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COURSE HAND-OUT
B.TECH. - SEMESTER V
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 2
RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (RSET)
VISION
TO EVOLVE INTO A PREMIER TECHNOLOGICAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTION,
MOULDING EMINENT PROFESSIONALS WITH CREATIVE MINDS, INNOVATIVE
IDEAS AND SOUND PRACTICAL SKILL, AND TO SHAPE A FUTURE WHERE
TECHNOLOGY WORKS FOR THE ENRICHMENT OF MANKIND
MISSION
TO IMPART STATE-OF-THE-ART KNOWLEDGE TO INDIVIDUALS IN VARIOUS
TECHNOLOGICAL DISCIPLINES AND TO INCULCATE IN THEM A HIGH DEGREE
OF SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND HUMAN VALUES, THEREBY ENABLING
THEM TO FACE THE CHALLENGES OF LIFE WITH COURAGE AND CONVICTION
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 3
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(EC), RSET
VISION
TO EVOLVE INTO A CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, MOULDING PROFESSIONALS HAVING
INQUISITIVE, INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE MINDS WITH SOUND PRACTICAL
SKILLS WHO CAN STRIVE FOR THE BETTERMENT OF MANKIND
MISSION
TO IMPART STATE-OF-THE-ART KNOWLEDGE TO STUDENTS IN ELECTRONICS
AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AND TO INCULCATE IN THEM A HIGH
DEGREE OF SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND A SENSE OF HUMAN VALUES,
THEREBY ENABLING THEM TO FACE CHALLENGES WITH COURAGE AND
CONVICTION
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 4
B.TECH PROGRAMME
PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Graduates shall have sound knowledge of the fundamental and advanced concepts of
electronics and communication engineering to analyze, design, develop and
implement electronic systems or equipment.
2. Graduates shall apply their knowledge and skills in industrial, academic or research
career with creativity, commitment and social consciousness.
3. Graduates shall work in a team as a member or leader and adapt to the changes taking
place in their field through sustained learning.
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
Graduates will be able to
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, Engineering
fundamentals, and Electronics and Communication Engineering to the solution of
complex Engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex Engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and Engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex Engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
Engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The Engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional Engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
Engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and the need for sustainable developments.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the Engineering practice.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 5
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual,and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex Engineering activities with
the Engineering Community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
Engineering and management principles and apply these to one‟s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi disciplinary
environments.
12. Life -long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life- long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
Programme-Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
Engineering graduates will be able to:
1. demonstrate their skills in designing, implementing and testing analogue and digital
electronic circuits, including microprocessor systems, for signal processing,
communication, networking, VLSI and embedded systems applications;
2. apply their knowledge and skills to conduct experiments and develop applications
using electronic design automation (EDA)tools;
3. demonstrate a sense of professional ethics, recognize the importance of continued
learning, and be able to carry out their professional and entrepreneurial
responsibilities in electronics engineering field giving due consideration to
environment protection and sustainability.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 6
INDEX
1. Semester Plan 7
2. Scheme 8
3. Digital Signal Processing 9
3.1. Course Information Sheet 10
3.2. Course Plan 16
3.3. Sample Questions 19
4. Applied Electromagnetic Theory 22
4.1. Course Information Sheet 23
4.2. Course Plan 29
4.3. Sample Questions 31
5. Microprocessor & Microcontroller 45
5.1. Course Information Sheet 46
5.2. Course Plan 52
5.3. Sample Questions 54
6. Power Electronics & Instrumentation 57
6.1. Course Information Sheet 58
6.2. Course Plan 64
6.3. Sample Questions 66
7. Digital System Design 74
7.1. Course Information Sheet 75
7.2. Course Plan 80
7.3. Sample Questions 81
8. Biomedical Engineering 83
8.1 Course Information Sheet 84
8.2 Course Plan 89
8.3 Sample Questions 91
9. Soft Computing 95
9.1 Course Information Sheet 93
9.2 Course Plan 102
9.3 Sample Questions 105
10. Design Project 110
10.1 Course Information Sheet 111
10.2 Course Plan 115
11. Digital Signal Processing Lab 116
11.1 Course Information Sheet 117
11.2 Course Plan 124
11.3 Sample Questions 125
12. Power Electronics & Instrumentation Lab
12.1 Course Information Sheet
12.2 Course Plan
12.2 Sample Question
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 7
1.SEMESTER PLAN
2017 S5SemesterPlan 2017 KTU
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 8
2. SCHEME: B.TECH 5 th
SEMESTER
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Course
Code
Course Name L-T-P Credits Exam
Slot
EC301 Digital Signal Processing 3-1-0 4 A
EC 303 Applied Electromagnetic Theory 3-0-0 3 B
EC 305 Microprocessor & Microcontroller 3-0-0 3 C
EC 307 Power Electronics & Instrumentation 3-0-0 3 D
HS 300 Principles of Management 3-0-0 3 E
EC 361/
EC 363/
EC 365/
EC 360
Digital System Design /
Optimization Techniques/
Biomedical Engineering/
Soft Computing
3-0-0 3 F
EC 341 Design Project 0-1-2 2 S
EC 333 Digital Signal Processing Lab 0-0-3 1 T
EC 335 Power Electronics & Instrumentation
Lab
0-0-3 1 U
Total Credits = 23 Hours: 28
Cumulative Credits= 117
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 9
3
EC 301
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 10
3.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET-DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
PROGRAMME: UG PROGRAMME IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
DEGREE: B. TECH.
COURSE: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SEMESTER: 6
CREDITS: 4
COURSE CODE: EC 301
REGULATION : 2010
COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: SIGNAL
PROCESSING
CONTACT HOURS: 3 + 1 (Tutorial)
hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF
ANY): EC 333
LAB COURSE NAME: DIGITAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING LAB
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I The Discrete Fourier Transform: DFT as a linear transformation, Relationship
of the DFT to other transforms, IDFT.Properties of DFT and examples Circular
convolution. Linear Filtering methods based on the DFT- linear convolution
using circular convolution, overlap save and overlap add methods. Frequency
Analysis of Signals using the DFT.
11
II Computation of DFT: Radix-2 Decimation in Time and Decimation in
Frequency FFT Algorithms. IDFT computation using Radix -2 FFT
Algorithms. Efficient computation of DFT of Two Real Sequences and a 2N-
Point Real Sequence.
7
III Design of FIR Filters- Symmetric and Anti-symmetric FIR Filters.Design of
linear phase FIR Filters using Window methods (rectangular, Hamming and
Hanning) and frequency sampling Method.Comparison of Design Methods for
Linear Phase FIR Filters.
9
IV Design of IIR Digital Filters from Analog Filters (Butterworth). IIR Filter
Design by Impulse Invariance, and Bilinear Transformation. Frequency
Transformations in the Analog and Digital Domain.
9
V Block diagram and signal flow graph representations of filters. FIR Filter
Structures: (Linear structures), Direct Form, Cascade Form and Lattice
Structure. IIR Filter Structures: Direct Form, Transposed Form, Cascade Form
and Parallel Form. Computational Complexity of Digital filter structures.
Computer architecture for signal processing : Introduction to TMS320C67xx
digital signal processor.
9
VI Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing: Decimation and Interpolation (Time
domain and Frequency Domain Interpretation without proof). Finite word
length effects in DSP systems: Introduction (analysis not required), fixed-point
and floating-point DSP arithmetic, ADC quantization noise. Finite word length
effects in IIR digital filters: coefficient quantization errors. Finite word length
effects in IIR digital filters: coefficient quantization errors.Finite word length
9
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 11
effects in FFT algorithms: Round off errors.
TOTAL HOURS 54
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
1. Oppenheim A. V., Schafer R. W. and Buck J. R., Discrete Time Signal Processing, 3/e,
Prentice Hall, 2007.
2. Proakis J. G. andManolakis D. G., Digital Signal Processing, 4/e, Pearson Education, 2007.
3. Lyons, Richard G., Understanding Digital Signal Processing, 3/e. Pearson Education India,
2004.
4. Ifeachor E.C. and Jervis B. W., Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach, 2/e,
Pearson Education, 2009.
5. Mitra S. K., Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach, 4/e McGraw Hill
(India), 2014.
6. Salivahanan, Digital Signal Processing,3e, McGraw –Hill Education New Delhi, 2014
(Smart book)
7. Chassaing, Rulph., DSP applications using C and the TMS320C6x DSK. Vol. 13. John
Wiley & Sons, 2003.
8. NagoorKani, Digital Signal Processing, 2e, McGraw –Hill Education New Delhi, 2013 7
9. Singh A., Srinivasan S., Digital Signal Processing: Implementation Using DSP
Microprocessors, Cenage Learning, 2012.
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
COURSE
CODE
COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC 202 SIGNALS AND
SYSTEMS
Analysis of continuous time and discrete time
signals and systems
4
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION
1 To provide an understanding of Digital Signal Processing principles, algorithms and
applications.
2 To study the design techniques for digital filters.
3 To give an understanding of Multi-rate Signal Processing and its applications.
4 To introduce the architecture of DSP processors.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 12
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION
1 The students will understand the fundamentals of discrete time signals, systems and their
properties.
2 The students will understand various finite word length effects in digital filters.
3. The students will be able to design an analogbutterworth IIR filter.
4. The students will be able to design a digital FIR filter using window technique.
5.
The students will understand the basics of Discrete Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier
Transform.
CO-PO-PSO MAPPING:
CO
No.
Programme Outcomes (POs)
Programme-
specific Outcomes
(PSOs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
1 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 3 3 1
2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 1
4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 1
5 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 1
EC
301 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 1
JUSTIFICATION FOR CO-PO MAPPING
MAPPING LEVEL JUSTIFICATION
EC 301.1-PO1 3 Representation of signals and systems and their properties require
mathematical background
EC 301.1-PO2 3 Representation of signals and systems and their properties require
mathematical background
EC 301.1-PO3 3 Design of systems with minimum hardware
EC 301.1-PO4 2 Sampling of data
EC 301.1-PO5 3 Simulation using Matlab
EC 301.1-PO6 3 Signals are useful for a wide range of day to day applications
EC 301.1-PO9 2 Micro Project
EC 301.1-
PO10 1 Seminar
EC 301.2-PO1 3 Analysis of system transfer function.
EC 301.2-PO2 3 Analysis of system transfer function.
EC 301.2-PO3 3 Design of analog IIR filter
EC 301.2-PO4 3 Decomposition of transfer functions
EC 301.2-PO5 3 Simulation using Matlab
EC 301.2-PO6 3 Signals are useful for a wide range of day to day applications
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 13
EC 301.2-PO9 2 Micro Project
EC 301.2-
PO10 1
Seminar
EC 301.3-PO1 3 IIR filter design equations
EC 301.3-PO2 3 Obtain the filter specifications such as order and cut-off frequency
EC 301.3-PO3 3 FIR Filter design using windows
EC 301.3-PO4 3 Use of different transformation techniques
EC 301.3-PO5 3 Simulation using Matlab
EC 301.3-PO6 3 Signals are useful for a wide range of day to day applications
EC 301.3-PO9 2 Micro Project
EC 301.3-
PO10 1
Seminar
EC 301.4-PO1 3 FIR filter equations and derivations
EC 301.4-PO2 3 Different methods for FIR filter design
EC 301.4-PO3 3 Use of overlap save and add methods
EC 301.4-PO4 3 Identify drawbacks of commonly used window functions
EC 301.4-PO5 3 Simulation using Matlab
EC 301.4-PO6 3 Signals are useful for a wide range of day to day applications
EC 301.4-PO9 2 Micro Project
EC 301.4-
PO10 1
Seminar
EC 301.5-PO1 3 DFT/FFT calculations
EC 301.5-PO2 3 The convolution of real time signals are performed using segmented
methods.
EC 301.5-PO3 3 Design of systems with minimum hardware
EC 301.5-PO4 3 Use of overlap save and add methods
EC 301.5-PO5 3 Simulation using Matlab
EC 301.5-PO6 3 Signals are useful for a wide range of day to day applications
EC 301.5-PO9 2 Micro Project
EC 301.5-
PO10 1
Seminar
JUSTIFICATION FOR CO-PSO MAPPING
MAPPING LEVEL JUSTIFICATION
EC 301.1-
PSO1
1 Representation of physical quantity using differential and difference
equation
EC 301.1-
PSO2
2 Signal representation and simulation using Matlab
EC 301.1-
PSO3
3 Assignments and Seminar
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 14
EC 301.2-
PSO1
3 Implementation of minimum phase and all pass systems
EC 301.2-
PSO2
3 Transfer function implementation using Matlab
EC 301.2-
PSO3
1 Assignments and Seminar
EC 301.3-
PSO1
3 Implementation & Design of IIR filter
EC 301.3-
PSO2
3 IIR filter Transfer function implementation using Matlab
EC602.3-
PSO3
1 Assignments and Seminar
EC 301.4-
PSO1
3 Implementation & Design of FIR filter
EC 301.4-
PSO2
3 FIR filter Transfer function implementation using Matlab
EC 301.4-
PSO3
1 Assignments and Seminar
EC 301.5-
PSO1
3 Implementation & Design of DFT using FFT methods
EC 301.5-
PSO2
3 DIT and DIF-FFT implementation using Matlab
EC 301.5-
PSO3
1 Assignments and Seminar
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION PROPOSED ACTIONS PO MAPPING
1 Matlab Simulations are not
included in the syllabus
One day course on Matlab is
conducted so that the students will
get the feel of what has happened in
the class
1,2,3,4,5
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY
VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION PO MAPPING
1 MATLAB introduction 1,2,3,4,5
2 Advanced applications 1,2,3,4,5,6,10
3 Performance and analyses of systems 2,3,4,5
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS TOPICS:
Sl. DESCRIPTION PO MAPPING
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 15
No.
1 Filter Design and Analysis 1,2,3,4,5,6
2 Window Design and Analysis 2,3,4,5
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION
1 http:// www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/
2 http:// www.slideshare.net
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
CHALK & TALK STUD.
ASSIGNMENT
WEB
RESOURCES
LCD/SMART
BOARDS
STUD.
SEMINARS
ADD-ON
COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
ASSIGNMENTS STUD.
SEMINARS
TESTS/MODEL
EXAMS
UNIV.
EXAMINATION
STUD. LAB
PRACTICES
STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS
CERTIFICATIONS
ADD-ON
COURSES
OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
FACULTY (TWICE)
ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS
OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by:
Sreekumar G HOD-
ECE
Naveen N
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 16
3.2 COURSE PLAN
Module I Topic
1 Introduction to D.S.P.
2 Discrete Fourier Transform
3 Tutorial - Numerical Examples
4 DFT using Twiddle Factor
5 Properties of DFT
6 Circular Convolution
7 Overlap save/add methods
8 Tutorial - Numerical Examples
Module II Topic
1 FFT – Fast Fourier Transforms
2 Decimation in Time (DIT – FFT)
3 Tutorial - Numerical Examples
4 Decimation in Time (DIF – FFT)
5 Tutorial - Numerical Examples
6 IDFT, DFT to Z-Transform
7 Application of FFT Algorithm
8 Tutorial Class
9 Class Test
Module III Topic
1 Introduction to Filters – FIR, IIR.
2 FIR filter structure – Direct , Cascade
3. FIR filter structure – Lattice Form
4 IIR filter structure – Direct Form I and II
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 17
5 IIR filter structure – Cascade and Parallel
6 Tutorial Class
7 IIR filter structure – Transposed Form
8 Tutorial Class
9 Computational Complexity of Digital filter structures
10 Computer architecture for signal processing : Introduction to TMS320C67xx
digital signal processor
Module IV Topic
1 Design of FIR Filters- Symmetric and Anti-symmetric FIR Filters
2 Design of linear phase FIR Filters using Window methods - Rectangular
3 Design of linear phase FIR Filters using Window methods - Hamming and
Hanning.
4 Tutorial Class
5 Design of linear phase FIR Filters using frequency sampling Method
6 Comparison of Design Methods for Linear Phase FIR Filters
7 Tutorial Class
Module V Topic
1 Design of IIR Digital Filters from Analog Filters (Butterworth) – LP
Design of IIR Digital Filters from Analog Filters (Butterworth) – HP, BP and BR
2 IIR Filter Design by Impulse Invariance.
3 IIR Filter Design by Bilinear Transformation
4 Tutorial Class
5 Frequency Transformations in the Analog and Digital Domain
6 Class Test
Module VI Topic
1 Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing: Introduction
2 Decimation and Interpolation (Time domain and Frequency Domain
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 18
Interpretation without proof)
3 Finite word length effects in DSP systems: Introduction
4 Fixed-point and floating-point DSP arithmetic
5 ADC quantization noise
6 Finite word length effects in IIR digital filters: coefficient quantization errors
7 Finite word length effects in FFT algorithms: Round off errors
8 Tutorial Class
9 Class Test
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 19
3.3 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Module-1
1. Compare overlap-add method and overlap-save method.
2. State and prove any three properties of DFT.
3. Derive the relationship between impulse response and frequency response of a discrete
time system.
4. What is BIBO stability? What are the conditions for BIBO system?
5. Explain the frequency analysis of signals using DFT?
Module-2
1. Compute the DFT of the sequence x(n) = sin(nπ/4), where N=8 using DIT FFT algorithm.
2. Compute the DFT of the sequence x(n) = sin(nπ/4), where N=8 using DIF FFT algorithm.
3. Compute the DFT of the sequence x(n) = (8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0) using FFT algorithm.
4. Show that DIT algorithm is the transpose of DIF algorithm.
5. Show that using a single DFT calculation how can we obtain the DFT of two sequences.
Module-3
1. Plot the location of zeros for linear phase FIR filters for different cases.
2. Write the transfer function and sketch the frequency response of an N-point rectangular
window.
3. State clearly the principle of designing FIR filter using windows.
4. Compare FIR and IIR filters.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 20
5. What are the conditions for a digital filter to be causal and stable?
6. What are the advantages of window method of designing FIR filters?
7. Compare Fourier series and Windows method of designing FIR filters.
8. What is the necessary and sufficient condition for linear phase characteristic in FIR filter?
Module-4
1. Design a FIR filter approximating the ideal frequency response.
Hd(ejw) = e-jwfor /w/ ≤ π/6
= 0 for π/6 ≤ /w/ ≤ π
2. Design an ideal high pass filter with a desired frequency response.
3. Hd(ejw) = 1 for π/4 ≤ /w/ ≤ π
= 0 for /w/ ≤ π/4
Take N=11. Use Hamming window and plot the magnitude response.
4. Design an ideal Hilbert Transformer having the frequency response.
Hd(ejw) = j for -π ≤ w ≤ 0
= -j for 0 ≤ w ≤ π
Use Blackman window. Take N=11.
5. Using rectangular window design a LPF with a pass band of unity, cut off frequency
1000 Hz and working at a sampling frequency of 5 kHz. The length of
impulse response is 7.
Module-5
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 21
1. Obtain the direct and cascade form realization of H(z) = 1 + 5/2z-1 + 2z-2+ 2z-3.
2. An FIR filter is given by difference equation y(n) = 2x(n) + 4/5x(n-1) +
3. 3/2x(n-2) + 2/3x(n-3).Determine the lattice structure.
4. Realise the following FIR filter in direct form, cascade form and lattice structure.
a. H(z) = 1 + 2z-1 + 1/2z-2– 1/2z-3 – 1/2z-4.
5. Explain the architecture of TMS320C67xx
Module-6
1. Compare fixed point and floating point numbers.
2. What are the different types of quantization errors?
3. What is meant by limit cycle oscillations?
4. Output signal of an ADC is passed through a first order LPF with transfer function
given by H[z] = z(1-a)/(z-a) for 0<a<1.Find the steady state output noise power due to
quantization at output of digital filter.
5. Draw the quantization noise model for a second order system
H[z] =1/(1-0.9z-1+0.2z-2 ) and find the steady state output noise variance for a) cascade
realization b) direct form realization.Use b = 3 bits.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 22
4
EC 303
APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 23
4.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: U.G. DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SEMESTER: S5 CREDITS: 3
COURSE CODE: EC303 REGULATION:
2015
COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:
COMMUNICATION
CONTACT HOURS: 4 hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE
(IF ANY):
LAB COURSE NAME:
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I Review of vector analysis: Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical co-ordinates
systems- Coordinate transformations.
Vector fields: Divergence and curl- Divergence theorem-Stoke‟s theorem.
Electric field – Application of Coulomb‟s law, Gauss law and Amperes
current law (proof not required, simple problems only)
Poisson and Laplace equations (proof not required, simple problems only),
Determination of E and V using Laplace equation.
Derivation of capacitance and inductance of two wire transmission line and
coaxial cable. Energy stored in Electric and Magnetic field.
Displacement current density, continuity equation. Magnetic vector potential.
Relation between scalar potential and vector potential.
8
II Maxwell‟s equation from fundamental laws.
Boundary condition of electric field and magnetic field from Maxwell's
equations.
Solution of wave equation
Propagation of plane EM wave in perfect dielectric, lossy medium, good
conductor, media-attenuation, phase velocity, group velocity, skin depth.
6
III Reflection and refraction of plane electromagnetic waves at boundaries for
normal & oblique incidence (parallel and perpendicular polarization), Snell‟s
law of refraction, Brewster angle.
Power density of EM wave, Poynting vector theorem, Complex Poynting
vector.
Polarization of electromagnetic wave-linear, circular and elliptical
polarisation.
9
IV Uniform lossless transmission line - line parameters
Transmission line equations, Voltage and Current distribution of a line
terminated with load
Reflection coefficient and VSWR. Derivation of input impedance of
transmission line.
5
V Transmission line as circuit elements (L and C).
Half wave and quarter wave transmission lines.
Development of Smith chart - calculation of line impedance and VSWR using
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 24
smith chart.
Single stub matching (Smith chart and analytical method).
7
VI Parallel-Plate Waveguide - TE & TM waves.
The hollow rectangular wave guide – modes of propagation of wave-
dominant mode, group velocity and phase velocity -derivation and simple
problems only.
Attenuation in wave guides, guide wavelength and impedance -derivation and
simple problems only.
7
TOTAL HOURS 42
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T Mathew N O Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, Oxford University Press, 6/e, 2014.
T William, H., JfHayt, and John A. Buck. Engineering Electromagnetics. McGraw-Hill, 8/e
McGraw-Hill, 2014.
T John D. Kraus, Electromagnetics, 5/e, TMH, 2010.
R Joseph A Edminister , Electromagnetics, Schaum„s Outline Series McGraw Hill, 4/e, 1995
R NannapaneniNarayanaRao, Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, Pearson, 6/e, 2006.
R Umran S. Inan and Aziz S. Inan, Engineering Electromagnetics, Pearson, 2010.
R Martin A Plonus, Applied Electromagnetics, McGraw Hill, 2/e,1978.
R Jordan and Balmain , Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems, PHI, 2/e,2013
R Matthew N.O. Sadiku& S.V. Kulkarni "„Principles of Electromagnetics‟, Oxford
University Press Inc. Sixth Edition, Asian Edition,2015
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME
MA201 Linear Algebra & Complex Analysis
MA 101 Calculus
MA 102 Differential equations
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To introduce basic mathematical concepts related to electromagnetic vector fields.
2 To impart knowledge on the basic concepts of electric and magnetic fields
3 To develop a solid foundation in the analysis and application of electromagnetic fields,
Maxwell‟s equations and Poynting theorem.
4 To understand, analyse and evaluate the propagation of EM waves in Transmission lines
5 To understand, analyse and evaluate the propagation of EM waves in Wave guides and
resonators
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 25
1 Apply vector calculus to understand the behavior of static electric fields in standard
configurations.
2 Apply vector calculus to understand the behaviour of static magnetic fields in standard
configurations.
3 Describe and analyze electromagnetic wave propagation in free-space.
4 Describe and analyze electromagnetic wave propagation in transmission lines.
5 Describe and analyze electromagnetic wave propagation in waveguides.
CO-PO-PSO MAPPING:
CO
No.
Programme Outcomes (POs)
Programme-
specific Outcomes
(PSOs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
1 3 2 - 2 - - - - - - - 2 1 - -
2 3 2 - 2 - - - - - - - 2 1 - -
3 2 3 1 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 1 1 -
4 2 3 1 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 1 1 -
5 2 3 1 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 1 1 -
BE10
3
2.
4
2.
6 1 1.4 - 1 - - - - - 2 1 0.6 -
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO6 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
C
O
1
Students will
acquire the
knowledge of
vector
calculus and
apply this
knowledge to
understand
electric fields
and solve
problems
Solving
problems
using vector
calculus
analysis
and
interpretati
on of
Electrostat
ic effects
ability to
engage in
independe
nt and life-
long
learning in
the
broadest
context of
technologi
cal change
demons
trate
their
skills in
designi
ng,
implem
enting
EM
field
based
applicat
ions
C
O
2
Students will
acquire the
knowledge of
vector
calculus and
apply this
knowledge to
understand
magnetic
fields and
solve
Solving
problems
using vector
calculus
analysis
and
interpretati
on of
Magnetost
atic effects
ability to
engage in
independe
nt and life-
long
learning in
the
broadest
context of
technologi
cal change
demons
trate
their
skills in
designi
ng,
implem
enting
EM
field
based
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 26
problems applicat
ions
C
O
3
Students will
acquire the
knowledge of
vector
calculus and
apply this
knowledge to
understand
electromagne
tic wave
propagation
in free-space
and solve
problems
Solving
problems on
electromagn
etic wave
propagation
in free-
space
Develop
solution
envolvin
g EM
wave
propagati
on in free
space
Conduct
investigati
on on
electroma
gnetic
wave
propagatio
n in free-
space
Appl
y the
kno
wled
ge in
EM
wav
e
prop
agati
on in
free
spac
e for
in
com
muni
catio
n
scen
arios
ability to
engage in
independe
nt and life-
long
learning in
the
broadest
context of
technologi
cal change
demons
trate
their
skills in
designi
ng,
implem
enting
EM
field
based
applicat
ions
apply
their
knowle
dge
and
skills
to
conduc
t
experi
ments
and
develo
p
applica
tions
using
electro
nic
design
automa
tion
(EDA)t
ools
C
O
4
Students will
acquire the
knowledge of
vector
calculus and
apply this
knowledge to
understand
electromagne
tic wave
propagation
in
transmission
lines and
solve
problems
Solving
problems on
electromagn
etic wave
propagation
in
transmissio
n lines
Develop
solution
envolvin
g EM
wave
propagati
on in
transmiss
ion lines
Conduct
investigati
on on EM
wave
propagatio
n in
transmissi
on lines
Appl
y the
kno
wled
ge in
EM
wav
e
prop
agati
on in
trans
miss
ion
lines
for
in
com
muni
catio
n
scen
arios
ability to
engage in
independe
nt and life-
long
learning in
the
broadest
context of
technologi
cal change
demons
trate
their
skills in
designi
ng,
implem
enting
EM
field
based
applicat
ions
apply
their
knowle
dge
and
skills
to
conduc
t
experi
ments
and
develo
p
applica
tions
using
electro
nic
design
automa
tion
(EDA)t
ools
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 27
C
O
5
Students will
acquire the
knowledge of
vector
calculus and
apply this
knowledge to
understand
electromagne
tic wave
propagation
in
waveguides
and
resonators
and solve
problems
Solving
problems on
electromagn
etic wave
propagation
in
waveguides
and
resonators
Develop
solution
envolvin
g EM
wave
propagati
on in
wavegui
des
Conduct
investigati
on on EM
wave
propagatio
n in
waveguide
s
Appl
y the
kno
wled
ge in
EM
wav
e
prop
agati
on in
free
spac
e in
wav
egui
des
ability to
engage in
independe
nt and life-
long
learning in
the
broadest
context of
technologi
cal change
demons
trate
their
skills in
designi
ng,
implem
enting
EM
field
based
applicat
ions
apply
their
knowle
dge
and
skills
to
conduc
t
experi
ments
and
develo
p
applica
tions
using
electro
nic
design
automa
tion
(EDA)t
ools
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Simulate wave propagation in waveguides using
ANSYS High Frequency Software
demonstration using simulation
tool HFSS
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY
VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Introduction to Numerical Electromagnetics
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/115101005/
2 http://www.scribd.com/collections/3218090/electromagnetics
3 http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-001-electromagnetic-fields-and-energy-spring-2008/
4 http://www.transmission-line.net/search/label/Electromagnetics
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
CHALK & TALK STUD. WEB
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 28
ASSIGNMENT RESOURCES
LCD/SMART
BOARDS
STUD.
SEMINARS
ADD-ON
COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
ASSIGNMENTS STUD.
SEMINARS
TESTS/MODEL
EXAMS
UNIV.
EXAMINATION
STUD. LAB
PRACTICES
STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS
CERTIFICATIONS
ADD-ON
COURSES
OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
FACULTY (TWICE)
ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS
OTHERS
Prepared by Approved By
Dr.Deepti Das Krishna, Dr.Jobin K Antony
Mr.Jaison Jacob (HOD)
(Faculty in charge)s
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 29
4.2 COURSE PLAN
SL NO
Module
No Topic
1 1 Review of vector calculus,
2 1 Spherical and Cylindrical coordinate system,
Coordinate transformation
3 1 Curl, Divergence,
4 1 Gradient in spherical and cylindrical coordinate
system.
5 1 Electric field – Application of Coulomb‟s law,
Gauss law
6 1 Amperes current law
7 1 Poisson and Laplace equations, Determination
of E and V using Laplace equation
8 1 Derivation of capacitance and inductance of two
wire transmission line and coaxial cable.
9 1 Energy stored in Electric and Magnetic field.
10 1 Displacement current density, continuity
equation
11 1 Magnetic vector potential.
12 1 Relation between scalar potential and vector
potential.
13 2 Maxwell‟s equation from fundamental laws-1
14 2 Maxwell‟s equation from fundamental laws.-1
15 2 Boundary condition of electric field from
Maxwell's equations
16 2 Boundary condition of magnetic field from
Maxwell's equations
17 2 Solution of wave equation
18 2 Propagation of plane EM wave in perfect
dielectric,
19 2 Propagation of plane EM wave in lossy medium,
good conductor,
20 2 media-attenuation,
21 2 Phase velocity
22 2 Group velocity, skin depth.
23 2
Reflection of plane electromagnetic waves at
boundaries for normal & oblique incidence
(parallel and perpendicular polarization)-1
24 3
Reflection of plane electromagnetic waves at
boundaries for normal & oblique incidence
(parallel and perpendicular polarization)-2
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 30
25 3
Refraction of plane electromagnetic waves at
boundaries for normal & oblique incidence
(parallel and perpendicular polarization)
26 3 Snell‟s law of refraction, Brewster angle.
27 3 Power density of EM wave,
28 3 Poynting vector theorem,
29 3 Complex Poynting vector.
30 3 Polarization of electromagnetic wave-
31 3 linear, circular and elliptical polarisation.
32 4 Uniform lossless transmission line - line
parameters
33 4 Transmission line equations,
34 4 Voltage and Current distribution of a line
terminated with load
35 3 Reflection coefficient and VSWR.
36 4 Derivation of input impedance of transmission
line.
37 5 Transmission line as circuit elements (L and C)-
1
38 5 Transmission line as circuit elements (L and C)-
2
39 5 Half wave and quarter wave transmission lines
40 5 Development of Smith chart -
41 5 calculation of line impedance and VSWR using
smith chart.
42 5 Single stub matching
43 1 Smith chart and analytical method
44 6 Parallel-Plate Waveguide - TE & TM waves.
45 6 The hollow rectangular wave guide
46 6 modes of propagation of wave
47 6 dominant mode, group velocity and phase
velocity
48 6 Attenuation in wave guides,
49 6 guide wavelength and impedance
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 31
4.3 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. State Coulomb‟s law.
2. State Gauss‟s law.
3. Define electric flux and flux density.
4. Define electric field intensity or electric field.
5. What is a point charge?
6. Write the Poisson‟s and Laplace equation.
7. Define potential and potential difference.
8. Give the relationship between potential gradient and electric field.
9. Define current density.
10. State point form of Ohm‟s law.
11. Define polarization.
12. Express the value of capacitance for a coaxial cable.
13. What is meant by displacement current?
14. State the boundary conditions at the interface between two perfect dielectrics.
15. Write down the expression for the capacitance between (a) two parallel plates (b) two
coaxial cylinders.
16. Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor having an electrode area of 100
cm2. The distance between the electrodes is 3 mm and the dielectric used has a
permittivity of 3.6 the applied potential is 80 V. Also compute the charge on the plates.
17. An infinite line charge charged uniformly with a line charge density of 20 n C/m is
located along z-axis. Find E at (6, 8, 3) m.
18. Derive an expression for energy density in electrostatic fields
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 32
19. Derive the expression for electric field intensity due to a circular surface charge.
20. State Ampere‟s circuital law.
21. State Biot-Savart law.
22. State Lorenz law of force.
23. Define Magnetic scalar potential.
24. Write down the equation for general, Integral and point form of Ampere‟s law.
25. What is field due to toroid and solenoid?
26. Define magnetic flux density.
27. Write down the magnetic boundary conditions.
28. State Gauss‟s law for magnetic field.
29. What is the inductance per unit length of a long solenoid of N turns and having a length L
meters? Assume that its carries a current of I amps.
30. Derive an expression for the force between two current carrying wires. Assume that the
currents are in the same direction.
31. Obtain an expression for the magnetic field around long straight wire using magnetic
vector potential.
32. Obtain an expression for the magnetic flux density and field intensity due to finite long
current carrying conductor.
33. Derive the expression for magnetic field intensity on the axis of solenoid at a) center and
b) end point of the solenoid.
34. Derive an expression for the inductance of solenoid and toroid.
35. Derive an expression for the inductance per meter length of two wire transmission lines.
36. Obtain the expression for energy stored in magnetic field and also derive an expression
for magnetic energy density.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 33
37. Derive and expression for self-inductance of co-axial cable of inner radius a and outer
radius radius b.
38. An air coaxial transmission line has a solid inner conductor of radius „a‟ and very thin
outer conductor of inner radius „b‟. Determine the inductance per unit length of the line.
39. State Faraday‟s law of electromagnetic induction.
40. Define self-inductance.
41. Define mutual inductance.
42. Give the expression for inductance of a solenoid.
43. Give the expression for inductance of a toroid.
44. What is energy density in the magnetic field?
45. Distinguish between solenoid and toroid.
46. Write down the general, integral and point form of Faraday‟s law.
47. Compare the energy stored in inductor and capacitor.
48. State Lenz‟s law.
49. Define magnetic flux.
50. Write the Maxwell‟s equations from Ampere‟s law both in integral and point forms.
51. Write the Maxwell‟s equations from Faraday‟s law both in integral and point forms.
52. Write the Maxwell‟s equations for free space in point form.
53. Write the Maxwell‟s equations for free space in integral form.
54. Define a wave.
55. Mention the properties of uniform plane wave.
56. Define intrinsic impedance or characteristic impedance.
57. Calculate the characteristics impedance of free space.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 34
58. Define propagation constant.
59. Define skin depth.
60. Define polarization.
61. Define linear polarization.
62. Define Elliptical polarization.
63. Define pointing vector.
64. What is complex poynting vector?
65. State poynting theorem.
66. State Snell‟s law.
67. What is Brewster angle?
68. Write the wave equation in a conducting medium.
69. Compare conduction and displacement current
70. From fundamentals, obtain the expression for capacitance of a two wire transmission line
71. Explain the propagation of em waves in lossy dielectrics
72. State and explain divergence theorem
73. Explain the following, vector magnetic potential and Helmholtz equation
74. Obtain Maxwell‟s equation in integral and differential form
75. Calculate the propagation constant and wave velocity for a conducting medium in which
σ=58MS/m, =1 at 100 MHz
76. Find the frequency at which conduction and displacement current densities are equal in
material for which σ=2 x 10-4mho/m, and εr=81
77. Explain the terms electric field intensity and electric potential
78. Derive an expression to obtain the capacitance of isolated sphere
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 35
79. State and explain Biot-Savart‟s law
80. Obtain the retarded form of scalar and vector potential
81. Write the Maxwell‟s equation in differential form
82. State Stock‟s theorem
83. Define displacement current
84. Obtain the expression for the capacitance of a two parallel wire transmission line
85. Find the frequency at which conduction and displacement current densities are equal in
material for which σ=2 x 10-4mho/m, and εr=80
86. Find the potential in the far field for the linear quadruple having three point charges
located on the z-axis. Assume charges z=0, -Q at Z=a and –Q at z=-a.
87. The magnetic vector potential is A
weber/mt. Find the magnetic vector
density.
88. Find the magnetic field intensity at the center of a square of sides equal to 6 mt and
carrying a current equal to 12 A.
89. Obtain the relationship between electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity for
uniform plane wave
90. For silver the conductivity is σ=3.1 X 10-6 s/m. At what frequency will the depth of
penetration be 1 mm?
91. What is wave polarization? Explain different type of polarization
92. Obtain the relationship between E and H for uniform plane wave
93. Explain divergence theorem in electric field
94. Define the term depth penetration and its practical significance
95. A charge of uniform density ρs=0.3 n C/m2 covers the plane 2x-3y+z=0. Find
96. What is displacement current? Derive the current continuity equation
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 36
97. Explain dielectric polarization.
98. What is the electric field intensity and current density corresponds to a drift velocity of
6×10-4 m/s in silver (σ = 61.7 Ms/m, µ = 5.6×10-3 m2/ V. s)
99. Derive the equation of continuity for current.
100. Find the magnitude of D and P for a dielectric material in which E=0.15 M V/m and
electric susceptibility is 4.25.
101. Derive the expression for capacitance of isolated sphere coated with dielectric.
102. Obtain an expression for the energy stored in the electrostatic field.
103. If V = 5 xy/z volts, calculate the energy stored in a capacitor if 0<x<4 cm.,0<y<2.5 cm,
and 0<z<0.5 cm.
104. Three parallel plates are separated by 5mm, 4mm and 2mm. and filled with εr = 2, 4, 5
respectively. If the area of the plates are 10 cm2, calculate the effective capacitance.
105. Obtain the expression for capacitance between two spherical shells of radius a and b.
106. Free space occupies region I (z<0) and a dielectric medium εr = 3ε0 occupies region II
(z>0). At the boundary z=0, the surface charge density is zero. Given that DI = 3ax + 4ay
+3az. find DII , EII and EI.
107. Find the capacitance between two spherical shells of a radius a separated by a distance
d>>a.
108. What is the boundary condition for electrostatic potential at an interface between two
different dielectric media?
109. A cylindrical capacitor consists of an inner conductor of radius a and outer conductor
whose inner radius is b. The space between the conductors is filled with a dielectric of
permittivity ε and length of the capacitor is L. Determine the capacitance of this capacitor.
110. What is the boundary condition for electrostatic potential at an interface between two
different dielectric media?
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 37
111. A cylindrical capacitor consists of an inner conductor of radius a and outer conductor
whose inner radius is b. The space between the conductors is filled with a dielectric of
permittivity ε and length of the capacitor is L. Determine the capacitance of this capacitor.
112. Derive Maxwell‟s equations in integral and differential forms.
113. State and explain BiotSavart‟s law.
114. State and explain stokes theorem.
115. Define vector magnetic potential. What is the SI units.
116. Define self and mutual inductance.
117. What are the conditions for field continuity at boundary surfaces, in the case of electric
field.
118. An infinitely long, straight conductor with circular cross section of radius of ‟b‟ carries a
steady current I. Determine the magnetic flux density both inside and outside the
conductor.
119. State and explain Ampere‟s circuital law
120. Find the inductance per unit length of a very long solenoid with air core having „n‟turns.
121. Calculate the internal and external inductance per unit length of transmission line
consisting of two long parallel conducting wires of radius α that carry currents in the
opposite directions. The axes of the wires are separated by a distance d which is much
larger than α.
122. Explain skin effect.
123. Two infinitely long current filaments in the Z=0plane are parallel to the X axis and are
located at y= +2 and y+ = -2. Each carries 1A in the negative x direction. Calculate H at
(0,0,1).
124. Derive expression for the inductance per unit length of a two- wire (parallel)
transmission line.
125. Explain clearly the concept of uniform plane wave and wave polarization
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 38
126. Derive Maxwell‟s equations in differential form using fundamental laws.
127. Distinguish b/w conduction current and displacement current.
128. Derive the wave equations in free space.
129. Derive wave equation .obtain its solution for uniform plane wave.
130. Explain linear and circular polarization. Obtain the condition for which a uniform plane
wave in free space is linearly and circularly polarized.
131. Obtain the electromagnetic wave equation for free space in terms of electric field.
132. Derive an expression for pointing vector.
133. Obtain the electromagnetic wave equation for free space in terms of magnetic field.
134. Calculate the intrinsic impedance, the propagation constant and wave velocity for a
conducting medium in which σ = 58 ms/m, µ r = 1 at a frequency of f = 100 M Hz.
135. Derive the expression for intrinsic impedance
136. Compute the reflection and transmission coefficients of an electric field wave travelling
in air and incident normally on a boundary between air and a dielectric having
permittivity of 4.
137. Show that the intrinsic impedance for free space is 120π. Derive the necessary equation.
138. Explain the wave propagation in good dielectric with necessary equation.
139. Define depth of penetration. Derive its expression.
140. Find the skin depth at a frequency of 1.6 MHz in aluminium σ= 38.2 ms/m and µr = 1.
141. Define Brewster angle and derive its expression. Also define loss tangent of a medium.
142. Determine the reflection coefficient of oblique incidence in perfect dielectric for parallel
polarization.
143. What are the wave equations for a conducting medium?
144. Obtain the expression for the reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient for a
wave normally incident on the surface of a dielectric.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 39
145. Derive wave equations for a conducting medium.
146. State pointing theorem and derive an expression for pointing theorem.
147. Explain the wave propagation in good dielectrics with necessary equations.
148. Derive the expression for total magnetic field when a vertically polarized wave is
incident obliquely on a perfect conductor.
149. Determine the reflection coefficient of oblique incidence in perfect dielectric for parallel
polarization.
150. Determine the reflection coefficient of oblique incidence in perfect dielectric for
perpendicular polarization.
151. Define polarization. What are the different types of wave polarization? Explain them
with mathematical expression.
152. Obtain the expression for the reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient for a
wave normally incident on the surface of a dielectric.
153. A uniform plane wave in a nonmagnetic medium having conductivity=10-3S/m,
eplsilon_r= 80
i) Verify whether the medium is good conductor is having a frequency of 10
KHz.
ii) Calculate the following,
1) Attenuation constant
2) Phase constant
3) Propagation constant
4) Intrinsic impedance
5) Wave length
6) Velocity of propagation
154. Define a wave.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 40
155. What are wave equations for free space?
156. What is a uniform plane wave?
157. What is the relationship between E and H or brief about intrinsic impedance for a
dielectric medium?
158. What are Helmholtz equations or represent equation of electromagnetic wave in the
phasor form?
159. What are the wave equations for a conducting medium?
160. What is phase velocity?
161. What are the values of in terms of primary constants of the medium?
162. Write down the secondary contants of a good conductor.
163. Write down the values of velocity and intrinsic impedance for free space.
164. What is skin effect?
165. Define skin depth or depth of penetration of a conductor.
166. Determine the skin depth of copper at 60 Hz with 5.8 X 107S/m.
167. What is polarization?
168. Define linear, elliptical and circular polarization?
169. Define snell‟s law of refraction.
170. Define critical angle.
171. Define Brewster angle.
172. What are the standing waves?
173. How a dielectric medium can be identified as lossless and lossy for a given frequency?
174. What are scalar and vector potentials and how are they related to the field quantities?
175. What are Poisons and Laplace equations? Significance?
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 41
176. How do you evaluate E and V using Laplace equations
Module 4&5
1. Define and explain VSWR & Reflection coefficient. Obtain the relation b/w these two.
2. What are the advantages of transmission lines? What are the most common type of
transmission lines?
3. List the applications of smith chart.
4. What are the various dielectric substrate materials used in planar transmission line?
5. What is a distortionless line? How to achieve distortionless condition on the line?
6. Discuss the properties and applications of smith chart.
7. Define Characteristic impedance?
8. What is frequency distortion?
9. Calculate the load reflection coefficient of open and short circuited lines?
10. Calculate the characteristic impedance for the following line parameters
R = 10.4 ohms /km L = 0.00367 H/km
C = 0.00835μf /km G = 10.8x10-6 mhos /km
11. Write the equation for the input impedance of a TL?
12. Define propagation constant?
13. Define wavelength?
14. Give the input impedance of a open and short circuit line?
15. Define reflection loss?
16. What is meant by reflection co – efficient?
17. State the properties of infinite line?
18. Write the condition for a distortion less line?
19. When does reflection take place on a TL?
20. What is difference between lumped and distributed parameters?
21. Draw the equivalent circuit of a TL?
22. A 50Ω line is terminated to a load with an unknown impedance. The standing wave ratio s
= 2.4 on the line and a voltage maximum occurs ƛ/8 from the load.
(a) Determine the load impedance.
(b) How far is the first minimum voltage from the load?
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 42
23. The open circuit and short circuit impedances measured at the input terminals of a loseless
transmission line of length 1.5m,which is less than a quarter wavelength are –j 54.6Ω and
j103 Ω respectively:
(a) Find Z0 of the line:
(b) Without changing the operating frequency, find the input impedance of the short
circuited line that is twice the given length;
(c) How long should the short circuited line be in order for it to appear as an open circuit
at the input terminals?
24. A transmission line at radio frequencies with characteristics impedance Z0 has to be
matched to a complex load. Explain how this is done with a suitable sketch.
(b) What are the distinct advantages of double stub matching over a single stub matching.
25. Derive transmission line equations and obtain the expressions for the characteristic
impedance and propagation constant.
26. Discuss about the use of quarter wave line.
27. Define dissipation line and dispersive line. Prove that a dissipation line is non-dispersive.
28. Explain the process of impedance matching in transmission lines.
29. Discuss the flow of electromagnetic power over a transmission line.
30. Give the equivalent circuit model of a differential length of a two wire transmission line.
31. The open circuit and short circuit impedances measured at the input terminal of a
transmission line of length 1.5m which is as much as a quarter wave length at the
operating frequency are -j54.6Ω and j103Ω respectively. Find the characteristics
impedance of the line.
32. Define SWR and reflection coefficient and give their relationships.
33. Deduce the expression for the input impedance of a lossless transmission line at a distance
„l‟ from the load
34. An air line has characteristic impedance of 70 Ω and phase constant of 3rad/m at 100
MHz. Calculate the distributed line parameters.
35. A transmission line at radio frequency with characteristics impedance Z0 has to be
matched to a complex load. Explain how this can be done
i. by using a Quarter wave transformer.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 43
ii. by using a Stub tuning
36. What are the distinct advantage of double stub matching over single stub match?
37. What is a Smith chart? Give its salient features.
38. A 100+j150 Ω load is connected to a 75 Ω lossless line. Find using a smith chart
i. Reflection Coefficient
ii. SWR and confirm the values using equations.
39. Obtain the general solution of Transmission line?
40. Explain about waveform distortion and distortion less line condition?
41. Explain about reflection loss?
42. Derive the equation of attenuation constant and phase constant of TL in terms of R L, C,
G?
43. Explain in details about the reflection on a line not terminated in it character istic
impedance (z0)?
44. Explain in following terms
(i) Reflection factor (ii) Reflection loss (iii) Return loss
45. Explain about physical significance of TLs?
46. Derive the expression for input impedance of lossless line?
47. Explain about different type of TLs?
48. Find the VSWR and reflection co – efficient of a perfectly matched line with reflection
from load?
49. Explain the use of quarter wave line for impedance matching?
50. What is the need for stub matching in transmission lines?
51. Why do standing waves exist on TL?
52. What are constant S circles?
53. What are the advantages of double stub matching over single stub matching?
54. Derive the relationship between standing wave ratio and reflection co – efficient?
55. Write the expression for the characteristic impedance Ro‟ of the matching quarter –wave
section of the line?
56. Give the applications of smith chart?
57. Define standing wave ratio?
58. Give the analytical expression for input impedance of dissipation less line?
59. Design a quarter wave transformers to match a load of 200 ohms to a source resistance of
500 ohms. The operating frequency is 200 MHz?
60. Define skin effect?
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 44
61. What is zero dissipation line?
62. Distinguish between single stub matching and double stub matching?
63. Explain about half wave transformer?
64. Applications of smith chart?
65. Explain about voltage and current waveform of dissipation less line?
66. Derive the expression for the input impedance of the dissipation less line and the
expression for the input impedance of a quarter wave line. Also discuss the application of
quarter wave line?
67. Explain single stub matching on a transmission line and derive the expression and the
length of the stub used for matching on a line?
68. Design a single stub match for a load of 150+j225 ohms for a 75 ohms line at 500 MHz
using smith chart?
69. A 30 m long lossless transmission line with characteristic impedance (zo) of 50 ohm is
terminated by a load impedance (ZL) = 60 + j40 ohm. The operating wavelength is 90m.
find the input impedance and SWR using smith chart?
70. Explain double stub matching on a transmission line and derive the expression and the
length of the stub used for matching on a line?
71. Explain about lambda / 4 wave transformer?
72. Explain about properties of smith chart?
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 45
5
EC 305
MICROPROCESSOR & MICROCONTROLLER
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 46
5.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: Electronics and
Communication Engineering
DEGREE: B.Tech
COURSE: Microprocessor &
Microcontroller
SEMESTER: 5 CREDITS: 3
COURSE CODE: EC305 REGULATION:
2015
COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Microprocessors CONTACT HOURS: 4 hours /Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE
(IF ANY):
LAB COURSE NAME:
SYLLABUS:
UNIT
DETAILS
HOURS
I
Microprocessors: Introduction, organization of a
microprocessor based system, evolution of
microprocessors, 8085 architecture and its operation,
microprocessor initiated operations and bus organization,
pin configuration and functions, generation of control
signals for external operations- fetch, IO/M, read/write
5
II
Machine cycles and bus timings, Addressing modes,
instruction set instruction classification.
Overview/concept of peripheral IC interfacing with 8085
microprocessor (8251, 8253, 8255, 8279).
Simple examples in assembly language programming for
8085 (only for internal examination)
Introduction to development tools: IDE, cross assembler,
builder, linker and debugger.( not required for exam)
12
III
Introduction to 8086 and comparison between
8086,80286,80386,80486 and Pentium
Microcontrollers: Introduction, comparison between
microprocessors and microcontrollers, microcontroller
families, 8051- features, architecture, memory
organization, registers, I/O ports, pin configuration and
functions.
8
IV
Addressing modes, instruction set, instruction
classification
Assembly language programming examples for 8051.
5
V
Interrupts in 8051: Types, interrupt source, interrupt
handling and programming
Timer/Counter programming: Operating modes, time
delay generation, Waveform generation.
Serial communication: RS 232 interface, registers in
UART, modes of operation, programming examples for
serial data transmission and reception
6
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 47
VI
Interfacing: Interfacing (block schematic and assembly
language programming) of DIP switch, stepper motor,
ADC, DAC, LEDs and seven segment displays,
alphanumeric LCD module with 8051.
6
TOTAL HOURS 42
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
1. Ramesh S. Goankar. 8085 Microprocessors Archiecture Application and
Programming. Penram International, 5/e.
2. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Cengage learning, 3/e.
3. LylaB.Das : Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
4. Soumitra Kumar Mandal. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Architecture,
Programming & Interfacing Using 8085, 8086 and 8051, McGraw Hill Education
(2011).
5. Nagoorkani, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 2e, McGraw Hill Education India,
2012.
6. Aditya P Mathur, Introduction to Microprocessor. Tata McGraw – Hill
7. Muhammed Ali Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Pearson
Education, 2nd edition
8. I.Scott Mackenzie, Raphel C.-W Phan, The 8051 microcontroller, 4th edition.
9 Han Way Hung, “PIC Microcontroller, An introduction to software and hardware
interfacing “, Cenage learning.
10 Muhammad Ali Mazidi “ PIC Microcontroller and Embedded systems using
assembly and C for PIC 18” Pearson.
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC207 Logic Circuit Design Logical design are studied S3
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION
1 To understand fundamental operating concepts of microprocessors and microcontrollers.
2 To communicate with various devices using controller.
3 To design a microcontroller based system with the help of the interfacing devices.
4 To program the controller to make various peripherals work for specified application.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Sl. DESCRIPTION
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 48
No.
1 At the completion of the course the students are expected to have a detailed idea about
processor and controller architecture.
2 They are expected to program microprocessor using assembly language programming
3 Student will be able to design any system based on the knowledge acquired of the subject.
4 Students can do interfacing circuits of 8051 microcontrollers
5 This would be helpful to students for their projects based on microcontrollers
CO-PO-PSO MAPPING:
CO No. Programme Outcomes (POs)
Programme-
specific Outcomes
(PSOs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
1 3
1
2 2
3 3
1 3
3 2
3 3 3 2 3 2 2
2 1 3 3 2
4
3 3 3 2 3
1 3 3 2
5
3
ECE010
605 2
3 3 3 2 3 2 2
2 1 3 3 2
JUSTIFICATION FOR CO-PO-PSO CORRELATION:
JUSTIFICATION FOR CO-PO MAPPING
MAPPING LEVEL JUSTIFICATION
C605.1-PO3 3 By the detailed study of architecture of 8051 and 8085 students can
do the design of experiments for the analysis and interpretation of
data in various applications.
C605.1-PO12 1 The architectural feature of a microcontroller is an area which
changes according to the technological developments.
C605.2-PO1 2 The programming of the microcontrollers is always started with the
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 49
problem analysis
C605.2-PO2 3 For all the systems designed using 8051, we have to Identify,
formulate, review research literature, and analyze.
C605.2-PO3 3 With the proper programming of 8051, students can design systems
with social relevance.
C605.2-PO4 1 By doing the Programming of 8051 can analyze data and give valid
results
C605.3-PO1
2
For the design of all systems using 8051 students should apply the
knowledge of mathematics, science, Engineering fundamentals, and
Electronics and Communication Engineering
C605.3-PO2 3
Problem analysis is required in the design of interfacing circuits and
systems using microcontrollers
C605.3-PO3 3 The outcome of design process is a solution
C605.3-PO4 3
investigations are done by design interfacing circuits and systems
using microcontrollers
C605.3-PO5 2 For execution and debugging modern tools are used, IDE
C605.3-PO6 3 Socially relevant systems can be designed using microcontroller
C605.3-PO7 2 Environmental sustainability is design interfacing circuits and
systems using microcontrollers
C605.3-PO8 2 The outcome of a systems reflects the professional ethics and
responsibilities of the Engineer
C605.3-PO11 2 Batch wise programming assignment; improve the capability of the
student to manage projects and in multi disciplinary environments.
C605.3-PO12 1 Design process of systems is a lifelong learning process
C605.4-PO2 3 Problem analysis is required in the design interfacing circuits and
systems using microcontrollers
C605.4-PO3 3 The outcome of a system, give the analysis and interpretation of
data, and it can synthesis information to provide valid conclusions
C605.4-PO4 3 investigations are done by the design process
C605.4-PO5 2 For execution and debugging of the designed systems, modern tools
are used.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 50
C605.4-PO6 3 Socially relevant systems can be designed using the interfacing of
microcontroller
C605.4-PO12 1 Design of systems changes according to the technological
developments
C605.5-PO3 3 Systems with social and public benefits can be designed using 8051
microcontrollers
JUSTIFICATION FOR CO-PSO MAPPING
MAPPING LEVEL JUSTIFICATION
C605.2-PSO1 3 Programming defines the ability of the student to demonstrate their
skills in designing, microprocessor systems, and embedded systems
applications
C605.3-PSO1 3 Students are able to design socially relevant microprocessor
systems
C605.3-PSO2 3 Modern tools are used to design systems
C605.3-PSO3 2 Systems designed show the sense of professional ethics of students
C605.4-PSO1 3 Students are able to design socially relevant microprocessor
systems using interfacing circuits
C605.4-PSO2 3 Modern tools are used to design interfacing circuits systems
C605.4-PSO3 2 Interfacing circuit Systems designed show the sense of professional
ethics of students
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Lab not included in the syllabus in the current semester (N. A.)
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Keil C programming
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 www.atmel .com
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 51
2 http://galia.fc.uaslp.mx/
3 http://www.keil.com/c51/
4 www.nptel.com
5 8052.com
6 Microdigitaled.com
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
CHALK & TALK STUD.
ASSIGNMEN
T
WEB
RESOURCES
LCD/SMART
BOARDS
STUD.
SEMINARS
ADD-ON
COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
ASSIGNMENTS STUD.
SEMINA
RS
TESTS/MODEL
EXAMS
UNIV.
EXAMINA
TION
STUD. LAB
PRACTICES
STUD.
VIVA
MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS
CERTIFICATION
S
ADD-ON COURSES OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
ASSESSMENT OF COURSE
OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
FACULTY
ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS
BY EXT. EXPERTS
OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
Maleeha Abdul Azeez
Tressa Michael (HOD)
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 52
5.2 COURSE PLAN
Hour Module Topic
1. I Introduction to the course
2. Microprocessors: Introduction, organization of a
microprocessor based system
3. 8085 architecture and its operation
4. Microprocessor-initiated operations and bus
organization
5. Pin configuration and functions
6. Generation of control signals for external
operations- fetch, IO/M, read/write
7. II Machine cycles and bus timings
8. Addressing modes, Instruction classification
9. Instruction set
10. Instruction set
11. Overview/concept of peripheral IC interfacing
with 8085 microprocessor - 8251
12. Overview/concept of peripheral IC interfacing
with 8085 microprocessor – 8253
13. Overview/concept of peripheral IC interfacing
with 8085 microprocessor – 8255
14. Overview/concept of peripheral IC interfacing
with 8085 microprocessor – 8279
15. Simple examples in assembly language
programming for 8085
16. III Introduction to 8086
17.
Microcontrollers: Introduction, comparison
betweenmicroprocessors and microcontrollers,
microcontroller families
18. 8051- features, architecture
19. Memory organization
20. Registers, I/O ports, pin configuration and
functions
21. IV Addressing modes, instruction classification
22. Instruction set
23. Instruction set
24. Assembly language programming examples for
8051
25. Assembly language programming examples for
8051
26. Assembly language programming examples for
8051
27. V Interrupts in 8051: Types, interrupt source
28. Interrupt handling and programming
29. Timer/Counter programming: Operating modes
30. Time delay generation
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 53
31. Waveform generation
32. Serial communication: RS 232 interface
33. Registers in UART, modes of operation
34. Programming examples for serial data
transmission and reception
35. VI Interfacing (block schematic and assembly
language programming) of DIP switch with 8051
36.
Interfacing (block schematic and assembly
language programming) of Stepper Motor with
8051
37.
Interfacing (block schematic and assembly
language programming) of ADC & DAC with
8051
38. Interfacing (block schematic and assembly
language programming) of LEDs with 8051
39.
Interfacing (block schematic and assembly
language programming) of seven segment
displays with 8051
40.
Interfacing (block schematic and assembly
language programming) of alphanumeric LCD
module with 8051
41.
REVISION
Revision – Module I
42. Revision– Module II
43. Revision– Module III
44. Revision– Module IV
45. Revision– Module V
46. Revision– Module VI
47. Revision – Programming
48. Revision – Programming
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 54
5.3 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
MODULE I
1. What is a microprocessor?
2. Describe the organization of a microprocessor-based system.
3. Provide a brief description of the history of microprocessors.
4. With a neat block diagram, explain the architecture of 8085.
5. Explain the functions involved in any one microprocessor initiated operation.
6. Explain the generation of control signals for external operations.
7. Explain the external signals generated in an IO write operation.
8. Design a temperature-controller system based on 8085.
9. Exlain any ten 8085 pin functions.
10. Give functions of the following in 8085:
a. Stack Pointer
b. Program Counter
c. ALE
d. S0,S1
e. Accumulator
MODULE II
1. Provide timing diagrams for the following 8085 operations:
a. Opcode Fetch
b. Memory Read
c. Memory Write
d. IO Read
e. IO Write
2. What are the different types of addressing modes supported by 8085?
3. Explain the classification of the 8085 instruction set.
4. Give 5 examples each of the following 8085 instruction types:
a. Arithmetic Instructions
b. Data transfer Instructions
c. Logical Instructions
d. Program Branching Instructions
e. Machine-control Instructions
5. Perform an 8085 data transfer operation using 4 different addressing modes.
6. With the help of interfacing diagrams, explain the peripheral IC interfacing of the
following ICs to 8085:
a. 8251
b. 8253
c. 8255
d. 8279
7. What do the following instructions do?
a. ADD M
b. DAD Rp
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 55
c. PUSH Rp
d. SUI A,#N
e. RAL
8. Write simple programs to add, subtract, multiply and divide two numbers using 8085
9. Write a number to store first 10 multiples of two.
10. Explain the given terms:
a. IDE
b. Cross-assembler
c. Builder
d. Linker
e. Debugger
MODULE III
1. Give a brief overview of 8086 microprocessor.
2. Compare between different Intel microprocesors.
3. Distinguish between microprocessors & microcontrollers.
4. Write a short note on different microcontroller families.
5. Provide 10 features of 8051.
6. With a neat schematic, explain the architecture of 8051 microcontroller.
7. Describe the memory organization of 8051.
8. What are register banks? How are they arranged in 8051?
9. Describe input-output operations in I/O ports.
10. Draw the pin diagram of 8051 and provide the functions of each.
MODULE IV
1. What are the different addressing modes in 8051?
2. Classify the 8051 instruction set based on the operations performed. Give examples for
each.
3. Explain the following instructions:
a. DJNZ Rx,NEXT
b. CJNE Rx,Ry,AGAIN
c. AJMP LOOP
d. ADC A,#05h
e. ADD B,05h
4. Write a program to add two numbers.
5. Write a program to subtract two numbers.
6. Write a program to multiply two numbers.
7. Write a program to divide two numbers.
8. Write a program to find the two numbers.
9. Write a program to indicate whether the number at the internal RAM address 50h is
prime.
10. Write a program to find the sum of the first N natural numbers.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 56
MODULE V
1. Explain the five interrupt sources in 8051.
2. Explain the operations to be performed to generate an interrupt. Explain the operations to
be performed upon the occurrence of an interrupt.
3. Write a program to enable all interrupts and clear all GPR contents of bank 0 if any occur.
Assign priority as given: 1. IE1 2. IE0 3. TF0 4. TF1 5.SINT
4. Explain the timer modes in 8051.
5. Write a program to generate a 1 ms delay using 8051.
6. Generate a periodic square waveform of 2 ms time period and 60% duty cycle.
7. Explain the RS232 interface.
8. Describe the serial communication registers used in 8051.
9. What are the different modes in which the serial communication module in 8051 can be
used?
10. Write a program to initialize 8051 for full-duplex serial operation.
MODULE VI
1. Write a program to interface a 8-switch DIP IC. Show the interfacing diagram.
2. Interface a 4-phase stepper motor for the following operations:
a. Normal drive b. Wave drive c. Half-step drive
3. The temperature of a room is to be monitored. Show how it can be done using 8051.
4. Generate a periodic triangular waveform using 8051.
5. Generate a staircase waveform using 8051.
6. Glow two LEDs alternately using 8051.
7. Display 1234 using a 7-segment display and 8051.
8. Display the test “MPMC” using an LCD display and 8051.
9. Together with an interfacing diagram, show how to program 8051 to glow LEDS based on
switch positions.
10. Draw the block schematic showing interfacing of 5 input-output devices to 8051.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 57
6
EC 307
POWER ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 58
6.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME:Electronics and
Communication Engineering
DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: Power Electronics &
Instrumentation
SEMESTER: 5 CREDITS: 3
COURSE CODE: EC307
REGULATION:UG
COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical
Engineering
CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE
(IF ANY):Yes
LAB COURSE NAME: Power Electronics &
Instrumentation Lab
SYLLABUS:
Power semiconductor switches and its static and dynamic characteristics.Switched mode
regulators, SMPS, Switched mode inverters, UPS. Performance characteristics of instruments,
Measurement of passive components, Different Transducers, Digital Instruments.
UNI
T
DETAILS HOU
RS
I
Linear Electronics versus Power Electronics –
Power semiconductor switches.
Power diodes-structure, static and dynamic characteristics
Power transistors - Power BJT, Power MOSFET, GTO and IGBT
Steady state and switching characteristics of Power BJT, Power MOSFET and
IGBT.
8
II
Switched mode regulators
Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost DC-DC converters
Waveforms and expression of DC-DC converters for output voltage, voltage and
current ripple under continuous conduction mode. (Derivation not required)
Isolated converters - Flyback, Forward, Push Pull, Half Bridge and Full Bridge
Converters - waveforms and governing equations. (Derivation not required)
8
III
Switched mode inverters- Principles of PWM switching schemes.
Single phase inverters - half bridge, full bridge and push pull.
UPS - on line and off line
Three phase inverters - PWM and Space vector modulation in three phase
inverters
7
IV
Generalized configurations of instruments - Functional elements. Classification
of instruments
Generalized performance characteristics of instruments - Static characteristics
and Dynamic characteristics
Measurement of resistance, inductance and capacitance using bridges.
5
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 59
V
Transducers - Classification, Selection of transducers.
Resistance transducers - Principle of operation, resistance, potentiometers,strain
gauge
Inductive Transducers - Induction potentiometer, variable reluctance transducers,
LVDT, eddy current transducers, synchros and resolvers.
Capacitive transducers - different types, capacitor microphone. Hall Effect
transducer, proximity transducer, magnetostrictive transducers.
7
VI
Electronic Multimeter, Audio Power Meter, RF power meter, True RMS meter.
Digital Instruments - Basics, digital measurement of time, phase, frequency,
Digital LCR meter and digital voltmeter.
Frequency synthesizer, Spectrum analyzers, Logic State analyzers (block diagram
only).
Digital storage oscilloscope – Operation –controls – applications.
7
TOTAL HOURS 42
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T Umanand L., Power Electronics Essentials and Applications, Wiley India, 2015.
T
Bell D. A., Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, PHI, 2003
R Mohan N. and T. M. Undeland, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design,
John Wiley, 2007.
Mandal, Power Electronics 1e, McGraw Hill Education India, 2014
R Nakra, Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis,4e, McGraw –Hill Education New
Delhi,2016
R Daniel W. Hart, Power Electronics, McGraw Hill,2011.
R Doeblin E., Measurement Systems, 5/e, McGraw Hill, 2003
R Helfrick A. D. and W. D. Cooper: Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement
Techniques, 5/e, PHI, 2003
R Patranabis D., Principles of Electronic Instrumentation, PHI, 2008.
R Kishore K. L., Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, 3/e, Pearson, 2009.
R Kalsi H. S., Electronic Instrumentation, 3/e, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC205
ELECTRONIC
CIRCUITS
A thorough knowledge of circuits and
analysis is required X
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 60
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To provide an insight on the concepts of Power Electronics and Electronic instruments.
2 To study the applications of Power electronics such as Switched mode regulators and
inverters.
3 To develop understanding of the concept of Transducers and Digital instruments.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SI
No DESCRIPTION
1 Students will be able to acquire concepts of Power Electronics.
2 Students will be able to recall and state applications of Power electronics such as Switched
mode regulators and inverters.
3 Students will be able to distinguish various types of Switched mode regulators
4 Students will be able to analyze different types of bridges.
5 Students will be able to compare various types of Instrument transducers.
6 Students will be able to understand and learn about various measuring equipments.
SI
No DESCRIPTION BLOOMS‟ TAXONOMY LEVEL
1
Students will be able to explain
thestructure & characteristics of power
semiconductor devices
Level II (Comprehension)
2 Students will be able to recall and
stateapplications of inverters.
Level I (Knowledge)
3 Students will be able to analyse various
types of Switched mode regulators
Level IV (Analysis)
4 Students will be able to assess different
types of bridges.
Level III ( Application)
5 Students will be able to compare various
types of Instrument transducers.
Level IV (Analysis)
6
Students will be able to select various
measuring equipments based on the
application requirements.
Level II (Comprehension)
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 61
MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) AND
COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs):
PO
1
PO
2
PO
3
PO
4
PO
5
PO
6
PO
7
PO
8
PO
9
PO
10
PO
11
PO
12
PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3
C307.1 2 2 2 1
C307.2 2 2 2
C307.3 2 2 2
C307.4 2 1
C307.5 2 2 1
C307.6 2 2 2
EC 307
JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING:
Mapping L/H/
M
Justification
C307.1-PO1 M Students will be apply the knowledge of mathematics and science
to solve various fundamental problems in power electronics.
C307.1-PO3 M
Students will be able to design solutions with appropriate
consideration for environmental issues such as energy management
with advanced power semicondustor devices.
C307.1-
PO12 H
Students will be able to apply knowledge of current semiconductor
devices to improve their characteristics based on future
applications
C307.2-PO3 L Students will be able to develop solutions using inverters for the
further development of society.
C307.2-
PO12 L
Students will be apply the knowledge of basic inverters to develop
multi level and multiphase inverters with improved efficiency and
performance
C307.3-PO3 L Students will be able to design switched mode converters for
applications in the field of renewable energy.
C307.3-
PO12 M
Students will be able to apply the knowledge of switched mode
regulators to improve the performance of devices used in daily life
C307.4-PO4 L
Students will be able to use the knowledge of different bridges to
conduct complex experiments such as strain gauge, LCR meters
etc.
C307.5-PO4 M Students will be able to use the knowledge of different bridges to
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 62
conduct complex experiments such as LVDT, LDR etc
C307.5-PO7 L Students will be able to design transducers with appropriate
consideration for safety and environmental issues.
C307.6-PO3 M Students will be able to develop solutions using measurement
equipments for future applications.
C307.6-PO4 M Students will be able to conduct experiments using various
measuring instruments
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SI
No. DESCRIPTION
PROPOSED
ACTIONS
RELEVANCE
WITH POs
RELEVANCE
WITH PSOs
1 Introduction to Simulation
platform
Additional class
on MATLAB
5,3 1,2
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY
VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
SI
No
.
DESCRIPTION
PROPOS
ED
ACTION
S
RELEVA
NCE
WITH
POs
RELEVA
NCE
WITH
PSOs
1 Refer any standard jounal for application of
Power electronics
Assignm
ent
12, 5
1
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 Power Electronics : http://nptel.ac.in/downloads/108105066/
2 Instrumentation : http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108105064/
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
CHALK & TALK STUD.
ASSIGNMENT
WEB
RESOURCES
LCD/SMART
BOARDS
STUD.
SEMINARS
ADD-ON
COURSES
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 63
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
ASSIGNMENTS STUD.
SEMINARS
TESTS/MODEL
EXAMS
UNIV.
EXAMINATION
STUD. LAB
PRACTICES
STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS
CERTIFICATIONS
ADD-ON
COURSES
OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
FACULTY (TWICE)
ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS
OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
Ms.Sreepriya R Ms.Santhi B
Ms. Anna Mathew (HOD)
Mr.SanilSharahudeen
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 64
6.2 COURSE PLAN
Sl.No Module Planned
1 1 Introduction to electrical engineering-
Definition of Basic terms
2 1 Kirchoff‟s Laws and Tutorials
3 1 Mesh Analysis – Voltage Source & Current
Source
4 1 Tutorials on Mesh and Super mesh analysis
5 1 Star and delta connection, delta to star
transformation and Star to delta
transformation
6 1 Nodal analysis and tutorials
7 1 Tutorials
8 2 Magnetic Circuits: Definitions of MMF, field
strength, flux density,reluctance;; comparison
between electric and magnetic circuits
9 2 Energy stored in magnetic circuits, magnetic
circuits with air gap
10 2 Tutorials on series magnetic circuits
11 2 Electromagnetic Induction – Faraday‟s laws,
Dynamically Induced e.m.f,Statically Induced
e.m.f and Co-efficient of coupling
12 2 Tutorials on Electro Magnetic Circuits
13 3 Generation of AC,Definition of basic terms,
RMS value
14 3 Average value, form factor and peak factor
15 3 Tutorials on average value, rms value
16 3 Phasor representation of alternating quantities-
polar and rectangular forms
17 3 Impedance, power and power factor in ac
circuits- active, reactive and apparent power
18 3 A.C. Circuits – Pure „R‟ „L‟& 'C'
19 3 Solution of RL, RC and RLC circuits
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 65
20 3 Tutorials of RL,RC & RLC circuits
21 4 Generation of three phase voltages, Star
connected System – Relation between Line &
Phase Values
22 4 Delta connected System – Relation between
Line & Phase Values Three wire and four wire
system
23 4 Power measurement by two wattmeter method
+ tutorials
24 4 Generation of electric power- Hydro, Nuclear
and Thermal power plants
25 4 Renewable energy sources: solar, wind, tidal
and geotherma
26 4 Typical electrical power transmission scheme,
primary and secondary transmission and
distribution systems
27 4 Need for high voltage transmission and
Substation equipments
28 5 Principle of operation of D.C.machine and
Constructional details
29 5 Principle of operation of D.C. Motor, Back
e.m.f., Need for starter
30 5 Types of dc motor+Applications
31 5 Tutorials of dc motor and generator
32 5 Principle of operation of Transformer
33 5 Constructional Details of single and three
phase core type transformer
34 5 Emf equation and related numerical problems
35 5 Losses and efficiency of transformer for full
load and related numerical problems
36 6 Induction motors – principle of operation of
single phase and three phase induction motors
37 6 Synchronous speed, slip and related numerical
problems.
38 6 Construction, principles of operation of single
phase induction motor
39 6 Starting methods in single phase induction
motors -split phase and capacitor start
methods
40 6 Test Paper
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 66
6.3 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Network Analysis
1.Find the current through each branch by KVL
2. Calculate a) the equivalent resistances across the terminals of the supply, b) total current
supplied by the source and c) power delivered to 16 ohm resistor in the circuit shown in figure
using Kirchoff‟s laws
3. In the circuit shown, determine the current through the 2 ohm resistor and the total
current delivered by the battery. Use Kirchhoff‟s laws.
4. (a) Determine the current through 800 ohm resistor in the network shown in figure using Mesh
Analysis
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 67
5. Find the power dissipated in 10 ohm resistor for the circuit shown in figure using Mesh
Analysis.
6. In the network shown below, find the current delivered by the battery using Nodal Analysis
8. Find the current through branch a-b using mesh analysis shown in figure below
9. Determine the mesh currents I1 and I2 for the given circuit shown below
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 68
10. Find the nodal voltages in the circuit of figure.
Electro Magnetism
1. Two 200 turn air-cored solenoids, 25cm long have a cross-sectional area of 3cm2 each.
The mutual inductance between them is 0.5mH. Find the self-inductance of the coils and
the coefficient of coupling.
2. An iron ring of 200 mm mean diameter is made of 30 mm round iron of permeability 900,
has an air gap 10 mm wide. It has 800 turns. If the current flowing through this winding is
6.8A, determine (i) m.m.f. (ii) total reluctance of the circuit (iii) flux in the ring (iv) flux
density in the ring.
3. A magnetic circuit consists of an iron ring of mean circumference 80 cm with c.s.a of 12
cm2 throughout. A current of 1A in the magnetizing coil of 200 turns produces a total flux
of 1.2 mWb in the iron. Calculate (i) flux density in the iron (ii) the absolute and relative
permeability of iron (iii) reluctance of the circuit.
4. An iron ring 100 cm mean circumference is made from cast iron of c.s.a. 10 cm2. Its
relative permeability is 500. If it is wound with 200 turns, what current will be required to
produce a flux of 0.1x 10-2Wb.
5. A flux density of 1.2 Wb/m2 is required in the 1mm air gap of an electromagnet having an
iron path of 1.5m long. Calculate the m.m.f. required. μrofiron= 1600. Neglect leakage.
6. A coil is wound uniformly over a wooden ring having a c.s.a of 600 mm2 and a mean
circumference of 750 mm. If the current through the coil is 5A and the no. of turns of the
coil is 250 turns, calculate the magnetizing force, the flux density and the total flux.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 69
7. A magnetic circuit comprises three parts in series, each of uniform c.s.a. They are
a. a length of 80 mm &c.s.a. 50 mm2
b. a length of 60 mm &c.s.a. 90 mm2
c. an airgap of length 0.5 mm &c.s.a. 150 mm2
8. A coil of 4000 turns is wound on part (b) and the flux density in the airgap is 0.3 T.
Assuming that all the flux passes through the given circuit and that the relative
permeability is 1300, estimate the coil current to produce such a flux density.
DC Machines
1. Calculate the e.m.f. generated by a 4-pole wave wound generator having 65 slots with 12
conductors per slot when driven at 1200 rpm. The flux per pole is 0.02 Wb. How much is the
generated e.m.f., if the machine is lap wound?
2. A short shunt cumulative compound D.C. Generator supplies 7.5kW at 230V. The shunt
field, series field and the armature resistance are 100Ω, 0.3Ω and 0.4Ω respectively.
Calculate the e.m.f induced and the load resistance.
3. A shunt generator supplied 500A at 500V. Calculate its generated e.m.f if its ar mature and
shunt field resistances is 0.02Ω and 125Ω respectively.
4. A series generator delivers a current of 100A at 250V. Its armature and series field
resistances are 0.1Ω and 0.055Ω respectively. Find i) armature current and ii) generated
e.m.f.
5. An 8 pole D.C. Generator has 750 armature conductors. The flux per pole is 25mWb. If the
armature is wave wound and is rotating at a speed of 1250 rpm, find the value of the
generated e.m.f. What must be the speed at which the armature is to be driven to generate the
same e.m.f, if the armature is lap wound?
6. A 4 pole D.C. Shunt generator with lap wound armature supplies a load of 50A at 220V.
Armature resistance is 0.2 Ω and shunt field resistance is 110 Ω. Calculate (i) total armature
current (ii) Current per path (iii) e.m.f. generated. Also find these values when the generator
is separately excited.
7. A 230V motor has an armature circuit resistance of 0.6 If the full-load armature current is 30A and the no-load armature current is 4A, find the change in back e.m.f. from no load to
full-load.
8. A D.C. motor has 6 poles, flux per pole is 0.05Wb with lap wound armature of 600
conductors. Motor speed is 500 rpm. Determine the applied voltage and back e.m.f. Given
armature resistance as 0.25 and armature current 40A.
9. A 4-pole 250V D.C series motor has a wave wound armature with 1254 conductors. The flux
per pole is 22 mWb when the motor is taking 50A. Armature resistance is 0.2 and series
field resistance of 0.2. Calculate the speed.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 70
10. A 220 V, 4-pole, D.C. shunt motor runs at 1,000 r.p.m. The useful flux per pole is 30 mWb.
Find the number of armature conductors, if it is lap wound.
Three Phase Systems
1. A symmetrical three phase 400V system supplies a balanced delta connected load. The
current in each branch circuit is 20A and phase angle 40° (lag) calculate the line current
and total power.
2. A three phase delta connected load has Zab = (100+j0) ohms, Zbc = (-j100) ohms and
Zca = (70.7 =j70.7) ohms is connected to a balanced 3 phase 400V supply. Determine the
line currents Ia,Ib and Ic. Assume the phase sequence abc.
3. A balanced three phase star connected load with impedance 8+j6 ohm per phase is
connected across a symmetrical 400V three phase 50Hz supply. Determine the line
current, power factor of the load and total power.
4. A balanced star connected load of 4+j3 ohm per phase is connected to a 400V, 3 phase,
50Hz supply. Find the line current, power factor, power, reactive volt ampere and total
volt ampere.
5. Three impedances Z1 = 3∟45° ohm, Z2 = 10√2∟45° ohm, Z3 = 5∟-90° ohm are
connected in series. Calculate applied voltage if voltage across Z1 = 27∟-10° V.
6. Three identical coils each having a resistance of 20 Ω and a reactance of 20 Ω are
connected in i) Star ii) Delta across 440 V, 3 phase supply. Calculate for each case, line
current and reading in each of the wattmeter‟s connected to measure power.
AC Circuits
1. A resistor of value 40 and an inductor of value 70 mH are connected in series. The circuit is
excited by a voltage source of 30V, 100Hz supply. Determine the impedance and the line
current.
2. A source of voltage of 230Sin100лt is applied to an RLC parallel circuit with R=100 C=0.11F and L = 1mH. Find the current from the source, power factor, real and apparent
powers.
3. Find the effective value and average value of the waveform given below.
0
2
T T 3
2
T 2T
V
4. Find the average value of the waveform below.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 71
0
2
3
2
2
e
Em
t
100V
V
10 20
t (ms)
5. The alternating currents i1 =10Sin314t and i2= 6Sin [314t – /4] are meeting at a junction.
Find i1 + i2.
6. An RL circuit has R = 1 and L = 9.55mH. Calculate the series capacitance which converts
the circuit to an RLC circuit will double the current. Supply frequency = 50 Hz.
7. An RLC series circuit with R = 100, L = 0.5H and C = 10 F is supplied with v= 100Sin (100 t). Draw the following waveforms (i) Voltage across R (ii) Voltage across L (iii) Voltage
across C and (iv) the current flowing in the circuit 8. For the waveform shown in fig. obtain the average value and r.m.s value.
9. A current of10 A flows in a circuit with 30 degree angles of lag when the applied voltage is
100V. Find the power, resistance, reactance and admittance
10. A 25F capacitor, a 0.10 H inductor and a 25 resistor are connected in series with an a.c.
source whose e.m.f is given by e = 310Sin314tvolt. Determine the frequency of the e.m.f and
the current in the circuit.
11. Four alternating currents of peak value 200A have the following waveforms:
(a) Sinusoidal (b) full-wave rectified sinusoidal (c) rectangular (d) triangular. If these
currents are passed in turn through (i) a moving-coil ammeter (ii) a moving-iron
ammeter connected in series, find the readings of the instruments in each case
12. An inductive coil takes 10A and dissipates 1000W when connected to a 250V, 25 Hz supply.
Calculate the following (i) the impedance (ii) the effective resistance (iii) the resistance (iv)
the power factor (v) the value of the capacitance required to be connected in series with the
coil to make the power factor of the circuit unity. What is now the current taken by the coil?
13. An inductor of 0.5H inductance and 9 resistance is connected in parallel with a 20F
capacitor. A voltage of 230V at 50Hz is maintained across the circuit. Determine the total
power taken from the source.
Q. With the help of a block diagram, explain the working of following power plants.
Roll Numbers Topic
01-08 Hydroelectric power plant
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 72
09-16 Thermal power plant
17-24 Nuclear power plant
25-32 Solar power plant
33-40 Wind power plant
41-48 Tidal power plant
49-55 Geothermal power plant
1. A choke takes a current of 4A when connected to a 20V DC supply. When connected to a
65V, 50Hz ac supply, it takes 5A current. Determine (i) R & L of the coil (ii) Power
Factor (iii) Power drawn by the coil.
2. A choke coil is connected to a 240 V supply. When frequency of the supply is 50Hz, an
ammeter connected in series reads 60A. On increasing the frequency of the ac supply to
100Hz, same ammeter reads 40A. Calculate the resistance and inductance of the coil.
3. A coil having a resistance of 15Ω & inductance of 0.2H is connected in series with
another coil having a resistance of 25Ω and inductance 0.04H to a 230V, 50Hz supply.
Determine (i) voltage across the coils (ii) Power dissipated in the coils (iii) p.f of the
whole circuit.
4. A non-inductive resistance of 10Ω is connected in series with a choke coil having an
internal resistance of 12Ω and is fed from a 200V, 50Hz supply. Current flowing through
the circuit is 8A. Calculate (i) Reactance of coil (ii) Inductance of coil (iii) Voltage across
coil (iv) Power absorbed by coil (v)Power absorbed by non- inductive resistor (vi) Total
Power.
5. When a 100V 50Hz ac source is connected to a coil A, the resulting current is 8A and
power delivered is 120W. When the same source is connected to coil B, the resulting
current is 10A and power is 500W. What power and current will be taken from the source
if the two coils joined in series are connected to it?
6. A. Find the impedance of the circuit and state whether it is
inductive or capacitive. Also find the p.f
7. Coils A& B in a magnetic circuit have 600 & 500 turns respectively. A current of 8A in
coil A produces a flux of 0.04Wb. If the coefficient of coupling is 0.2, calculate
a) Self inductance of coil A
b) Flux linking coil B
c) Average emf induced in coil B when the flux changes from zero to full
value in 0.02 secs
d) Mutual Inductance
e) Average emf induced in coil B when the current in coil A changes from 0
to 8A in 0.05 secs
8. Two identical 750 turn coils A & B lie in parallel planes. A current changing at the rate of
1500A/sec in coil A induces an emf of 11.25V in coil B. Calculate the mutual inductance
of the arrangement. If the self inductance of each coil is 15mH, calculate the flux
produced in coil A per ampere and the percentage of flux which links the turns of coil B.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 73
9. Two coils A & B of 500 & 750 turns respectively are connected in series on the same
magnetic circuit of reluctance 1.55x106AT/Wb. Calculate (i) Self inductance of each coil
(ii) Mutual Inductance
10. The coefficient of coupling between two coils is 0.85. Coil 1 has 250 turns. When the
current in coil 1 is 2A, the total flux of this coil is 3x10-4Wb. When I1 is changed from
2A to zero in 2ms, the voltage induced in coil 2 is 63.75V. Find L1 , L2 , M and N2.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 74
7
EC 361
DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 75
7.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
DEGREE: B.Tech
COURSE: DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN SEMESTER: 5 CREDITS: 3
COURSE CODE: EC361REGULATION:
2016
COURSE TYPE: ELECTIVE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: DIGITAL
ELECTRONICS
CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours /Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE
(IF ANY): NIL
LAB COURSE NAME: NA
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I Analysis of clocked Synchronous Sequential Networks(CSSN)
Modelling of CSSN – State assignment and reduction
Design of CSSN
Iterative circuits
ASM Chart and its realization
8
II Analysis of Asynchronous Sequential Circuits (ASC)
Flow table reduction- Races in ASC
State assignment problem and the transition table- Design of AS
Design of Vending Machine controller
7
III Hazards – static and dynamic hazards – essential
Design of Hazard free circuits – Data synchronizers
Mixed operating mode asynchronous circuits
Practical issues- clock skew and jitter
Synchronous and asynchronous inputs – switch bouncing
6
IV Fault table method – path sensitization method – Boolean difference method
Kohavi algorithm
Automatic test pattern generation – Built in Self Test(BIST)
7
V PLA Minimization - PLA folding
Foldable compatibility Matrix- Practical PLA
Fault model in PLA
Test generation and Testable PLA Design.
8
VI CPLDs and FPGAs - Xilinx XC 9500 CPLD family, functional block
diagram– input output block architecture - switch matrix
FPGAs – Xilinx XC 4000 FPGA family – configurable logic block - input
output block, Programmable interconnect
6
TOTAL HOURS 42
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T Donald G Givone, Digital Principles & Design, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003
T John M Yarbrough, Digital Logic Applications and Design, Thomson Learning
T John F Wakerly, Digital Design, Pearson Education, Delhi 2002
R Richard E. Haskell, Darrin M. Hanna , Introduction to Digital Design Using Digilent
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 76
FPGA Boards, LBE Books- LLC
R N. N. Biswas, Logic Design Theory, PHI
R MironAbramovici, Melvin A. Breuer and Arthur D. Friedman, Digital Systems Testing
and Testable Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
R Z. Kohavi, Switching and Finite Automata Theory, 2nd ed., 2001, TMH
R Morris Mano, M.D.Ciletti, Digital Design, 5th Edition, PHI
R Samuel C. Lee, Digital Circuits and Logic Design, PHI
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC207 Logic Circuit Design An introductory course on digital
electronics
4
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To study synthesis and design of CSSN
2 To study synthesis and design of ASC
3 To study hazards and design hazard free circuits
4 To study PLA folding
5 To study architecture of one CPLDs and FPGA family
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION
1 The student should able to analyze and design clocked synchronous sequential circuits
2 The student should able to analyze and design asynchronous sequential circuits
3 The student should able to apply their knowledge in diagnosing faults in digital circuits,
PLA
4 The student should able to interpret architecture of CPLDs and FPGA
CO-PO-PSO MAPPING:
Programme Outcomes (POs) Programme-specific
Outcomes (PSOs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
1 2 2 2 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 1 1 1
3 2 2 2 1 1 1
4 1 1 1 1
EC01
10
JUSTIFICATION FOR CO-PO MAPPING
MAPPING LEVEL JUSTIFICATION
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 77
C361.1-PO1 2 Engineering solutions to complex real-life problems can be
developed by developing appropriate digital systems.
C361.1-PO2 2 With the help of practical analysis & design problems in the course,
the students are more equipped with the skill of identifying,
formulating and analyzing complex engineering problems.
C361.1-PO3 2 The course focuses on design & analysis and also covers examples
of practical digital systems, thereby imparting confidence to
students to develop solutions to real-life engineering problems.
C361.1-PO12 1 Going beyond the fundamentals of digital logic, the students are
provided the knowledge to pursue further research and studies in
the field of digital system design.
C361.2-PO1 2 Engineering solutions to complex real-life problems can be
developed by developing appropriate digital systems.
C361.2-PO2 2 With the help of practical analysis & design problems in the course,
the students are more equipped with the skill of identifying,
formulating and analyzing complex engineering problems.
C361.2-PO3 2 The course focuses on design & analysis and also covers examples
of practical digital systems, thereby imparting confidence to
students to develop solutions to real-life engineering problems.
C361.2-PO12 1 Going beyond the fundamentals of digital logic, the students are
provided the knowledge to pursue further research and studies in
the field of digital system design.
C361.3-PO1 2 The course provides fundamentals for troubleshooting digital
systems and finding solutions to complex engineering problems
C361.3-PO2 2 Topics dedicated to fault diagnosis help in identifying and
formulating errors in digital systems and seeking solutions to them.
C361.3-PO3 2 Design errors in digital systems can be easily diagnosed, analysed
and corrected, thus developing error-free systems.
C361.3-PO12 1 Fault diagnosis is a relevant topic in any digital design. The
students are provided with enough basics to continue research in
this area.
C361.4-PO1 1 Practical cost-effective circuits can be built as solutions to complex
engineering problems
C361.4-PO2 1 An overview of FPGAs and CPLDs provides fundamental
knowledge on how to find solutions to engineering problems using
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 78
them.
C361.4-PO3 1 FPGA and CPLD solutions to engineering problems can be
developed
C361.4-PO12 1 The insight into programmable devices and their scope can
motivate them to make new findings.
JUSTIFICATION FOR CO-PSO MAPPING
MAPPING LEVEL JUSTIFICATION
C361.1-PSO1 1 By covering a wide variety of design and analysis problems,
students acquire skills in designing and implementing digital
electronic circuits, including microprocessor systems, for signal
processing, communication, networking, VLSI and embedded
systems applications.
C361.1-PSO2 1 With prior knowledge of EDA tools, students can use their
knowledge to simulate, experiment & develop newer digital
applications.
C361.2-PSO1 1 By covering a wide variety of design and analysis problems,
students acquire skills in designing and implementing digital
electronic circuits, including microprocessor systems, for signal
processing, communication, networking, VLSI and embedded
systems applications.
C361.2-PSO2 1 With prior knowledge of EDA tools, students can use their
knowledge to simulate, experiment & develop newer digital
applications.
C361.3-PSO1 1 With the help of fault diagnosis problems, students acquire skills in
testing digital electronic circuits, including microprocessor systems,
for signal processing, communication, networking, VLSI and
embedded systems applications.
C361.3-PSO2 1 With prior knowledge of EDA tools, students can use their
knowledge to simulate faults,experimentally verify them& develop
newer solutions that can be used in various applications.
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 79
1 (Not identified) (N. A.)
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY
VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 HDL-based implementation of digital systems
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 /www.coursera.org/learn/electronics
2 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-002-circuits-
and-electronics-spring-2007/
3 http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-
ROORKEE/Analog%20circuits/index.htm
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
CHALK &
TALK
STUD.
ASSIGNME
NT
WEB
RESOURC
ES
PRESENTATIONS
LCD/SMART
BOARDS
STUD.
SEMINARS
ADD-ON
COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
ASSIGNMENTS STUD.
SEMINARS
TESTS/MODEL
EXAMS
UNIV.
EXAMINATI
ON
STUD. LAB
PRACTICE
S
STUD.
VIVA
MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS
CERTIFICATIONS
ADD-ON
COURSES
OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
FACULTY
ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS
BY EXT. EXPERTS
OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
Maleeha Abdul Azeez (HOD)
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 80
7.2 COURSE PLAN
No. Module Topic
1. I Introduction to the course
2. Analysis of clocked Synchronous Sequential
Networks(CSSN)
3. Analysis of clocked Synchronous Sequential
Networks(CSSN)
4. Analysis of clocked Synchronous Sequential
Networks(CSSN)
5. Design & Modelling of CSSN
6. Design & Modelling of CSSN
7. Design & Modelling of CSSN
8. Design & Modelling of CSSN
9. Iterative circuits
10. ASM Chart and its realization
11. ASM Chart and its realization
12. II Analysis of Asynchronous Sequential Circuits (ASC)
13. Analysis of Asynchronous Sequential Circuits (ASC)
14. Flow table reduction- Races in ASC
15. State assignment problem and the transition table-
Design of AS
16. State assignment problem and the transition table-
Design of AS
17. Design of Vending Machine controller
18. III Hazards – static and dynamic hazards – essential
19. Design of Hazard free circuits – Data synchronizers
20. Mixed operating mode asynchronous circuits
21. Practical issues- clock skew and jitter
22. Synchronous and asynchronous inputs – switch bouncing
23. IV Fault table method
24. Path sensitization method
25. Boolean difference method
26. Kohavi algorithm
27. Kohavi algorithm
28. Automatic test pattern generation
29. Automatic test pattern generation
30. Built in Self Test(BIST)
31. V PLA Minimization - PLA folding
32. Foldable Compatibility Matrix- Practical PLA
33. Fault model in PLA
34. Test generation and Testable PLA Design
35. Test generation and Testable PLA Design.
36. VI
CPLDs and FPGAs - Xilinx XC 9500 CPLD family,
functional block diagram– input output block
architecture - switch matrix
37.
FPGAs – Xilinx XC 4000 FPGA family – configurable
logic block - input output block, Programmable
interconnect
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 81
7.3 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
MODULE I
1. Explain the procedure to analyze a CSSN.
2. Provide five guidelines that can be followed in state assignment of CSSN?
3. When are two states considered to be equivalent in a CSSN?
4. How can state reduction be made possible in a CSSN?
5. Explain the procedure to design a CSSN.
6. What are iterative circuits? Provide two examples
7. Compare between CSSN and iterative circuits.
8. What is an ASM chart? What are the components used in building an ASM chart?
9. Explain the following:
a. State Box
b. Condition Box
c. Decision Box
d. ASM block
e. Link Path
10. Explain the procedure to realize an ASM chart.
MODULE II
1. Compare between CSSN & ASC.
2. Explain the procedure to analyze an ASC.
3. Explain two methods of Flow table reduction.
4. What are races? Illustrate with examples.
5. What is a cycle in an ASC? Give an example.
6. What is meant by fundamental mode of operation of an ASC?
7. What is meant by total input state of an ASC? Use a transition table to show the same.
8. Explain guidelines & methods used to assign states in an ASC.
9. A Vending Machine controller can be modeled as an FSM. Elaborate.
10. Explain the realization of an FSM controller for a vending machine using „C‟ and „T‟
tokens respectively for coffee & tea. Provide assumptions used.
MODULE III
1. What are hazards? Explain the types of hazards with examples.
2. What are essential hazards? Why are they called so? Give an example.
3. How can static-1 & static-0 hazards be eliminated in 2-level circuits?
4. Explain a method to redesign a circuit to eliminate dynamic hazards.
5. Explain a method to detect static & dynamic hazards in multi-level circuits.
6. What are data synchronizers? What are they used for?
7. What are mixed operating mode asynchronous circuits?
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 82
8. Explain the terms given below with illustrations:
a. Clock skew b. Jitter c. Switch Bouncing
MODULE IV
1. Differentiate between hazards & faults.
2. Explain fourdifferent methods for detecting stuck-at faults in circuits.
3. Explain a method that can be used to generate test sets automatically.
4. Draw and explain the block diagram of a BIST structure.
5. What is BILBO? Explain.
MODULE V
1. What are the PLA operations performed for area minimization? How do these make the
design area-efficient?
2. Explain how PLA minimization can be achieved using EPC theorem.
3. What are the properties of an FCM?
4. What is a companion pair in a PLA?
5. State Folding theorem.
6. Explain the procedure for folding of (Practical) PLAs, based on COMPACT algorithm.
7. Explain the fault model in PLA.
8. Discuss test generation methods. Provide the possible hardware approaches by which
PLAs can be made testable?
MODULE VI
1. Differentiate between CPLDs and FPGAs.
2. Explain the salient features of Xilinx XC 9500 family.
3. Explain the salient features of Xilinx XC 4000 family.
4. Can an FPGA provide more flexibility in design than a CPLD? Justify your answer.
5. Differentiate between IO blocks of XC 9500 and XC 4000
6. With appropriate diagrams, compare between a macrocell in XC 9500 and a CLB in XC
4000.
7. What is a product term allocator in XC 9500? Provide its internal structure and explain the
functionality.
8. Distinguish between interconnections among functional blocks in a CPLD and
programmable logic blocks in an FPGA.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 83
8
EC 365
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 84
8.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: UG PROGRAMME IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
DEGREE: B. TECH.
COURSE: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER: S5CREDITS: 3
COURSE CODE: EC365
REGULATION: 2015
COURSE TYPE: ELECTIVE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:
INSTRUMENTATION
CONTACT HOURS: 3+0 (Tutorial)
hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE
(IF ANY): NIL
LAB COURSE NAME: NA
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I
Introduction to bio-medical instrumentation system, overview of anatomy
and physiological systems of the body.
Sources of bio-electric potential: Resting and action potential, propagation
of action potentials. Bioelectric potentials examples (ECG, EEG, EMG,
ERG, EOG, EGG, etc introduction only.)
Electrode theory: Nernst relation
Bio potential electrodes: Microelectrodes, skin surface electrodes, needle
electrodes.
6
II
Heart and cardiovascular system (brief discussion), electro conduction system
of the heart. Electrocardiography, ECG machine block diagram, ECG lead
configurations, ECG recording system, Einthoven triangle, analysis of ECG
signals.
Measurement of blood pressure: Direct, indirect and relative methods of blood
pressure measurement, auscultatory method, oscillometric and ultrasonic non-
invasive pressure measurements.
Measurement of blood flow: Electromagnetic blood flow meters and
ultrasonic blood flow meters.
7
III
The human nervous system. Neuron, action potential of brain, brain waves,
types of electrodes, placement of electrodes, evoked potential, EEG recording,
analysis of EEG.
Electromyography: Nerve conduction velocity, instrumentation system for
EMG.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 85
Physiology of respiratory system (brief discussion), Respiratory parameters,
spirometer, body plethysmographs, gas exchange and distribution.
Instruments for clinical laboratory: Oxymeters, pH meter, blood cell counter,
flame photometer, spectrophotometer
8
IV
Therapeutic Equipments: Principle, block schematic diagram, working and
applications of : pacemakers, cardiac defibrillators, heart–lung machine,
dialyzers, surgical diathermy equipment, ventilators
6
V
Medical Imaging systems (Basic Principle only): X-ray imaging - Properties
and production of X-rays, X-ray machine, applications of X-rays in medicine.
Computed Tomograpy: Principle, image reconstruction, scanning system and
applications.
Ultrasonic imaging systems: Basic pulse echo system, propagation of
ultrasonic through tissues and reflections, display types, A-Scan, B-Scan, M-
Scan, applications, real-time ultrasonic imaging systems and probes.
7
VI Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Basic NMR components, Biological effects
and advantages of NMR imaging
Biomedical Telemetry system: Components of biotelemetry system,
application of telemetry in medicine, single channel telemetry system for ECG
and temperature
Patient Safety: Electric shock hazards, leakage current, safety codes for electro
medical equipments
6
TOTAL HOURS 40
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T K S Kandpur, “Hand book of Biomedical instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill 2nd e/d.
T Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell, Erich A. Pfeiffer, Biomedical Instrumentation and
Measurements, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2004
R Barbara Christe, Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation, Cambridge University
Press, 2008.
R J. J. Carr, “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology”, Pearson Education 4th
e/d.
R John G Webster, “Medical Instrumentation application and design”, John Wiley 3rd e/d.
R Richard Aston, “Principle of Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement”. Merrill
Education/Prentice Hall.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 86
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
COURSE
CODE
COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC205 Electronic Circuits To provide an insight into the working,
analysis and design of basic analog
circuits and its applications
3
EC204 Analog Integrated Circuits
To understand operational amplifier in
detail and its applications.
4
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION
1 To introduce student to basic biomedical engineering technology
2 To understand the anatomy & physiology of major systems of the body in designing
equipment for medical treatments.
3 To impart knowledge about the principle and working of different types of bio-medical
electronic equipment/devices.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION
1 To understand the importance of electronics engineering in medical field.
2 To understand the principle, working and applications of various diagnosis and therapy
related equipments.
3 To understand the working of various instruments for clinical laboratory.
4 To understand the basic principle and applications of medical imaging systems.
5 To understand the importance of telemetry in patient care and patient safety in electro-
medical equipments.
CO-PO-PSO MAPPING:
CO
No.
Programme Outcomes (POs)
Programme-
specific Outcomes
(PSOs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
1 3 3 3 2 - 3 3 - - - - 2 2 1 -
2 3 3 3 2 2 3 - - - 1 - 1 1 - -
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 - - - 1 - 1 1 2 -
4 3 3 3 3 3 2 - - - 1 - 2 1 1 1
5 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 - - - - 2 1 1 -
EC36 3 3 3 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 - - 1 - 1.6 1.2 1.3 1
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 87
5 5
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION PROPOSEDACTIONS PO MAPPING
1 Fluoroscopy Hospital Visit a,b,e,f
2 Automation in clinical laboratory Hospital Visit a,c,e
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY
VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION PO MAPPING
1 Patient Monitoring systems a, b, c,d,e,f
2 Foetal and Neonatal monitoring system a, b, c,d,e,f
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS TOPICS:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION PO MAPPING
1 Bio electric amplifiers a,b,c,d
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION
1 https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-058-principles-of-medical-imaging-
fall-2002/
2 https://in.mathworks.com/solutions/medical-devices/diagnostic-therapeutic-devices.html
3 https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc18_ec02/preview
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
CHALK & TALK STUD.
ASSIGNMENT
WEB
RESOURCES
LCD/SMART
BOARDS
STUD.
SEMINARS
ADD-ON
COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT[Append details of assessment methodologies
actually employed (including design and analysis assessment) in spreadsheet format after the
completion of each semester]
ASSIGNMENTS STUD. TESTS/MODEL UNIV.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 88
SEMINARS EXAMS EXAMINATION
STUD. LAB
PRACTICES
STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS
CERTIFICATIONS
ADD-ON
COURSES
OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
FACULTY (TWICE)
ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS
OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
AnilaKuriakose HOD-ECE
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 89
8.2 COURSE PLAN
Sl No. DATE PLANNED TOPIC
1 02-Aug-17 Introduction to the course
2 07-Aug-17 Introduction to bio-medical instrumentation system, overview of
anatomy and physiological systems of the body.
3 08-Aug-17 Sources of bio-electric potential: Resting and action potential,
propagation of action potentials
4 09-Aug-17 bio-electric potential (contd.),Bioelectric potentials examples (ECG,
EEG, EMG, ERG, EOG, EGG, etc introduction only.)
5 14-Aug-17 Electrode theory: Nernst relation
6 16-Aug-17 Bio potential electrodes: Microelectrodes, skin surface electrodes,
needle electrodes.
7 21-Aug-17 Bio potential amplifiers-instrumentation amplifiers, carrier amplifiers
8 22-Aug-17 isolation amplifiers, chopper amplifiers
9 23-Aug-17 Heart and cardiovascular system (brief discussion), electro conduction
system of the heart. Electrocardiography
10 29-Aug-17 ECG machine block diagram, ECG lead configurations
11 30-Aug-17 ECG recording system, Einthoven triangle, analysis of ECG signals.
12 11-Sep-17 Measurement of blood pressure: Direct, indirect and relative methods
of blood pressure measurement
13 18-Sep-17 auscultatory method, oscillometric and ultrasonic non-invasive
pressure measurements.
14 19-Sep-17 Measurement of blood flow: Electromagnetic blood flow meters and
ultrasonic blood flow meters.
15 20-Sep-17 The human nervous system. Neuron, action potential of brain, brain
waves, types of electrodes
16 25-Sep-17 placement of electrodes,evoked potential, EEG recording, analysis of
EEG.
17 26-Sep-17 Electromyography: Nerve conduction velocity, instrumentation
system for EMG.
18 27-Sep-17 Physiology of respiratory system (brief discussion), Respiratory
parameters, spirometer
19 03-Oct-17 bodyplethysmographs, gas exchange and distribution.
20 04-Oct-17 Oxymeters, pH meter,
21 09-Oct-17 blood cell counter
22 10-Oct-17 flame photometer, spectrophotometer
23 11-Oct-17 cardiac pacemakers
24 24-Oct-17 cardiac defibrillators
25 25-Oct-17 heart–lung machine, dialyzers
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 90
26 30-Oct-17 surgical diathermy equipment
27 31-Oct-17 ventilators
28 01-Nov-17 X-ray imaging - Properties and production of X-rays,
29 06-Nov-17 production of X-rays (contd), X-ray machine, applications of X-rays
in medicine.
30 07-Nov-17 Computed Tomograpy: Principle, image reconstruction
31 08-Nov-17 Computed Tomograpy- scanning system and applications
32 13-Nov-17 Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Basic NMR components
33 14-Nov-17 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (contd.)--Biological effects and
advantages of NMR imaging
34 15-Nov-17 Biomedical Telemetry system: Components of biotelemetry system,
application of telemetry in medicine
35 20-Nov-17 single channel telemetry system for ECG and temperature
36 21-Nov-17 Patient Safety: Electric shock hazards, leakage current, safety codes
for electro medical equipments
37 22-Nov-17 Visit to Rajagiri Hospital
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 91
8.3 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
MODULE 1
1. Define:
a. Absolute Refractory period
b. Relative Refractory period
2. What is bioelectric potential? State all or nothing law.
3. What is the need of Gel in Bio potential measurement?
4. What is ERG?
5. What is half cell potential?
6. Draw and explain the action potential waveform.
7. Explain the theory behind the Electrodes.
8. What is the use of 50Hz notch filter in bio-signal measurement?
9. Explain the characteristics of resting potential with respect to Nernst equation.
10. Discuss the different types of Electrodes used in the measurement of Bio potential.
11. What are the 4 main factors involved in the movement of ions across the cell membrane in
steady state condition.
12. Define half cell potential. What are polarisable and non-polarisable electrodes?
13. With the help of neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a typical instrumentation
amplifier.
14. Draw the equivalent circuit for a bio potential electrode in contact with an electrolyte.
15. Compare the unipolar and bipolar mode of bio signal measurement.
16. Draw the diagram of electrode-tissue interface for surface electrodes with electrode jelly.
Explain metal -electrolyte and electrolyte- skin interface.
17. What are the various types of electrodes used for ECG signal? Give a brief description of
atleast 3 types of electrodes.
18. What are the key advantages of instrumentation amplifiers over differential amplifiers?
State its application in biomedical sector.
19. Explain the working of carrier amplifiers and state its applications.
20. What are isolation amplifiers? Explain its different types.
21. Explain the principle of chopper stabilized amplifier. What are its applications?
22. With neat circuit diagram explain the different types of Isolation amplifiers.
23. What is the use of chopper stabilized dc amplifier? Explain the working of a single-ended
chopper stabilized operational amplifier.(10)
24. What is the need for an isolation amplifier? Explain the working of optically isolated
isolation amplifier.
25. What are the various electrodes used for ECG measurement? Explain any three types in
detail.
26. With relevant graph explain the relationship between action potential and muscle
contraction.
27. Define EOG and ERG.
28. What are the requirements of a good physiological transducer? Explain the operation of
any two types of physiological transducers with relevant sketches.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 92
MODULE 2
1. Write the signal characteristics of ECG.
2. Draw the electrode configuration of aaVr output.
3. Explain with neat sketch anatomy and conducting system of heart. Also discuss cardio
vascular circulating system with block diagram.
1. Sketch a typical Lead II Electrocardiogram and label all waves and intervals.
2. Write the principle behind electromagnetic blood flow meter.
3. With neat diagrams, explain the formation of various lead systems used for ECG
recording.
4. Define Cardiac output. Find the cardiac output of a person if his heart rate is 72bpm
stroke volume of 70 ml.
5. Describe the standard 12 lead configuration used in ECG and also describe the typical
ECG waveform.
6. List the various indirect methods used for blood pressure measurement.
7. Explain direct and indirect blood pressure measurement techniques.
8. Explain the blood pressure measurement using following technique
(i) Sphygmomanometer
(ii) Ultrasonic method
9. Explain the principle of electromagnetic blood flow measurement.
10. Explain with relevant equations, the working and measurement procedure of Body
plethysmographs.
11. Explain in detail with neat diagram the auscultatory method of blood pressure
measurement.
12. What are the automated indirect methods for blood pressure measurement?
13. With the help of block diagram explain the working of a typical ECG machine.
14.
MODULE 3
1. Explain the 10-20 Electrode system.
2. What is EMG? Draw the block diagram of EMG measurement and explain the need for
each block.
3. With neat schematic diagram explain the principle of following
(i) pH measurement
(ii) Flame Photometer
4. Draw the block diagram of coulter counter and explain its working.
5. Explain the technique for measuring blood PO2.
6. Why is it necessary to maintain acid-base balance in the human body? Indicate the normal
pH value for arterial and venous blood.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 93
7. State 3 reasons why abstract models are important in respiratory physiology, pulmonary
function testing and patient monitoring.
8. Explain in detail central and peripheral nervous system.
9. With a functional diagram, explain the working of a spirometer.
10. Explain with neat diagram, the working of EMG.
11. Discuss pulse oximetry.
12. Explain biotelemetry system with a neat block diagram.
13. Explain how respiration rate can be measured? Give its normal values.
14. Define the term latency in EMG.
MODULE 4
1. What is the use of biphasic DC defibrillator?
2. What is the principle of bubble oxygenator?
3. Draw the block diagram of a synchronized DC defibrillator and explain its working.
4. What is fulguration?
5. Draw the block diagram of short wave diathermy unit and explain its working.
6. Discuss the different modes of operation of cardiac pacemakers.
7. What are the classifications of defibrillators?
8. Draw and explain heart lung machine model.
9. What are the different types of oxygenators used in heart lung machine?
10. Mention the importance of defibrillator protection circuit in ECG recorder.
11. Draw and explain the schematic of evoked response audiometer and explain.
12. Write a short note on dialyzers.
13. What is the principle of surgical diathermy.
14. Explain the working of a fixed rate pacemaker.
15. Draw the typical discharge pulse of a Dc defibrillator
16. Can pain be relieved through electrical stimulation? What is the instrument for it?
MODULE 5
1. Distinguish radiographic and fluoroscopic techniques.
2. Draw the block diagram of a CT scanner and explain its operation with emphasis on
image reconstruction.
3. What are the advantages of MRI scan?
4. What do you mean by CT? Give the mathematical details of obtaining x ray images in CT.
5. Briefly explain the different modes of ultrasound scanning with suitable diagrams.
6. What are the limitations of CT scan?
7. Explain the function of diagnostic X ray equipment with neat block diagram.
8. Give the hazardous effect of ionising radiation.
9. Describe in detail the construction and working of X-ray machine.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 94
10. What are various ways by which macro shocks can be induced?
11. Explain hoe electrical safety and protection needs to be followed in handling of medical
equipments.
MODULE 6
1. What is power line interference?
2. What is leakage current?
3. Define Let-Go current of human body.
4. List the applications of bio telemetry.
5. Explain the principle of operation of MRI with suitable illustrations.
6. Explain how electrical hazards protection can be provided in biomedical instrumentation
systems.
7. Explain the working of a biotelemetry system with sub-carrier and list its advantages.
8. What is meant by single channel telemetry?
9. Elaborate on medical equipment maintenance and safety parameters in handling it.
10. Define micro and macro shocks.
11. What are the essential requirements of FM telemetry receiver.
12. Mention the situations which account for hazards from electric shock.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 95
9
EC 360
SOFT COMPUTING
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 96
9.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: Soft Computing SEMESTER: V CREDITS: 3
COURSE CODE: EC 367
REGULATION:New scheme 2015
COURSE TYPE: ELECTIVE
COURSEAREA/DOMAIN: INFORMATION
&COMMUNICATION
CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE
(IF ANY):
LAB COURSE NAME:
SYLLABUS
Course Plan
Module Course content Hours
Sem. Exam
Marks
I
Soft computing: Introduction, soft computing vs hard
computing, Fuzzy Computing, Neural Computing,
Genetic Algorithms. applications of soft computing
2
15
Introduction to fuzzy sets and systems-crispness,
vagueness, uncertainty and fuzziness. Basics of fuzzy
sets, membership functions, support of a fuzzy set height,
normalized fuzzy set, alpha cuts.
2
Type- 2 fuzzy sets. Operation on fuzzy set-complement,
intersection, union, Demorgan's Law Equality & subset
hood.
2
II
Extension Principle and its application, Fuzzy relation-
operations, projection, max-min, min-max composition,
cylindrical extension.
2
15
Reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity of fuzzy relations.
Fuzzy prepositions, fuzzy connectives, linguistic
variables, hedges.
3
Approximate reasoning or fuzzy inference, Fuzzy rule
based system. Fuzzification and defuzzification using
centroid,centre of sums.
3
III
4
15
4
IV
Introduction to Neural Networks - Applications –
Biological neuron- Typical architecture of Artificial
Neural Networks - Common activation function.
2
15
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 97
McCulloh Pitts Neuron – Architecture, logic
implementatons. Supervised and Unsupervisedlearning 4
V
Linear Separability, Pattern Classification: Perceptrons 5
20 Back propagation network and its architecture, Back
propagation learning, back propagation algorithm 3
VI
Genetic Algorithm Basic concepts, Initialization and
selection, Survival of the Fittest - Fitness Computations. 2
20
Operators - Cross over, Mutation. 4
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
Text Books: 1. Timothy J. Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications” WileyIndia. 2. Laurene V. Fausett, (1993) “Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Architecture,
Algorithms and Applications", PrenticeHall.
3. D.E. Goldberg, "Genetic Algorithms: Search, Optimization and Machine Learning",
Addison Wesley,N.Y,1989.
References: 1. S.N. Sivanandan and S.N. Deepa, Principles of Soft Computing, Wiley India, 2007.
ISBN: 10:81-265-1075-7.
2. Lin C. T. and C.S. G. Lee, Neural Fuzzy Systems, Prentice Hall,1996.
3. Ibrahim A. M., Introduction to Applied Fuzzy Electronics, PHI,2013.
4. S. Rajsekaran& G.A. VijayalakshmiPai, “Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic
Algorithm: Synthesis and Applications” Prentice Hall ofIndia.
5. K.H.Lee, First Course on Fuzzy Theory and Applications,Springer-Verlag.
6. J. Yen and R. Langari, Fuzzy Logic, Intelligence, Control and Information, Pearson Education.
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: NIL
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To familiarize various components of soft computing like fuzzy logic, neuralnetworks and
geneticalgorithm.
2 To give an overview of fuzzy Logic and to understand the concepts and terminologiesof
fuzzysystems
3 To give a description on artificial neural networks with its advantages andapplication.
4 To study the fundamentals of Genetic Algorithm(GA).
5 To understand the concepts of hybridsystems.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 98
SN
O
DESCRIPTION
1 The student will be ableto Identify and describe soft computing techniques and their
roles in building intelligent Machines.
2 Students will Acquire knowledge in applying fuzzy logic and reasoning to handle
uncertainty and solve engineeringproblems
3 Students will be able to recognize the feasibility of applying a soft computing
methodology for a particular Problem.
4 Students will Acquire knowledge in applying neural networks to pattern classification
and regression problems
5 Students will Acquire knowledge in applying genetic algorithms to combinatorial
optimizationproblems
CO-PO-PSO MAPPING:
CO
No.
Programme Outcomes (POs)
Programme-
specific Outcomes
(PSOs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
1 2 3 1 - - - - - - - - 2 1 - -
2 2 3 1 - - - - - - - - 2 1 - -
3 2 3 1 - - - - - - - - 2 1 - -
4 2 - 3 2 - - - - - - - - 2 - -
5 3 3 3 2 - - - - - - - 2 1 - -
EC36
7
2.
2 3 1.8 2 - - - - - - - 2 1.2 - -
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE CORRELATION LEVEL
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO12 PSO1
CO1 Students will
acquire the
knowledge of
various
components of
soft computing
techniques
Identify,
formulate
, review
and
analyze
soft
computin
Design
solutions
for
complex
soft
computing
problems
Understanding
of the given
outcome
enables student
to learn further
about the
upcoming
demonstrate
skills in testing
soft computing
systems
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 99
g
problems
reaching
substantia
ted
conclusio
ns by
understan
ding
these
concepts
with
appropriat
e
considerati
on for
culture and
society
techniques
CO2 Students will
be able to
apply
knowledge of
Fuzzy concepts
to solve
problems
Using the
acquired
knowledg
e
identify,
formulate
, review
and
analyze
fuzzy
logic
problems
reaching
conclusio
ns
Design
solutions
for
complex
fuzzy logic
problems
with
appropriat
e
considerati
on for
culture and
society
Understanding
of the given
outcome
enables student
to learn further
about the
modern and yet
to come fuzzy
logic
techniques
demonstrate
skills in testing
fuzzy logic
techniques
CO3 Students will
be able to
apply
knowledge of
soft computing
methodology
to solve
problems
Using the
acquired
knowledg
e
identify,
formulate
, review
and
analyze
soft
computin
g
methodol
ogy
reaching
conclusio
ns
Design
solutions
for soft
computing
methodolo
gy
problems
with
appropriat
e
considerati
on for
culture and
society
Understanding
of the given
outcome
enables student
to learn further
about the
modern soft
computing
methodology
demonstrate
skills in testing
soft computing
methodology
CO4 Students will
be able to
apply
knowledge of
applying
neural
networks to
Design
pattern
classificati
on and
regression
problems
using the
Designin
g leads to
conduct
investigat
ions and
research
methods
demonstrate
skills in testing
pattern
classification
and regression
problems
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 100
pattern
classification
and regression
problems
acquired
knowledge
of existing
methods
to find
solutions
With
neural
networks
CO5 Students will
acquire the
knowledge of
in applying
genetic
algorithms to
combinatorial
optimizationpr
oblems
Using the
acquired
knowledg
e
identify,
formulate
, review
and
analyze
combinat
orial
optimizat
ion
problems
reaching
conclusio
ns
Design
combinato
rial
optimizati
on
problems
using the
acquired
knowledge
of existing
methods
Designin
g leads to
conduct
investigat
ions and
research
methods
to find
solutions
wih GA
method
Understanding
of the given
outcome
enables student
to learn further
about the
changing
trends in
combinatorial
optimizationpr
oblems
demonstrate
skills in testing
and designing
algorithms to
combinatorial
optimizationpr
oblems
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 MATLAB-Neural Network tool box, fuzzy toolbox, GA tool box Tool
Discussion
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY
VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Study of different Hybrid intelligent systems and their applications (pros and cons)
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106106046/41
2 http://www2.cs.siu.edu/~rahimi/cs437/
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 101
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
CHALK & TALK STUD.
ASSIGNMENT
WEB
RESOURCES
LCD/SMART
BOARDS
STUD.
SEMINARS
ADD-ON
COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
ASSIGNMENTS STUD.
SEMINARS
TESTS/MODEL
EXAMS
UNIV.
EXAMINATION
STUD. LAB
PRACTICES
STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS
CERTIFICATIONS
ADD-ON
COURSES
OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
FACULTY (TWICE)
ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS
OTHERS
Prepared by Approved
(HOD)
Jayanthi.V.S
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 102
9.2 COURSE PLAN
1
Soft computing: Introduction of soft
computing, soft computing vs hard
computing,
2
various types of soft computing techniques,
applications of soft computing.
3
Introduction to fuzzy sets and systems-
crispness, vagueness, uncertainty and
fuzziness. Basics of fuzzy sets
4
membership functions, support of a fuzzy set
height, normalized fuzzy set, alpha cuts,
Type- 2 fuzzy sets. Operation on fuzzy set-
complement, intersection, union,
Demorgan's Law Equality & subset hood.
5 Extension Principle and its application.
6
Fuzzy relation operations, projection, max-
min , min-max composition
7
Cylindrical extension Reflexivity, symmetry
and transitivity of fuzzy relations.
8 Fuzzy prepositions, fuzzy connectives
9 linguistic variables, hedges
10 Approximate reasoning or fuzzy inference
11 Fuzzy rule based system.
12
Fuzzification and defuzzification using
centroid ,center of sums
13 tutorial
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 103
14
Introduction to Neural Networks -
Applications – Biological neuron
15
Typical architecture of Artificial Neural
Networks - Common activation function.
16
Mc. Culloh Pitts Neuron – Architecture,
logic implementations
17 Supervised and Unsupervised learning
18 Learning Algorithms
19 Linear Seperability
20
Pattern Association- training algorithms-
Hetro Associative Network
21
Auto Associative Network, Hopfield
Network,
22 BAM Network.
23
Back propagation learning methods-
(Architecture)
24 back propagation algorithm
25
Factors affecting back propagation training
& applications.
26 Genetic Algorithm (GA) Basic concepts
27
Genetic representations, (encoding) - Fitness
Computations
28
Initialization and selection, Survival of the
Fittest
29
Initialization and selection, Survival of the
Fittest
30 Cross over - Mutation –Reproduction,
31 applications
32
Rank method–Rank space method AI search
algorithm
33 Introduction to Neural Fuzzy Controller
34
Neural Fuzzy controller with hybrid
structure
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 104
35
Parameter learning for Neural fuzzy
controllers
36
Neural Fuzzy controller with Fuzzy
singleton Rules
37
Neural Fuzzy controller with Fuzzy
singleton Rules
38
Integration of neural networks, fuzzy logic
and genetic algorithms
39
Integration of neural networks, fuzzy logic
and genetic algorithms
40 REVISION
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 105
9.3 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Module1
1. What is soft computing?
2. Compare soft computing vs. hard computing.
3. Classify the various types of soft computing techniques and Mention some application
areas for NN
4. Distinguish between artificial neuron & biological neuron
5. Name the activation functions used in ANN.
6. Distinguish between supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
7. Explain a single layer net and multilayer net.
8. What do you mean by NN architecture?
9. Sketch the model of artificial neuron
10. Write the expression for bipolar and binary step activation function
11. Write the expression for bipolar and binary sigmoid activation function
12. Draw a network for solving Exclusive OR problem.
13. Distinguish between recurrent and non-recurrent networks
14. Distinguish between the feed forward and feedback neural networks.
15. Define Learning
16. What are the different types of learning rules?
17. Define bias.
18. Define Training.
19. What are the different types of training?
20. Write the output equation of a 3 input – 1 output single layer perceptron with bias.
21. What is the building block of the perceptron?
22. Does perceptron require supervised learning? Justify your answer.
23. List the limitations of perceptron and applications of perceptron network.
24. Implement AND function using perceptron networks for bipolar inputs and targets.
25. Implement OR function using perceptron networks for bipolar inputs and targets.
26. Implement ANDNOT function when all the inputs are presented only one time. Use
bipolar inputs and targets.
27. What is Hebbian learning?
28. Describe the Hebbian learning rule
29. List the various architectures of ANNs and draw appropriate diagrams
30. What is XOR problem? Draw and explain the architectural graph of network for solving
the XOR problem.
31. Distinguish between linearly separable and nonlinearly separable problems. Give
examples.
32. Explain the various elements of artificial neural network with functionalities.
33. What are activation functions? Give examples with necessary graphical representation.
34. Write the mathematical equation of commonly used activation functions along with its
characteristics.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 106
35. Consider a simple perceptron model with four inputs. Let the initial weight vector be [1
-1 0.5 0]T. Set of input training vectors are x1=[1 -2 0 -1]T, x2=[0 1.5 -0.5 -1]T and
x3=[-1 1 0.5 -1]T .Desired responses for these input vectors are -1, -1, and 1
respectively. The activation function is sign(x). Illustrate perceptron learning process
36. Draw the architecture of multi-layer perceptron and explain the training methodology
using the forward pass and reverse pass algorithms. Also, derive the weight adjustment
equations of multi-layer perceptron
37. Explain the training algorithm of single layer perceptron with a neat architecture.
Also,suggest suitable solutions to overcome the drawbacks of perceptron
Module2
1. List the factors affecting back propagation training
2. What is a back propagation NN?
3. What are merits and demerits of Back Propagation Algorithm?
4. What are the applications of back propagation algorithm?
5. What are the four main steps in back propagation algorithm?
6. Explain stability-plasticity dilemma
7. What is meant by winner take all?
8. Draw the basic model of Adaline network.
9. Why Hopfield network is called as recurrent neural network?
10. Mention the applications of ART Network
11. What are the two subsystems in ART network?
12. With appropriate diagram show how error information is propagated back through a
MLFNN.
13. Describe briefly the difference between Autoassociative and Heterassociative
memory.
14. Explain local minima and global minima.
15. What are the factors that improve the convergence of learning in BPN network?
16. What is the necessity of momentum factor in weight updation process?
17. Draw the diagram of fully recurrent Discrete Hopfield network with 3 output units and
describe the steps involved in its training and recall.
18. Draw the architecture of ART1 network and give brief descriptions about its
functional modules.
19. Describe Adaptive resonance theory with an example.
20. With a neat diagram explain the architecture and training algorithm of the Back
propagation network
21. Draw and explain the architecture of Back propagation neural network (BPN). Also,
explain the training methodology of BPN with necessary mathematical expressions.
22. Explain the factors affecting back propagation training‟
23. Explain the working of a self-organizing map
24. Describe with a neat diagram the architecture of recurrent network to perform XOR
task with two inputs.
25. Draw the architecture of Hopfield net. Design Hopfield net for 4 bit bipolar pattern
The training pattern are I sample S1[1,1,-1,-1] II sample S2[-1,1,-1,1] III sample S3[-
1,-1,-1,1]
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 107
MODULE 3&4
1. What are classical sets?
2. List the operations on classical sets
3. List the properties of crisp sets
4. What are Fuzzy sets?
5. List the Fuzzy set operations?
6. Differentiate classical and fuzzy set
7. List the properties of fuzzy sets
8. Compare and contrast classical set theory and fuzzy set theory.
9. Define fuzzification
10. What are fuzzy relations?
11. List the operations on fuzzy relations.
12. Define Defuzzification.
13. Define fuzzy singleton
14. Differentiate fuzzification and defuzzification
15. List the defuzzification methods.
16. Explain the defuzzification method of center of sums
17. Mention some applications of Fuzzy logic
18. What is alpha or lambda cut set
19. What is cardinality of a Fuzzy set?
20. What is an empty Fuzzy set?
21. What do you mean by height of a Fuzzy set?
22. Explain Centre of gravity method of defuzzification.
23. Explain Fuzzy compliment and Fuzzy relation‟
24. Classify the different Fuzzy relation operation.
25. Draw the block diagram of a Fuzzy logic system.
26. Describe membership function
27. Define a Fuzzy Cartesian product.
28. Explain the difference between conventional control and fuzzy control system
29. Let A be a fuzzy set defined by: A=0.5/x1 + 0 . - 4 / x 2 + 0 . 7 / x 3 + 0 . 8 / x 4 +
l/.x5 . Find a-cuts and strong a-cuts of A
30. Define core of a membership function.
31. Define boundaries of a membership function.
32. What is a normal fuzzy set.
33. Define cross over points of a membership function
34. Define height of a fuzzy set.
35. What is a fuzzy logic controller?
36. Brief about various features of membership functions.
37. Explain different methods of defuzzification.
38. Write an example for linguistic variable and values.
39. What is a fuzzy set? Describe the operations on fuzzy sets with examples
40. A linguistic variable x which measures the academic excellence is taken from
universe of discourse U= 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. The membership functions are
defined as follows
(Excellent)=(8, 0.2) (9, 0.6) (10 1), 𝛍(good)=(6 0.1) (7 0.5) (8, 0.9) (9,1) (10 1)
Construct the membership function of Good but not excellent.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 108
41. The membership function fuzzy sets of representing resistance (Re), current (I)
and speed (N) of DC motor is given below.
120
2.0
100
1
60
7.0
30
3.0Re ;
120
1.0
100
1
80
8.0
60
6.0
40
4.0
20
2.0I
1800
15.0
1500
1
1000
67.0
500
33.0N
Find the relationship R= Re X I and S=I X N. Also find Max-Min composition of RS.
42. Determine the third relation T using the max-min composition method for the
relations given below:
R is a 3×4 matrix with [1 0 1 0] in the first row; [0 0 0 1] in the second row
and [0 0 0 0] in the third row.S is a 4×2 matrix with [0 0 0 0] in the first
column and [1 0 1 0] in the second column.
43. Explain in detail the design of a fuzzy controller to maintain the temperature of
water heater. Assume inputs to the controller are temperature of water varying
from 00C to 1250C and level of water in the heater varying from 0 to 10. Output of
the controller is the knob position varying from 0 to 10 to adjust the flow of steam
to maintain the temperature of water at 600C.
44. With an application of your choice explain the various stages of Fuzzy Controller. Include the block diagram, fuzzy sets, membership functions that are being
decided upon, Fuzzy rule base, the type of inference that is being carried out, and
the defuzzificationprocess .
45. What are the basic elements of a fuzzy logic control system.
46. Mathematically, express any five defuzzification techniques along with the graphical
representations.
47. .For the given fuzzy sets,
~
5
2.0
4
3.0
3
5.0
2
1
A
5
4.0
4
2.0
3
7.0
2
5.0B
Determine the following:
i) Complement ii) Union iii) Intersection iv)
Difference
v) De-Morgan‟s laws vi) Excluded Middle laws
48. A fuzzy relation R is a matrix of size 2×2 with elements from X= [x1, x2] and Y= [y1,
y2]. The second fuzzy relation is a matrix of size 2×3 with elements from Y= [y1, y2]
and Z = [z1, z2, z3]. The relations are given by,
4.08.0
5.07.0R
; S=
5.07.01.0
2.06.09.0
Determine the third relation T using the max-min composition method
49. Discuss the various defuzzification techniques with neat sketches. Include
mathematical equations wherever necessary
50. Explain the architecture of a fuzzy logic controller and the steps involved in
designing a fuzzy controller with suitable example.
Module 5
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 109
1. What are the basic Genetic Algorithm Operators/state the operators of Genetic
Algorithm?
2. What is Roulette wheel selection in GA?
3. Classify the types of coding employed in Genetic Algorithm?
4. How is Genetic Algorithm differ from traditional algorithm?
5. How do you select mutation in GA?
6. Discuss the main function of cross over operation in Genetic Algorithm?
7. Mention the role of fitness function in GA and what are the requirements of GA
8. What is cross over rate?
9. What are Neuro-Fuzzy Systems?
10. Describe the terms, crossover rate, mutation, reproduction, Roulette wheel selection
and Fitness function in Genetic Algorithm.
11. What is genetic algorithm? Explain different steps of genetic algorithm with a flow
chart
12. Describe the various reproduction operators of Genetic Algorithm. Use sketches to
illustrate the concepts of crossover and mutation operators.
13. Describe the different types of selection of chromosomes in GA with examples.
14. Describe the components and working of the neuro fuzzy logic controller with a neat
diagram
15. Discuss in detail the applications of Genetic Algorithms.
16. Bring out the differences and similarities between GA and other traditional methods.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 110
10
EC 341
DESIGN PROJECT
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 111
10.1.COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: ELECTRONICS &
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING.
DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: DESIGN PROJECT SEMESTER: S5 CREDITS: 2
COURSE CODE: EC341
REGULATION: 2010
COURSE TYPE: CORE /ELECTIVE /
BREADTH/ S&H
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:
ELECTRONICS
CONTACT HOURS: 2+1 (Tutorial)
hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE
(IF ANY): NIL
LAB COURSE NAME:NIL
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I
Study:Take minimum three simple products, processes or techniques in
the area ofspecialisation, study, analyse and present them. The analysis
shall be focused on functionality,strength, material, quality, reliability,
aesthetics, ergonomics, safety,manufacture/construction,maintenance,
handling, sustainability, cost etc. whichever are applicable
18
II Design :The project team shall identify an innovative product, process or
technology and proceedwith detailed design. 18
TOTAL HOURS 36 hrs.
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
Michael Luchs, Scott Swan, Abbie Griffin, 2015. Design Thinking. 405 pages, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: NIL
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
SNO DESCRIPTION
1 To understand the engineering aspects of design with reference to simple products.
2 To develop design that add value to products and solve technical problems.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
1 Ability to analyse the design and technological aspects of existing products with
reference to the customer needs
2 Ability to think innovatively on the analysis of the problem requirements and arrive at
workable design solutions
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 112
CO-PO-PSO MAPPING:
CO
No.
Programme Outcomes (POs)
Programme-
specific Outcomes
(PSOs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
JUSTIFICATION FOR CO-PO-PSO CORRELATION:
PO1
PO2 PO3 PO4
PO
5 PO6 PO7
PO
9
PO11
PSO1
PS
02
PSO
3
C
O
1
To
desig
n a
produ
ct
that
satisf
ies
the
desig
n
criter
ia
requi
res
math
emati
cal
calcu
lation
s
The
proble
m has
to be
analys
ed
effecti
vely
for
design
ing
the
produ
ct that
meet
the
requir
ement
s
The
prod
uct
mus
t
satis
fies
the
envi
ron
men
tal
con
ditio
ns
and
heal
th of
the
cust
ome
rs
Very
comp
lex
probl
em
must
also
be
analy
sed
while
desig
ning
the
produ
ct
Mo
der
n too
ls
and
tec
hni
que
sar
e
nee
ded
for
des
ign
ing
the
npr
odu
ct
that
me
ets
the
req
uir
em
ent
s
While
desig
ning a
produ
ct ,it
must
consi
der
the
safety
and
health
of
custo
mer
Whil
e
dwsi
gning
a
produ
ct we
must
analy
se the
produ
ct in
envir
onme
ntal
conte
xt
Th
e
co
mp
lete
ded
icat
ion
is
nee
ded
for
bri
ngi
ng
up
a
suc
ess
ful
pro
duc
t
We
must be
expert in
managin
g the
team for
designin
g the
product
accordin
g to our
needs
Imple
menta
tion
and
desig
n of
produ
ct
Im
ple
me
ntat
ion
and
des
ign
of
pro
duc
t
Grou
p
Assi
gnm
ent,
Semi
nar
and
Stud
y of
syste
m
upgr
adati
on
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 113
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION
REQUIREMENTS: NIL
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN: NIL
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS TOPICS:
Sl.
No.
DESCRIPTION
PO MAPPING
1 Design & analysis of Electronic Devices \ Technology
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
http://www.explainthatstuff.com
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
CHALK & TALK STUD.
ASSIGNMENT
WEB
RESOURCES
LCD/SMART
BOARDS
STUD. SEMINARS ADD-ON
COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
C
O
2
To
analy
se the
custo
mer
requi
reme
nts
we
need
engin
eerin
g
know
ledge
House
of
Qualit
y
metho
d is
more
efficie
nt for
proble
m
analys
is
By
look
ing
at
the
Hou
se of
Qua
lity
anal
ysis
we
can
esily
iden
tify
the
safet
y
and
heal
th
Very
comp
lex
probl
em
can
be
easily
identi
fied
By
lookin
g at
the
House
of
Qualit
y
analys
is we
can
esily
identi
fy the
safety
and
health
Whil
e
dwsi
gning
a
produ
ct we
must
analy
se the
produ
ct in
envir
onme
ntal
conte
xt
Imple
menta
tion
and
desig
n of
produ
ct
Im
ple
me
ntat
ion
and
des
ign
of
pro
duc
t
Grou
p
Assi
gnm
ent,
Semi
nar
and
Stud
y of
syste
m
upgr
adati
on
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 114
ASSIGNMENTS STUD.
SEMINARS
TESTS/MODEL EXAMS UNIV.
EXAMINATION
STUD. LAB
PRACTICES
STUD.
VIVA
MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS
CERTIFICATIO
NS
ADD-ON COURSES OTHERS PRESENTATIONS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
ASSESSMENT OF COURSE
OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,
ONCE)
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
FACULTY (TWICE)
ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS
OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
Mr.NithinBabu Dr.Jobin K Antony
(HOD)
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 115
10.2 COURSE PLAN
Sl.No Day Planned
1 Day 1 Introduction to Design Project
2 Day 2 Abstract Presentation
3 Day 3 Abstract Presentation
4 Day 4 Abstract Presentation
5 Day 5 First Evaluation
6 Day 6 Discussions
7 Day 7 Second Evaluation
8 Day 8 Second Evaluation
9 Day 9 Discussions
10 Day 10 Final PPT and report preperations
11 Day 11 Discussions
12 Day 12 Final Evaluation
13 Day 13 Final Evaluation
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 116
11
EC 223
Digital Signal Processing Lab
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 117
11.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: Electronics &
Communication Engineering
DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: Digital Signal Processing Lab SEMESTER: 5 CREDITS: 1
COURSE CODE: EC333
REGULATION: 2015
COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Signal
Processing using MATLAB
CONTACT HOURS: 3 hrs.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE
(IF ANY):
LAB COURSE NAME: Digital Signal
Processing Lab
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
Part A: Experiments on Digital Signal Processor/ DSP kits: (All
experiments are mandatory)
1 Generation of sine wave and standard test signals. 3 hrs.
2 Convolution : Linear and Circular 3 hrs.
3 Real Time FIR Filter implementation (Low-pass, High-pass and Band-
pass) by inputting a signal from the signal generator
3 hrs.
4 Real Time IIR Filter implementation ( Low-pass, High-pass and Band-
pass) by inputting a signal from the signal generator
3 hrs.
5 Sampling of analog signal and study of aliasing. 3 hrs.
Part B: Experiments based on MATLAB (7 experiments are
mandatory)
1 Generation of Waveforms (Continuous and Discrete) 3 hrs.
2 Verification of Sampling Theorem. 3 hrs.
3 Time and Frequency Response of LTI systems (First and second order). 3 hrs.
4 Linear Convolution, Circular Convolution and Linear Convolution using
Circular Convolution.
3 hrs.
5 To find the DFT and IDFT for the given input sequence. 3 hrs.
6 Linear convolution using DFT (Overlap-add and Overlap-Save methods). 3 hrs.
7 To find the DCT and IDCT for the given input sequence. 3 hrs.
8 To find FFT and IFFT for the given input sequence. 3 hrs.
9 FIR and IIR filter design using Filter Design Toolbox. 3 hrs.
10 FIR Filter (Low-pass, High-pass and Band-pass) design (Window
method).
3 hrs.
11 IIR Filter (Low-pass, High-pass and Band-pass) design (Butterworth and
Chebychev).
3 hrs.
12 Generation of AM, FM & PWM waveforms and their spectrum. 3 hrs.
13 Generation of DTMF signal. 3 hrs.
14 Study of sampling rate conversion (Decimation, Interpolation, Rational
factor).
3 hrs.
15 Filtering of noisy signals 3 hrs.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 118
16 Implementation of simple algorithms in audio processing (delay, reverb,
flange etc.).
3 hrs.
17 Implementation of simple algorithms in image processing (detection, de-
noising, filtering etc.)
3 hrs.
TOTAL HOURS 36 hrs.
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
1 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING using MATLAB by Vinay K Ingle & John G.
Proakis
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC213 Electronics Design Automation
Lab
3
EC 202 Signals & Systems 4
EC301 Digital Signal Processing 5
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 Understand the basics of Matlab software.
2 They will be able to perform generation signals and operations on signals such as
convolution.
3 They will understand Discrete Fourier transform and it inverse, DCT & its inverse.
4 They will also perform Fast Fourier transform and observe the time saving in the case of
FFT.
5 They will do the design and implementation of FIR and IIR filter using Matlab.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION
1 Students will demonstrate skills to use modern engineering tools such as Matlab ,
2 Students will model standard waveforms in the digital domain, verify sampling
theorem and demonstrate arithmetic operations between these signals
3 Students will show ability toexperiment with discrete transforms such as DFT , DCT
and build fast implementation of DFT vis. DIT and DIF
4 Students will demonstrate ability to design and simulate digital filters, analyze and
interpret data through practical implementation of the filters
5 Students will show ability to do projects in the area of Signal processing such as
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 119
filter design, data compression techniques etc.
CO MAPPING WITH PO, PSO
PO
1
PO
2
PO
3
PO
4
PO
5
PO
6
PO
7
P
O
8
PO
9
P
O
10
P
O
11
P
O
12
PSO
1
PSO
2
PSO
3
CO1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
CO2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2
CO3 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
CO4 3 3 3 3 3 3
CO5 1 3 1
EC33
3
2 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Justification for the correlation level assigned in each cell of the table above.
PO1 PO2 PO3
PO
4 PO5 PO6 PO7
P
O
8
PO
9
P
O
1
0
P
O
11
PO
12
PSO
1
P
S
O
2
P
S
O
3
C
O
1
Stud
ents
will
get
the
abili
ty to
dem
onst
rate
mod
ern
tool
s
Appr
opriat
e
tools
knowl
edge
can
be
used
for
deep
invest
igatio
n of
compl
ex
probl
em
Stu
den
ts
gai
ns
the
abil
ity
to
ide
ntif
y,
for
mul
ate
and
anal
yze
eng
inee
Stude
nts
get
abilit
y to
mode
l
comp
lex
engin
eerin
g
probl
ems
Provi
des a
platfo
rm to
use
tools
for
practi
cal
skills
Stud
ents
will
be
able
to
give
solut
ions
in
soci
etal
and
envi
rone
mnta
l
cont
exts
Per
for
ma
s a
tea
m
and
con
trib
ute
as
an
ind
ivi
dua
l
W
ill
be
ab
le
to
m
an
ag
e
pr
oj
et
cs
Prov
ide a
platf
orm
to
dem
onsr
ate
their
prog
ram
min
g
skill
s
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 120
ring
pro
ble
m
C
O
2
Stu
dent
s
gain
the
abili
ty
to
iden
tify,
for
mul
ate,
and
anal
yze
engi
neer
ing
pro
ble
m
Prov
ide a
platf
orm
to
dem
onsr
ate
their
prac
tical
skill
s
C
O
3
Kno
wle
dge
in
basi
c
scie
nce
and
engi
neer
ing
fund
ame
ntals
is
Appr
opriat
e
tools
knowl
edge
can
be
used
for
deepi
nvesti
gation
of
compl
ex
Deve
lopin
g a
soluti
on/pr
oduct
provi
des a
platfo
rm to
apply
ethic
al
princi
ples
It
prov
ides
a
platf
orm
to
solv
e
engi
neer
ing
prob
lems
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 121
requ
ire
in
desi
gn
and
deve
lop
men
t
probl
ems
C
O
4
Stu
dent
s
will
be
able
to
anal
yze
com
plex
pro
ble
ms
usin
g
prin
cipl
es
of
mat
hem
atic
s
Dev
elo
p
prje
ct/
app
lica
tion
s
wit
h
hel
p of
effi
cien
t
proj
ect
pla
nni
ng
C
O
5
App
licat
ion
of
kno
wle
dge
in
Deve
lopin
g a
soluti
on/pr
oduct
provi
des a
Perf
orm
as a
tea
m
and
con
trib
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 122
basi
c
scie
nce
and
engi
neer
ing
fund
ame
ntals
is
requ
ired
in
proj
ect
desi
gn
and
deve
lop
men
t
platfo
rm to
apply
ethic
al
princi
ples
uta
as
an
indi
vid
ual
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
PO
MAPPING
PSO
Mapping
1 Properties of System Test 1,2,3,7,9,12 1,2
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY
VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
Sl.
No. DESCRIPTION PO MAPPING
PSO
MAPPING
1 IIR & FIR filter Design without using function
1,2,3,4,6,7 1,2,3
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 http:// www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/
2 http:// www.slideshare.net
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 123
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
CHALK & TALK STUD.
ASSIGNMENT
WEB
RESOURCES
LCD/SMART
BOARDS
STUD.
SEMINARS
ADD-ON
COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
ASSIGNMENTS STUD.
SEMINARS
TESTS/MODEL
EXAMS
UNIV.
EXAMINATION
STUD. LAB
PRACTICES
STUD. VIVA Advance
Experiments
CERTIFICATIONS
ADD-ON
COURSES
OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
ASSESSMENT OF COURSE
OUTCOMES(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)
STUDENT FEEDBACK ON
FACULTY (TWICE)
ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS
OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
Ms.Rinju Mariam Rolly
Ms.NeethuRadhaGopan
Ms.Sabna N Dr.Jobin K. Antony
(Faculty in charges) (HOD)
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 124
11.2 COURSE PLAN
Sl.No Day Planned
1 1 Generation of sine wave and standard test signals
2 2 Verification of Sampling Theorem.
3 3
Linear Convolution, Circular Convolution and Linear
Convolution using Circular Convolution
4 4 To find the DFT and IDFT for the given input sequence
5 5 To find FFT and IFFT for the given input sequence
6 6 Generation of AM, FM waveforms and their spectrum.
7 7
FIR Filter (Low-pass, High-pass and Band-pass)design
(Window method).
8 8 Generation of sine wave and standard test signals.
9 9 Convolution : Linear and Circular
10 10
Real Time FIR Filter implementation (Low-pass, High-
pass and Band-pass) by inputting a signal from the signal
generator
11 11
Real Time IIR Filter implementation ( Low-pass, High-
pass and Band-pass) by inputting a signal from the signal
generator
12 12 Sampling of analog signal and study of aliasing.
13 13 Practice Lab
14 14 Model Lab Exam
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 125
11.3 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. List four basic blocks of an op-amp.
2. Define: i) CMRR ii) Input offset current.
3. List four characteristics of Op-amp with their Ideal values.
4. Define: i) Bandwidth ii) Pass band with respect to filters.
5. State the function of the following pins with respect to the IC 555.
a. Trigger ii) Discharge.
6. List four advantages of active filters over passive filters.
7. Draw neat diagram of Zero crossing detector.
8. What is slew rate? Explain with waveform.
9. Draw pin diagram of μA741c. Differentiate between open loop and closed loop
configuration of Op-amp with at least four points.
10. Draw ideal voltage transfer curve for Op-amp under open loop and closed loop
11. What is offset voltage? Explain the process of offset nulling.
12. Explain the concept of virtual grounding?
13. Draw the diagram for getting VO α V1 V2 and give the expression at the output of each
stage.
14. Draw and explain inverting zero crossing detector. Draw output waveform for
sinusoidal input.
15. Suggest the circuit to generate square wave signal from sine wave input .Draw the
diagram of the same and explain it with waveform.
16. Draw the diagram of basic integrator and derive the equation for its output voltage.
17. Draw frequence response of i) Low pass filter ii) High pass filter iii) Band pass filter
iv) Band reject filter
18. Draw the circuit of instrumentation amplifier using 3-opamp and derive the equation
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 126
for its output voltage.
19. Determine the output voltage for open loop Inverting amplifier if Vin = 20mV dc and
draw input and output waveforms.
20. Draw the designed circuit for getting output voltage Vo = - (Va+Vb+Vc)/3 and suggest
modification for converting into scaling amplifier.
21. Draw the neat ideal and practical frequency responses with correct labeling for i) First
order LP Butterworth filter, ii) Wide band reject filter.
22. Draw neat circuit of first order HP Butterworth filter. Derive the equation for gain of
the filter.
23. Design a notch filter for the frequency of 100Hz. Draw the designed ckt. With
frequency response.
24. Design first order LP Butterworth filter at a cutoff frequency of 1 KHz with pass band
gain of 2.
25. Draw the circuit of voltage to current converter and show how output current depends
on the input voltage. Give any two application of it.
26. Design a monostable MV for the output pulse width of 10ms.
27. Draw and explain astablemultivibrator using IC 555.
Calculate the duty cycle of it with Ra= 3.3K_, Rb= 10K_ and c= 0.047μF.
28. Draw the circuit of narrow band reject filter with labeled frequency response and
expression of notch frequency.
29. Design a second order high pass Butterworth filter with a cut off frequency 1.5 KHz.
Draw the designed circuit.
30. Draw the block diagram of PLL system and explain its working?
31. Draw and explain touch plate switch using IC 555 timer.
32. Design a simple circuit of water level detector using IC 555 timer.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 127
33. Design a wide band pass filter with lower cut off frequency 200Hz and higher cut
off frequency 1 KHz and pass band gain = 4.
Semester V, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 128
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