 2003.
5. Loucks D.P. and van Beek E., ‘Water Resources Systems Planning and Management’,
UNESCO Publishing, The Netherlands, 2005.
6. Chaturvedi, M.C., ‘Water Resources Systems Planning and Management’, Tata
McGraw - Hill, India, 1992.
WATER RESOURCES ECONOMICS Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT-I
Principles of economic planning and decision making,
UNIT-II
Price theory and resource allocation-Project Optimality conditions, cost- benefit studies, role
of benefit-cost parameter in project selection
UNIT-III
Economic feasibility tests, Involvement of risk and other variables, tangible and intangible
benefits; Cost-benefit studies of single and multipurpose water resources projects;
UNIT-IV
Economic planning: Capacity expansion and project scheduling, multi-objective planning
models, international developments on water transfer, preparation of feasibility reports.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Goodman, A.S., Principles of Water Resources Planning, Prentice Hall Inc., New
Jercy, 1984.
2. James, L.D. and Lee, R.R., Economics of Water Resources Planning, Mc Graw Hill,
Inc., 1971
Planning and Development of Hydropower Credits 3 (2 1 0)
Unit I
Water Power Development: Investigation of Sites in relation to Water Power – studies
involving Pondage, Storage and Output Hydrograph; Mass curve; Flow duration curve
Market requirements and Load studies; Load factor; Load duration curve
Unit II
Types of Hydro Plants, Design, Layout and Construction of Masonry Gravity and Arch Dams
including Overflow and Non-overflow Structures, Earth embankment Dams – general
principles of Design, Silting of Reservoirs and Effect on Power Development
Unit III
Selection of Hydraulic Prime Movers; Arrangement of Plant, Powerhouse sub-structure;
Equipment for Powerhouse Plant, Accessories; Elementary theory of Speed and Power
Regulation
Unit IV
Different types of Transmission Lines; Operation of Hydro Plants; Cost and Value of Power;
Example of Water Power development studies
TEXT BOOKS
Justin and Creager : Hydroelectric Handbook
Justin Joel D., Creager William P. and HINDS Julian : Engineering for Dams (3 Volumes)
Doland : Hydro-electric Engineering
Gathrie Brown: Hydro-electric Engineering Practice
Davies C. V: Handbook of Applied Hydraulics
Barrows: Water Power Engineering
WASTEWATER ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT-I
Wastewater Quantity Estimation, Variation in quantity of wastewater; Wastewater Collection
Systems: Sanitary, storm and combined sewerage systems, Quantities of sanitary wastes and
storm water, Design and analysis of wastewater conveyance system
UNIT-II
Wastewater Treatment headworks and preliminary treatments: Philosophy of treatment; Unit
operations and processes; Physical, chemical and biological methods; Domestic Wastewater
Treatment: Wastewater characteristics; Wastewater Treatment: Design of pre-treatment,
secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment, disposal systems, Wastewater disposal standards.
Physical Unit Processes: Screening; Commutation; Grit Removal; Equilization;
Sedimentation.
UNIT-III
Wastewater Microbiology: Microbial ecology and Growth kinetics; Types of
microorganisms; aerobic vs. anaerobic processes; Biological Unit Processes: Aerobic
treatment; Suspended growth biological process; Processes for BOD removal and
nitrification, denitrification, process of phosphorus removal, Biological treatment with
membrane separation, Suspended growth design principles and practices.
UNIT-IV
Secondary treatment by attached growth and hybrid biological processes, Secondary setting,
disinfection and postaeration. Tertiary treatment: chemical precipitation of phosphorus,
granular filtration, membrane filtration, carbon adsorption.
UNIT-V
Wastewater plant residuals management: sludge handling alternatives, sources and
characterization of solids and biosolids, management of solids, aerobic and anaerobic
digestion, sludge conditioning, dewatering, alternative disposal techniques, land application
of biosolids. Wastewater utilization and reuse.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sewage Disposal and Air pollution Engineering by S.K. Garg, (Environmental Engg.
Vol- II), Khanna publishers, New Delhi (2010).
2. Water and Wastewater Engineering : Design principles and practices by Mackenzie
L.Devis, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.
3. Environmental Engineering by Howard S. Peavy, Donald R. Rowe and George
Tchobanoglous, Mc Graw-Hill International Editions, New York (1985)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Water and Waste water Technology, Mark. J Hammer and Mark. J Hammer, Eastern
Economy Edition, PHI-Learning, New Delhi (2008)
2. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal & Reuse by Met Calf & Eddy, Tata
McGraw –Hill publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Environmental Engineering by Davis Cornvel, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.
(2000)
4. Water and waste water Engineering by G.M. Fair, J.C. Geyer, and Okum, John Wiley
& Sons, New York (1998)
5. Waste water Engineering by M.N Raoand A.K Dutta,, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
Ltd. (2000)
GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: Ground water utilization & historical background, ground water in
hydrologic cycle, ground water budget, ground water level fluctuations & environmental
influence, literature/ data/ internet resources.
OCCURRENCE AND MOVEMENT OF GROUND WATER: Origin & age of ground
water, rock properties affecting groundwater, groundwater column, zones of aeration &
saturation, aquifers and their characteristics/classification, groundwater basins & springs.
Darcy's Law, permeability & its determination, Dupuit assumptions, heterogeneity &
anisotropy, Ground water flow rates & flow directions, general flow equations through
porous media.
UNIT-II
ADVANCED WELL HYDRAULICS: Steady/ unsteady, uniform/ radial flow to a well in a
confined/ unconfined /leaky aquifer, well flow near aquifer boundaries/ for special
conditions. Partially penetrating/horizontal wells & multiple well systems, well completion/
development/ protection/ rehabilitation/ testing for yield.
UNIT-III
POLLUTION AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER: Municipal /industrial
/agricultural /miscellaneous sources & causes of pollution, attenuation/ underground
distribution / potential evaluation of pollution. Physical /chemical /biological analysis of
ground water quality, criteria & measures of ground water quality, ground water salinity &
samples, graphical representations of ground water quality.
SURFACE/ SUB-SURFACE INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER:Geological
/geophysical exploration/ remote sensing / electric resistivity /seismic refraction based
methods for surface investigation of ground water, test drilling & ground water level
measurement. Sub-surface ground water investigation though geophysical / resistivity
/spontaneous potential /radiation / temperature / caliper / fluid conductivity / fluid velocity
/miscellaneous logging
UNIT-IV
MODELING AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER: Ground water modeling
through porous media /analog / electric analog / digital computer models. Ground water basin
management concept, hydrologic equilibrium equation, ground water basin investigations,
data collection & field work, dynamic equilibrium in natural aquifers. Management potential
& safe yield of aquifers, stream-aquifer interaction
TEXT BOOKS:
1. D. K. Todd and L. F. Mays, "Groundwater Hydrology", John Wiley and sons.
2. K. R. Karanth, "Hydrogeology", TataMcGraw Hill Publishing Company.
3. S. Ramakrishnan, "Ground water", S. Ramakrishnan.
Geomatics in Water Resources Planning and Management Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT-I
Physics of remote sensing: Electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric effects, energy interaction
with earth surface features.
UNIT-II
Introduction, history of remote sensing, sensors, Photographic camera, scanners, earth
resources satellites, active and passive microwave sensors
UNIT-III
Image interpretation virtual and digital; Image rectification, image enhancement, image
classification and accuracy assessment, use of image processing software.
UNIT-IV
Geographical information system (GIS), definition, essential components of GIS, spatial data
structure- raster and vector, spatial and non-spatial relationship, geographic database concepts
and analysis, GIS packages and salient features.
UNIT-V
Use of remote sensing and GIS techniques in agriculture, vegetation cover mapping, crop
acreage estimation and disease detection. Application of remote sensing and GIS for
estimation of surface and groundwater irrigation potential, erosion hazard assessment, water
quality assessment, flood inundation mapping and modeling; Drought monitoring;
performance evaluation of irrigation commands; Selection of site for artificial recharge,
agricultural management and planning.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Colwell, R.N. (ed.), Manual of remote sensing, American Society of Photogrammetry
and Remote sensing, falls Church, VA, Sheridan Press, 1983.
2. Farsworth, R.K., Bawetl, E.C. & Dhanju, M.S., Application of remote sensing to
hydrology including groundwater, IHP, UNESCO, 1984.
3. Lillesand, T.M. and Kieffer, Remote sensing and image interpretation, Joh Wiley and
Sons, New York, 1987.
4. Meijerink, AMJ., De Brouner H.A.M., Mannerts, C.M. and Valenguala, C.,
Introduction to the use of geographic information system for practical hydrology,
ITC, Netherlands, 1994.
Modern Methods of Irrigation Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT-I
Introduction to micro irrigation systems, Sprinkler irrigation: an overview, types of systems,
system components, design objective, uniformity, Adequacy and efficiency of application
UNIT-II
Design of different types of sprinklers; Design of main, submain pipelines, laterals, laterals
with two pipe sizes manifold; Design of traveler sprinkler system, layout, hose selection, gun
sprinklers; Pump and power unit selection
UNIT-III
An introduction of trickle or drip irrigation, overview of types of system, various components
of trickle systems, clogging and filtration, system flushing and maintenance.
UNIT-IV
Trickle / drip irrigation planning factors, emitter selection and design criteria, Trickle system
design strategy and trickle lateral design.
UNIT-V
Trickle manifold design, trickle system design synthesis and pressurized irrigation system
selection. Performance evaluation of emission devices;
UNIT – VI
Salt movement under drip irrigation system; Automation of drip irrigation; Economic
feasibility of irrigation systems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Benami, A. and Often, A. 1983. Irrigation Engineering, Haifa Israel: Irrigation
Engineering Scientific
2. Cuenca, R.H. 1989. Irrigation System Design, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:
Princeton Hall.
3. Hillel, D. (Editor). 1982. Advances in Irrigation, New York. Academic Press.
4. Keller, J. and Bliesner, Ron D. 1990. Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation.
5. Michael, A.M. 1978. Irrigation Theory and Practices, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing
House.
6. Singh, A. 2012. Introduction to drip irrigation,
Open Channel Hydraulics Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT I
Introduction: Basic concepts of free surface flows, channel geometry, Kinds of open channel
flow, velocity and pressure distribution, mass, energy and momentum principle, energy-depth
relations: critical flow, critical depth, concept of specific energy, Computer Assisted
Calculations. Hydraulic Jump.
UNIT – II
Uniform Flow: Standard equations, velocity measurement, Manning’s and Chezy’ s formula,
determination of roughness coefficients, determination of normal depth and velocity,
hydraulically efficient channel sections, compound sections.
UNIT-III
Gradually Varied Flow: Equation of gradually varied flow and its limitations, flow
classification and surface profiles, Control sections, Computation methods and analysis:
Integration of varied flow equation by analytical, graphical and advanced numerical methods,
Transitions of subcritical and supercritical flow, flow in curved channels.
UNIT-VI
Three – Dimensional CFD Modeling for Open Channel Flows: Introduction, Governing
equation, Discretization of the Governing equations, boundary conditions, case study.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Chow, V.T., Open Channel Hydraulics. Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Ranga Raju, K.G., Flow through Open Channels.
3. Subramanya, K., Flow in open channels, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Sturm W. Terry, Open Channel Hydraulics, Tata McGraw Hill
Advanced River Engineering Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT I
Introduction to river Engineering, Stages of river, meanders, river training. Sediment
Transport Processes: Incipient motion of sediment particles; Regimes of flow; Resistance to
flow and velocity distribution in alluvial streams; transport of bed, suspended and total load.
UNIT II
River Morphology: Plan form variations and river channel pattern; Meandering and braided
stream characteristics; River equilibrium, river dynamics and adjustments to stream power.
UNIT III
River Training Techniques: Principles of Stabilization and rectification of rivers, river bank
stability analysis, spur / groyne, stream bank armouring, guide banks, submerged vanes,
porcupine and jack jetty systems, gabions; Bandalling, surface and bottom panels.
Inland Navigation Channel Development: Fairway dimensions and maintenance,
canalization, navigation locks and terminals.
UNIT IV
River Models: Mathematical modelling - types, mathematical formulation, numerical
procedures, calibration and validation;
Scale modelling – types, principles of similitude and dimensional analysis, model
verification, limitations.
UNIT V
Flood Management: Flood control planning, flood plain zoning and other non – structural
measures, use of satellite imagery and toposheets for DEM generation for flood plain zone
mapping.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Chow, V.T. (1959). Open Channel Hydraulics. McGraw-Hill, USA , 680 pages
[ISBN 07-010776-9]
2. Garde, R.J., Raju, K.G.R. (1985). Mechanics of Sediment
3. Yang, C.T. (1996). Sediment Transport: Theory and Practice. McGraw-Hill, USA,
396 pages [ISBN 0-07-912265-5]
4. Garde, R.J., Raju, K.G.R. (1985). Mechanics of Sediment Transportation and
Alluvial Stream Problems. (2nd edition) Wiley Eastern Ltd., 618 pages [ISBN 0-
85226-306-6]
5. Ashworth, P., Bennett, S., Best, J., McLelland, S. eds. (1996). Coherent Flow
Structures in Open Channels. John Wiley and Sons, 754 pages [ISBN 0-471-
95723-2]
Watershed Management Technique Credits 3(2 1 0)
UNIT-I
Watershed concept, Identification and characterization of watersheds. Hydrological and
geomorphological characteristics of watersheds. Analysis of watershed, Coding of watershed,
Land capability classification and soil maps.
UNIT-II
Watershed erosion processes and its prevention; instrumentation and measurement of
watershed management indicators. Mechanical and vegetative interventions for prevention of
erosion and moisture conservation in watersheds; water quality issues in watersheds; optimal
land use planning in watersheds. Management of saline and alkaline soils
UNIT-III
Use of GPS, GIS, RS and Decision Support Systems (DSS) in watershed management;
technologies for rain-fed farming; socio-economic evaluation of the watershed management
projects. Development of watershed management plans, its feasibility and economic
evaluation
UNIT-IV
Formulation of project proposal for watershed management works, Indigenous technical
knowledge (ITKs) in watershed management; watershed associations and groups in villages
of India; Government policies, acts and schemes on watershed management
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Tideman, EM. 1996. Watershed Management. Omega Scientific Publ.
2. Das, Ghanshyam 2009. Hydrology and Soil Conservation Engineering. PHI Learning
Private Limited.
3. Hall, W.A. and Dracup, J.A., Water resources systems engineering, Mc Graw Hill,
1970.
4. Hexem, R.W. and Heady E.O., Water production functions for irrigated agriculture,
Iowa State University Press, 1978.
5. James, L.D. & Robert, R. L., Economics of Water Resources Planning
6. Lee, S.M., Linear optimization for management, Petrocelli/ Charter, New York, 1976.
Isobel W Heathcote. 1998. Integrated Watershed Management: Principles and
Practice. Wiley Publ.
7. Kenneth N Brooks, Peter F Folliott, Hans M Gregersen, Leonard F DeBano. 1991.
Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds. Wiley-Blackwell
Climate Change and Its Impact on Water Resources Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT I
Introduction to weather and climate: Impact of climate on environment, earth, its atmospheric
cycle and its relation with climate; Basic concepts of atmospheric dynamics, ocean dynamics,
cloud physics, radiative heat transfer and climate, Green house gas and climate change
UNIT II
Past, Present and future climate changes., monsoon circulation, paleo-climatic approaches to
the reconstruction of monsoon circulation, emphasis on Indian monsoon, El-Nino, La-
Lina, IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole), NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), Arctic Oscillation,
Indian Summer Monsoon. Precipitation and temperature change due to climate variations.
UNIT III
Water bodies on the earth and their variations due to change of climate, Relations among
climate, vegetation and water, Ecological effect on freshwater systems- surface water, ground
water and glaciers; Agriculture; Marine environment; causes, human dimension- impact of
human settlement and infrastructure.
UNIT IV
Analysis for climatic change assessment, statistical analysis of long-term meteorological and
hydrological data; Trend analysis,Available climatic models such as GCM; Downscaling of
GCM to regional/local scales
UNIT V
Mitigation- Policy, regulation, economics, benefits and costs of mitigating climate change,
international cooperation.
TEST-BOOKS
1. Berry I.A. (Ed), Handbook of meteorology, Mc Graw Hill, NewYork, 1973.
2. Patterson, Dynamic meteorology and weather forecasting.
Flood Protection in lowland areas Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT I
Integrated lowland development and management planning
UNIT II
Low land catchment
River Restoration and flood protection
UNIT III
Flood vulnerability and Quantitative risk analysis of urban lowland area
UNIT IV
Lowland river terraces; Protecting and restoring natural character of watercourse and
wetlands; integrated flood storages and Landscape Restoration Scheme.
UNIT V
Damming tidal estuaries and low land rivers – probable maximum flood for lowland
UNIT VI
Natural disaster reduction in coastal lowland area: Shore land Hazard – Ocean Flooding.
UNIT VII
Hydraulic impact and performance of Lowland Rehabilitation
National flood insurance scheme.
Suggested Readings.
Resilience and flood risk management. A systems approach applied to lowland rivers. De
Bruijn, K.M. 2005. Delft University Press.
Quantitative risk analysis of urban flooding in lowland areas by Proefschrift, 1996.
Gildeprint Drukkerijen - Enschede, the Netherlands
Water Pollution and Control Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT-I
Definition: pure water, wholesome water, potable water, polluted water, effluent, Water
quality: sources and impacts of impurities, classification of water quality parameter
Standards: drinking water quality standards, effluent disposal standards, Surface water,
pollution: sources, Effects of Surface water pollution: physico-chemical, biological, toxic and
pathological, Ground water pollution: sources & effects, Consequences of overusing of
surface water & ground water.
Human impact on water resources : eutrophication, acidification, organic pollution, metal
speciation. Natural processes which will affect the composition of waters (weathering,
sedimentation, absorption, evaporation).
UNIT-II
Water Pollution control: Unit operations & unit processes, Primary treatment, secondary
treatment, advanced and tertiary Treatment, Water treatment units: Screens: principle,
classifications & design, considerations, Rapid mixers & flocculators: principle, types &
design considerations, Coagulation: Colloids, Characteristics of Colloids, Coagulation
Chemistry (Alum), types of coagulants, Sedimentation: principle, application, types of
sedimentation tank & design considerations, Filtration: principle, working, & design
considerations.
UNIT-III
Wastewater treatment units: Screens: principle, classifications & design considerations, Grit
chambers: principle, classifications & design considerations, Equalization tank: principle &
design considerations, Biological treatment: Aerobic treatment, Suspended growth: principle,
types of treatment(conventional, activated sludge process), Attached growth: principle, types
of treatment[trickling filter & Rotating Biological Contractor(RBC)], Anaerobic treatment,
Basics of anaerobic treatment, Classification of anaerobic reactors, Special water &
wastewater treatment: Softening: principle & application, Disinfection: principle &
application, Adsorption: principle & application.
UNIT-IV
Thermal pollution: Sources of thermal pollution, Effects of discharge of heat, Side effects of
thermal pollution, Measure of thermal pollution, Impacts of heat on living organisms,
Prevention & control of thermal pollution.
Oil pollution: Sources & consequences, Control of oil pollution
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Water and Wastewater Engineering : Design principles and practices by Mackenzie
L.Devis, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.
2. Water Supply Engineering by S.K. Garg, (Environmental Engg. Vol- I), Khanna
publishers, New Delhi (2010)
3. Environmental Engineering by Howard S. Peavy, Donald R. Rowe and George
Tchobanoglous, Mc Graw-Hill International Editions, NewYork (1985)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Water and Waste water Technology, Mark. J Hammer and Mark. J Hammer, Eastern
Economy Edition, PHI-Learning, New Delhi (2008)
2. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal & Reuse by Met Calf & Eddy, Tata
McGraw –Hill publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Environmental Engineering by Davis Cornvel, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.
(2000)
4. Water and waste water Engineering by G.M. Fair, J.C. Geyer, and Okum, John Wiley
& Sons, New York (1998)
5. Waste water Engineering by M.N Raoand A.K Dutta,, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
Ltd. (2000)
6. Water Pollution : Causes, Effects and Control by Goel, P.K., New Age International;
ISBN : 978-81-224-1839-2
Flood Forecasting and Disaster Management Credits 3 (2 1 0)
UNIT I
Definition of flood and flood index, Annual and inter annual variations of flood, Precipitation
pattern over the country. Indian Monsoons, agriculture and flood. Theory of flash flood
events
UNIT II
Flood Forecasting: Travel time, correlation, telemetry, gage and discharge forecasting. Flood
Management and Remote Sensing Applications: Flood control planning, Structural and non-
structural flood management measures. Flood plain mapping and zoning, use of satellite
imageries and topo-sheets for DEM generation for flood plain zone mapping.
UNIT III
Flood analysis, Flood routing in channels and reservoirs, Urban flooding and Management,
Use of SWMM modeling, River flooding-causes. Real-time flood warning and flood
forecasting, use of data driven models
Numerical models of flood propagation. HEC-RAS model, Economics of flood protection,
socio-political response of flood and flood protection
UNIT IV
Disaster management:, Disaster preparedness, decision making, Disaster mitigation measures,
Physical characteristics, geographic distribution, impact, response, and mitigation of natural
hazards such as earthquakes- tsunamis, volcanoes, tropical cyclones, floods, drought,
desertification, and deforestation. Risk analysis, Management for handling emergency
supplies and services, Disaster-response planning: roles and responsibilities, initial
emergency operations, emergency operations, emergency operations support and
management, and recovery and rehabilitation
TEXT BOOKS
1. Anderson, M.C., Burt, T.P. , 'Manual on flood forecasting', New Delhi, 1985.
2. Central Water Commission, 'Hydrological forecasting', John Willy and Sons, 1989.
3. WMO, 'Automatic collection and transmission of hydrological observations', Operational
Hydrology report no. 2, Geneva, Switzerland, 1973
Applied Hydrology Credits 3(2 1 0)
UNIT-I
Acquisition and Processing of Water Resources Data: Types of Water resources data, Data
Validation Acquisition and Processing of Meteorological and Hydrological Data,
Precipitation, Pan Evaporation, Temperature and Humidity, Wind speed, sunshine, Stream
Flow Data, Water quality data, Physical, chemical, biological and sediment data
UNIT-II
Parameter Estimation: Method of Moments for continuous and discrete system, Method of L-
moments, Method of Least Squares, Linear Regression: Goodness of regression, Multiple
Linear Regressions: Estimation of Regression Coefficients, Inference on regression
coefficients
UNIT-III
Frequency Analysis: Graphical Method, Analytical approach, normal, log normal, Pearson,
Log Pearson and Gumbel Distribution, Stream Flow Forecasting
UNIT-IV
Hydrographs: Base flow separation methods, direct runoff hydrographs, unit hydrographs,
synthetic unit hydrographs, dimensionless unit hydrographs, conceptual instantaneous unit
hydrographs (IUHs),
UNIT-V
Hydrologic System, Application of physical laws to fluid systems, Intrinsic and extrinsic
properties of fluid, Reynolds Transport Theorem, Continuity equation for watershed,
conceptual and dynamic models of runoff hydrograph: system models, Linear, non-linear and
time variance systems, properties and relationship in discrete units, conceptual models, Nash
model, determination of equations of moment, dynamic models.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Das, Ghanshyam 2009. Hydrology and Soil Conservation Engineering. PHI Learning
Private Limited.
2. Cunnane, C. Statistical distributions for flood frequency analysis, Operational
Hydrology report no. 33, world Meteorological organisation, Geneva, 1989.
3. Kottegoda, N.T., Stochastic water resources technology, John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
4. Salas, J.D., Delleur, J.W., Yevjevich, V. and Lane W.L., Applied modeling of
hydrologic time series, Water Resources Publications, Fort Collins, 1980.
5. Jain, S.K and Singh V P “Water Resources System Planning and Management”,
Elsevier
Water Law, Policies and Auditing Credits 3(2 1 0)
UNIT I
Water Law in India; An overview of water law in India - evolution of water law, key features
of water law, evolving water law and policy, water sector reforms, water law reforms, the
mosaic of water law.
UNIT II
National and International Framework for Water Law; Basic structure of water law -
International water law documents directly relevant in India, human right to water. Basic
topics of water law, including the fundamental right to water and the basic constitutional
scheme for determining the jurisdiction over water, from the local to the national level. Basic
principles and concepts of water law.
UNIT III
Government policies documents for drinking water in general and rural water supply. Policies
for urban drinking water supply and details of existing legislation as well as policy
documents proposing a new framework for water supply, to include a focus on cost recovery
and the involvement of the private sector.
UNIT IV
Water policy for Irrigation, decentralization and participation in irrigation management, and
the policy measures proposed to establish water user associations. National level initiatives
for regulation of groundwater, State groundwater laws and rainwater harvesting.
TEXT BOOKS
Water Law in Inda- An Introduction to Legal Instruments. 2011. Philippe Cullet and Sujith
Koonan Print ISBN-13: 9780198070818, Published to Oxford Scholarship Online:
September 2012
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