cost reduction with ip storage - speichernetze
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Ulf Troppens
Cost Reduction with IP Storage
Fibre ChannelSAN
Fibre ChannelSAN
FibreChannel
iSCSIGateway
iSCSI/TCP/IPSAN
iSCSI/TCP/IPSAN
iSCSI/TCP/IPSAN
2/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Agenda
What is IP Storage?Why IP Storage?Customers are usingIP storage today!Is IP Storage suitable forhigh-end SANs?Conclusion
3/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Agenda
What is IP Storage?Why IP Storage?Customers are usingIP storage today!Is IP Storage suitable forhigh-end SANs?Conclusion
4/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Key Concept "Storage Network"
Detach the storage from the host and substitute the direct connection with a new networkHandle storage and servers as separate entitiesMove from a server centric IT-architecture to a storage centric IT-architecture
LAN
Server
Anwender
Server
Server
Anwender
Anwender
Anwender
Disk
Speichernetz
LAN
Disk
Anwender
Disk
Anwender
Anwender
Anwender
Disk Disk Disk
Server
Server
Server
5/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Storage Networks in the I/O Path
Application
Device Driver
Database
NetworkFilesystem
File-basedStorage Network
NetworkFilesystem
LocalFilesystem
Volume Manager
Block-basedStorage Network
NFSCIFSHTTPDAFS
SCSIFibre Channel FCPiSCSI
6/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Techniques for Storage Networks
Transmission TechnicsFibre Channel (FC-0, FC-1, FC-2)Fast EthernetGigabitEthernetSCSI CableInifiniBand
Gateway and Tunneling protocolsIP over Fibre Channel (IPFC)Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP)
Transport protocolsFibre Channel (FC-2, FC-3)TCP/IPUDP/IPVirtual Interface Architecture (VIA) /Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)
Block-basedSCSIFibre Channel (FCP)Internet SCSI (iSCSI)Internet FCP (iFCP)
File-basedNFSCIFSHTTPDAFS
RAM-basedRemote Direct MemoryAccess (RDMA)
7/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Fibre Channel FCP
Fibre ChannelSwitch
Disk DiskDiskDisk
Server
Cabling: Fibre ChannelProtocol: SCSI
8/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Internet SCSI (iSCSI)
EthernetSwitch
Disk DiskDiskDisk
Server
Cabling: TCP/IP/EthernetProtocol: SCSI
9/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP)
Fibre ChannelSAN
Fibre ChannelSANIP Backbone
NL-PortNL-Port
NL-Port
NL-Port NL-Port
NL-Port NL-Port
NL-Port
NL-PortNL-Port
FCIP FCIP
10/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Internet FCP (iFCP)Metronet FCP (mFCP)
IP BackboneIP SANFL-PortiFCP
FL-PortiFCP
FL-PortiFCP
FL-PortiFCP
FL-PortiFCP
NL-Port
NL-PortNL-Port
NL-PortNL-Port
IP SANFL-PortiFCP
FL-PortiFCP
FL-PortiFCP
FL-PortiFCP
FL-PortiFCP
NL-Port
NL-Port NL-Port
NL-Port NL-Port
11/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS)
... is just a name service
... used by iSCSI and iFCP/mFCPNote: FCIP does not need a name service!
12/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Comparison
IP / EthernetIP / EthernetIP / EthernetiSCSI
IP / EthernetIP / EthernetFibre Channel
iFCP
IP / EthernetFibre Channel
Fibre Channel
FCIP
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel FCP
Transport(Wire)
Fabric Services(Routing)
Storage / Server(HBA)
13/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Agenda
What is IP Storage?Why IP Storage?Customers are usingIP storage today!Is IP Storage suitable forhigh-end SANs?Conclusion
14/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Why IP Storage?
Technically, Fibre Channel is better than IPFibre Channel has an integrated protocol stackFibre Channel is well established in production environments
IP Storage (iSCSI, FCIP, iFCP/mFCP)IP Storage is in the early marketIP Storage has an higher protocol overhead
BUTTCP/IP/Ethernet has utterly wiped out other protocols IP Storage will be sufficient (most likely)IP Storage will be cheaper (most likely)
15/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
TCP/IP/Ethernet has utterly wiped out other protocols
Data is already IPLAN (NFS, CIFS, application specific protocols, ... )Internet (HTTP, FTP, ... )MAN (Pilots with Gigabit Ethernet)
File level storage is IPNFS, CIFS, FTP, HTTP (see above)
Block level storage starts using IPFCIP, iSCSI
Voice starts moving to IP (VoIP)New office buildings !!Cisco IBM Agreement
Gigabit Ethernet switch for the desktop
Everything will be TCP/IP/Ethernet !!!
16/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
IP Storage will be cheaper than Fibre Channel
One single IP based network is easier to managethan three
Only IP skills requiredOnly one physical network in office buildingsMore flexible assignment of bandwidth
IP Storage components will be cheaper thanFC components
IP market volume >> Fibre Channel market volumeeconomy of scale is better for IP components(mass production)
More competitionCisco "meets" Brocade, Inrange, and McDataEthernet NIC vendors "meet" Emulex, JNI and QLogic
17/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Why IP Storage?
BUTTCP/IP/Ethernet has utterly wiped out other protocols ➼IP Storage will be sufficient (most likely) ???IP Storage will be cheaper (most likely) ➼
18/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Agenda
What is IP Storage?Why IP Storage?Customers are usingIP storage today!Is IP Storage suitable forhigh-end SANs?Conclusion
19/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Case Study 1: Automated Tape Duplication
Goal: Automate tape duplication for desaster protectionTwo locations (10km distance)Gigabit Ethernet connection used during office hours
Idle over night
Gigabit Ethernet(Distance 10km)
20/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Case Study 1: Automated Tape Duplication
Goal: Automate tape duplication for desaster protectionTwo locations (10km distance)Gigabit Ethernet connection used during office hours
Idle over nightTape applications
iSeries (AS/400)No iSCSI drivers available !
Legato Networker running on Sun Solaris
Gigabit Ethernet(Distance 10km)
iSeriesBRMS
SunLegato
Networker???
21/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Case Study 1: Automated Tape Duplication
Gigabit Ethernet(Distance 10km)
iSeriesBRMS
SunLegato
Networker
2109-F16
3584 LTO
FCIP Gateway
iSeriesBRMS
SunLegato
Networker
2109-F16
3584 LTO
FCIP Gateway
22/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Case Study 1: Automated Tape Duplication
Legato Networker:Remote tape access using application specific protocol
Gigabit Ethernet(Distance 10km)
iSeriesBRMS
SunLegato
Networker
2109-F16
3584 LTO
FCIP Gateway
iSeriesBRMS
SunLegato
Networker
2109-F16
3584 LTO
FCIP Gateway
23/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Case Study 1: Automated Tape Duplication
Legato Networker:Remote tape access using application specific protocoliSeries: Remote tape access using FCIP
30-40 MByte/s sequential write on LTO Generation 1 drive
Gigabit Ethernet(Distance 10km)
iSeriesBRMS
SunLegato
Networker
2109-F16
3584 LTO
FCIP Gateway
iSeriesBRMS
SunLegato
Networker
2109-F16
3584 LTO
FCIP Gateway
24/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Gigabit Ethernet(Distance 10km)
iSeriesBRMS
SunLegato
Networker
2109-F16
3584 LTO
FCIP Gateway
iSeriesBRMS
SunLegato
Networker
2109-F16
3584 LTO
FCIP Gateway
Case Study 1: Automated Tape Duplication
Legato Networker:Remote tape access using application specific protocoliSeries: Remote tape access using FCIP
30-40 MByte/s sequential write on LTO Generation 1 driveFuture: Encrypt WAN IP traffic using standard IP components
25/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Case Study 2: Booting via iSCSI
Boot servers from external Fibre Channel DisksubsystemiSCSI Disksubsystems are not (yet) very common
Save internal Fibre Channel HBAMay be cost saving if one Gigabit Ethernet NIC is sufficient for all traffic
Use external disks instead of internal diskLower TCO
Server Server Server Server ServeriSCSI Gateway
Disksubsystem
26/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Case Study 3: Microsoft Exchange
Requires a lot of storage but limited bandwidthMinimal CPU utilisation differences between iSCSI software and drivers and Fibre Channel HBAsiSCSI meets the performance requirements for many applications
Source: Cisco SystemsSource: Cisco
27/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Why IP Storage?
BUTTCP/IP/Ethernet has utterly wiped out other protocols ➼IP Storage will be sufficient (most likely) ➼ ?IP Storage will be cheaper (most likely) ➼
28/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Agenda
What is IP Storage?Why IP Storage?Customers are usingIP storage today!Is IP Storage suitable forhigh-end SANs?Conclusion
29/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Classification of I/O Requirements
N/ASome applications(e.g., centraldatabases)
Very high performance
Remote backupReplicationAsynchronous
MirroringData Movers
Most applicationsBooting servers
Average performance
High latency (remote)
Low latency (local)
30/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Classification of I/O Requirements
-?Very high performance
➼➼Average performance
High latency (remote)
Low latency (local)
31/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Technical requirements for very high local performance
Still open:FC protocol is still lighter than iSCSILatency in server >> Latency in SANFuture: Socked Direct Protocol (SDP)Future: iSCSI RDMA extensionMust be measured in real environments
Very low latency for fast application response time
TCP/IP Offload Engines (TOEs)iSCSI HBAsFuture: Socked Direct Protocol (SDP)Future: iSCSI RDMA extension
Low CPU load for I/O
Dedicated Networks for IP Storage10 GBit/s IP SANs in 2H03Trunking
Very high throughput
IP Storage
32/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Why IP Storage?
BUTTCP/IP/Ethernet has utterly wiped out other protocols ➼IP Storage will be sufficient (most likely) ➼ (?)IP Storage will be cheaper (most likely) ➼
33/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Agenda
What is IP Storage?Why IP Storage?Customers are usingIP storage today!Is IP Storage suitable forhigh-end SANs?Conclusion
34/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Why IP Storage?
Technically, Fibre Channel is better than IPFibre Channel has an integrated protocol stackFibre Channel is well established in production environments
IP Storage (iSCSI, FCIP, iFCP/mFCP)IP Storage is in the early marketIP Storage has an higher protocol overhead
BUTTCP/IP/Ethernet has utterly wiped out other protocols ➼IP Storage will be sufficient (most likely) ➼ (?)IP Storage will be cheaper (most likely) ➼
35/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Conclusion
FCIP is a key technology for connecting remote Fibre Channel SANsMany FCIP products are becoming available in 1H03
iSCSI is in the early market todayInteroperability is still an issue
iSCSI will meet the performance needs for most applicationsIt is still open whether iSCSI is sufficient forvery high performance requirementsFibre Channel is the best option for most local SANs todayiSCSI can be a nice add-on for already establishedFibre Channel SANsiSCSI may replace Fibre Channel in the long term
36/36Rev 1.0
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens:„Speichernetze“, dpunkt.Verlag 2003
© 2003 Ulf Troppenswww.speichernetze.com
Quellenangabe
Inhalte und Abbildungen der Präsentation
Speichernetze –Grundlagen und Einsatz von Fibre Channel SAN, NAS, iSCSI und InfiniBand
Ulf Troppens, Rainer Erkens
1. Auflage 2003dpunkt.verlag, HeidelbergISBN 3-89864-135-X
Weiterführende Linkswww.speichernetze.com
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