countess wear waste water treatment works (new electricity
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Countess Wear Waste Water
Treatment Works (new electricity supply)
Exeter, Devon
Archaeological Watching Brief
for: Kier Utilities & Rail | Water
CA Project: EX0134 CA Report: EX0134_1
OASIS ID: cotswold2-403912
September 2020
Countess Wear Waste Water
Treatment Works (new electricity supply)
Exeter, Devon
Archaeological Watching Brief
CA Project: EX0134 CA Report: EX0134_1
OASIS ID: cotswold2-403912
Document Control Grid
Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for revision
Approved by
A 24 September
2020
Derek Evans – Internal review
– Derek Evans
This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their
own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.
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Andover Stanley House Walworth Road Andover Hampshire SP10 5LH t. 01264 347 630
Exeter Unit 1, Clyst Units Cofton Road Marsh Barton Exeter EX2 8QW t. 01392 573 970
Suffolk Unit 5, Plot 11 Maitland Road Lion Barn Industrial Estate Needham Market Suffolk IP6 8NZ t. 01449 900 120
e. enquiries@cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
1
Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology
CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 3
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 4
2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...................................................................... 5
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................... 5
4. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 6
5. RESULTS................................................................................................................. 6
6. DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................... 7
7. CA PROJECT TEAM ................................................................................................ 7
8. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 7
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................... 8
APPENDIX B: OASIS REPORT FORM.................................................................................. 9
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Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000)
Fig. 2 The site, showing monitored groundworks (1:20,000, 1:2000)
Fig. 3 Photographs
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Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology
SUMMARY
Project name: Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works
Location: Exeter, Devon
NGR: 292609 090496 to 294828 089062
Type: Watching brief
Date: 30 July and 17 August 2020
Planning reference: Teignbridge District Council ref: 17/01155/FUL
OASIS ID: cotswold2-403912
Location of Archive: N/A
Site Code: MABA20
In July and August 2020, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological watching brief
during the installation of an electrical supply wire from the Exeter Energy Recovery Facility at
Marsh Barton to South West Water’s Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works. The
watching brief requirement applied only to that part of the scheme which is within
Teignbridge District Council’s boundaries
The watching brief identified no archaeological remains within the area of observed
groundworks. This may be due to an absence of archaeological remains in the monitored
area, although it may also be the case that any remains which might be present were not
exposed by the limited groundworks.
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Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology
1. INTRODUCTION
In July and August 2020, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological 1.1.
watching brief during the installation of an electrical supply wire from the Exeter
Energy Recovery Facility at Marsh Barton (NGR: 292609 090496) to South West
Water’s Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (NGR: 294828 089062; Fig.
1). This watching brief was undertaken for Kier Utilities & Rail | Water.
Teignbridge District Council has granted planning permission for the scheme 1.2.
(planning ref: 17/01155/FUL). Condition 3 of the planning permission required the
implementation of a programme of archaeological work in accordance with an
approved WSI.
The scope of the watching brief was defined by Stephen Reed (Senior Historic 1.3.
Environment Officer, Devon County Council Historic Environment Team). The
watching brief was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation
(WSI) prepared by CA (2020) and approved by Stephen Reed.
The watching brief was also in line with Specification for a programme of 1.4.
Archaeological Monitoring and Recording (also known as a Watching Brief) (Devon
County Council 2020), Standard and guidance for an archaeological watching brief
(CIfA 2014; updated June 2020), Management of Research Projects in the Historic
Environment (MoRPHE) PPN 3: Archaeological Excavation (Historic England 2015)
and Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE
Project Managers' Guide (Historic England 2015).
The site The new electrical supply wire originates from the Exeter Energy Recovery Facility, 1.5.
which lies on the eastern side of Grace Road South, in the Marsh Barton area of
Exeter. The wire terminates at South West Water’s Countess Wear Waste Water
Treatment Works, which lies between the River Exe and the Exeter Ship Canal, on
the fringes of the Exeter suburb of Lower Wear. The full cable route is
approximately 3km in extent and largely runs through greenspace along the south-
western side of the Exeter Ship Canal.
The underlying bedrock geology in the north-western part of the cable route is 1.6.
mapped as Alphington Breccia Formation, which formed in the Permian Period.
This is overlain by alluvial clays, silts, sands and gravels (BGS 2020).
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Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology
The underlying bedrock geology in the south-eastern part of the cable route (the 1.7.
area south-east of Bridge Road) is mapped as Heavitree Breccia Formation, which
formed in the Permian Period. This is overlain by Tidal Flat Deposits of clay, silt,
sand and gravel (BGS 2020).
2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
The cable route lies within reclaimed land of the River Exe floodplain and has 2.1.
potential for palaeoenvironmental sediments, such as prehistoric peat beds.
An archaeological watching brief carried out at the site of the Chrysler Garage 2.2.
(Matford Park Road; c. 625m south-west of the cable route) recorded a
palaeochannel containing Neolithic wood fragments (Exeter Archaeology 2000).
Historic England (HE) records the cropmarks of at least six possible prehistoric 2.3.
round barrows in the land between the Exeter Energy Recovery Facility and the
Exeter Ship Canal (HE ref: 1047938), as well as the cropmarks of a possible Iron
Age/Roman square enclosure off Bad Homburg Way (c. 530m south-west of the
cable route; HE ref: 447942).
The Countess of Devon, Isabella de Fortibus, constructed a weir across the River 2.4.
Exe in the 1280s. This weir was in the broad location of the present Countess Wear
Bridge (c. 250m north-east of the cable route at its closest point).
The Exeter Ship Canal was constructed in 1564–1566. The canal originally deviated 2.5.
from the River Exe at a point south-east of the Countess Weir Bridge (i.e. to the
immediate north-west of the Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works). The
canal was extended in 1677, when its entrance was moved downstream to
Topsham.
In May 1944, the Exeter Canal Swing Bridge (Bridge Road) was used in rehearsals 2.6.
for the D-Day attacks on the Pegasus and Horsa Bridges. The proposed cable route
passes underneath the Swing Bridge.
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The general objectives of the watching brief were: 3.1.
• to monitor the development groundworks, and to identify, investigate and
record any significant buried archaeological deposits/features thus revealed;
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Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology
• at the conclusion of the project, to produce an integrated project archive and
a report setting out the watching brief results and the archaeological
conclusions that can be drawn from the recorded data.
4. METHODOLOGY
The watching brief requirement applied only to that part of the scheme which is 4.1.
within Teignbridge District Council’s boundaries (Fig. 2).
The watching brief comprised the observation by a competent archaeologist of 4.2.
intrusive groundworks associated with the development. The majority of the cable
was installed using a “no trench” horizontal directional drilling method. The
monitored groundworks comprised eight directional drill launch/reception pits/cable
jointing pits. These pits were 1.5m–2.6m in length, 0.55–1.9m in width and 1m–
1.6m in depth.
Records were maintained in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork 4.3.
Recording Manual.
Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with 4.4.
CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other
Samples from Archaeological Sites. No deposits were identified that required
sampling.
As no archaeological features were identified during the works and no artefacts 4.5.
were recovered, no project archive will be prepared. The results of the fieldwork will
be held by Devon County Council Historic Environment Team in the form of this
report and the creation of an OASIS entry (see below).
A summary of information from this project, as set out in Appendix B, will be entered 4.6.
onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain (OASIS ID:
cotswold2-403912).
5. RESULTS
This section provides an overview of the watching brief results. Detailed summaries 5.1.
of the recorded contexts are given in Appendix A. Figure 3 presents example
photographs of the monitored works.
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Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology
The natural geological substrate comprised red-brown clay. It was revealed in Tr1–5.2.
Tr5 at a depth of 0.9m–1m below present ground level (bpgl). It was overlain by
0.5m of clayey silt subsoil, which was sealed in turn by 0.4m of modern topsoil.
In Tr6–Tr8, heavy water ingress meant that these pits could not be recorded to their 5.3.
full depths. Recording of Tr6 and Tr8 was not possible beyond 0.6m bpgl; recording
of Tr7 was not possible beyond 1.2m bpgl. The natural geological substrate was not
recorded in any of these trenches, although it may have been exposed below the
water line. Topsoil and subsoil deposits were present as per Tr1–Tr5.
No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed and no artefactual 5.4.
material was recovered.
6. DISCUSSION
Despite the archaeological potential of the application area (see Archaeological 6.1.
background, above), the watching brief identified no archaeological remains within
the area of observed groundworks. This may be due to an absence of
archaeological remains in the monitored area, although it may also be the case that
any remains which might be present were not exposed by the limited groundworks.
7. CA PROJECT TEAM
Fieldwork was undertaken by Matt Coman and Matt Nichol. This report was written 7.1.
by Derek Evans. The report illustrations were prepared by Amy Wright. The project
was managed for CA by Derek Evans.
8. REFERENCES
British Geological Survey 2020 Geology of Britain
Viewer http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/viewer.h
tml Accessed 19 May 2020
Cotswold Archaeology 2020 The Countess Wear Waste Water, Treatment Works
(new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Written Scheme of Investigation for
an Archaeological Watching Brief
Exeter Archaeology 2000 Archaeological watching brief carried out at the site of the
Chrysler Garage, Marsh Barton
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Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS
Trench Context No.
Type Interpretation Description Depth/ thickness
(m) 1 100 Deposit Topsoil Dark brown clayey silt 0.4 1 101 Deposit Subsoil Grey-brown silty clay 0.5 1 102 Deposit Natural Red-brown clay 2 200 Deposit Topsoil Dark brown clayey silt 0.4 2 201 Deposit Subsoil Grey-brown silty clay 0.5 2 202 Deposit Natural Red-brown clay 3 300 Deposit Topsoil Dark brown clayey silt 0.4 3 301 Deposit Subsoil Grey-brown silty clay 0.5 3 302 Deposit Natural Red-brown clay 4 400 Deposit Topsoil Dark brown clayey silt 0.45 4 401 Deposit Subsoil Grey-brown silty clay 0.55 4 402 Deposit Natural Red-brown clay 5 500 Deposit Topsoil Dark brown clayey silt 0.45 5 501 Deposit Subsoil Grey-brown silty clay 0.55 5 502 Deposit Natural Red-brown clay 6 600 Deposit Topsoil Dark brown clayey silt 0.3 6 601 Deposit Subsoil Grey-brown silty clay >0.3 7 700 Deposit Topsoil Dark brown clayey silt 0.3 7 701 Deposit Subsoil Grey-brown silty clay >0.9 8 800 Deposit Topsoil Dark brown clayey silt 0.25 8 801 Deposit Subsoil Grey-brown silty clay 0.2 8 802 Deposit Subsoil Brown-grey clayey silt >0.15
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Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology
APPENDIX B: OASIS REPORT FORM
PROJECT DETAILS Project name Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity
supply), Exeter, Devon Short description In July and August 2020, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an
archaeological watching brief during the installation of an electrical supply wire from the Exeter Energy Recovery Facility at Marsh Barton to South West Water’s Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works. The watching brief requirement applied only to that part of the scheme which is within Teignbridge District Council’s boundaries The watching brief identified no archaeological remains within the area of observed groundworks. This may be due to an absence of archaeological remains in the monitored area, although it may also be the case that any remains which might be present were not exposed by the limited groundworks.
Project dates 30 July and 17 August 2020 Project type Archaeological watching brief Previous work None Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site location Marsh Barton, Exeter Study area (m2/ha) 650m Site co-ordinates 292609 090496 to 294828 089062 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project brief originator N/A Project design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology Project Manager Derek Evans Project Supervisor Matt Coman and Matt Nichol MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content Physical N/A N/A Paper N/A N/A Digital N/A N/A BIBLIOGRAPHY Cotswold Archaeology 2020 Chedworth Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works (new electricity supply), Exeter, Devon: Archaeological Watching Brief CA typescript report EX0134_1
Teignbridge District CouncilTeignbridge District CouncilTeignbridge District Council
Teignbridge District C
ouncil
Teignbridge District C
ouncil
Teignbridge District C
ouncil
Exete r City CoucilExete r City CoucilExete r City Coucil
Exeter CityC
oucil
Exeter City Coucil
Exeter CityC
oucil
TORBAY
CITY OFPLYMOUTH
DEVON
SOMERSET CotswoldArchaeology
N
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
0 1km
1
Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works, E xeter, Devon
Site location plan
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
EX013418.09.201:25,000
AWDJBDE
© Crown copyright and database rights 2020Ordnance Survey 0100031673
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 573970
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
Suffolk 01449 900120
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
e enquiries@cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
090000090000
092000092000
293000293000
295000295000
088000088000
Route of cable(as proposed)
Council boundary
Exeter City Council
Teignbridge District Council
Teignbridge District Council
Teignbridge District Council
Brid
geR
oad
Brid
ge R
oad
Brid
geR
oad
River Exe
River Exe
River Exe
River Exe
River Exe
River Exe
089100
089400089400
294000294000
294300294300
294600294600
Teignbridge District CouncilTeignbridge District CouncilTeignbridge District Council
Exeter City CoucilExeter City CoucilExeter City Coucil
090000090000
089000089000
293000293000
294000294000
CotswoldArchaeology
N
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
2
Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works, Exeter, Devon
The site, showing monitored groundworks
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A3
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
EX013418.09.201:20,000; 1:2,000
AWDJBDE
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 573970
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
Suffolk 01449 900120
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
e enquiries@cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
© Crown copyright and database rights 2020 Ordnance Survey 0100031673
1:20000 100m
0 500m1:20,000
T2T2
T3T3
T4T4
T5T5
T6T6
T7T7
T8T8
T1T1
Route of cable (as proposed)
Council boundary
Monitored groundworks
CotswoldArchaeology
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.
3
Countess Wear Waste Water Treatment Works, Exeter, Devon
Photographs
PROJECT NO.DATESCALE@A4
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
EX013418.09.20NA
AWDJBDE
Trench 1 (1m scale)
Trench 4, looking west (1m scale)
Andover 01264 347630
Cirencester 01285 771022
Exeter 01392 573970
Milton Keynes 01908 564660
Suffolk 01449 900120
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
e enquiries@cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
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