correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect, and

Correlation Between Biomarkers of Exposure, Effect, and Potential Harm in the

Urine of Electronic Cigarette Users. Shane Sakamaki-Ching MS; Monique Williams

PhD, My Hua BS; Jun Li PhD; Maciej L. Goniewicz PhD, PharmD; Prue Talbot PhD

Supplementary Online Content

Methods: Urinary Biomarker of Exposure (Metal Concentration) Analysis

Supplementary Figure 1: NNAL Concentration Amongst the Smoking Groups

Supplementary Figure 2: Cotinine Concentration Amongst the Smoking Groups

Supplementary Figure 3: Creatinine Concentration in Different Genders and Age

Populations

Supplementary Figure 4. The Total 11 Metals Concentration Amongst the Smoking

groups.

Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res

doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S

Urinary Biomarker of Exposure (Metal Concentration) Analysis

A 1:25 dilution was made for each urine sample by dissolving 400 µL into 7.6 mL of 2% nitric

acid solution (GFS Chemicals, Columbus, OH). The 11 elements/metals were quantified using

an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) with an ASX-500 series

autosampler and an ISIS 3 Discrete Sample Uptake, spray chamber, and peristaltic pump. The

ICP-MS was calibrated using a standard curve for all 11 metals of interest (Inorganic Ventures,

Christiansburg, VA) in 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 ppm concentrations. Lithium, gallium,

rhenium, scandium, and yttrium at 1 ppm were run in line with sample introduction into the

nebulizer and used as internal standards. The blank contained 2% trace metal grade nitric acid

by volume. Each sample was run in triplicate. To prevent interference, the cones were washed

with nitric acid, and a detergent to bombard the cones. Quality control checks on calibration

were then run using NIST standard reference materials 2668 Level I and Level II provided by

the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD). Machine calibrations

and adjustments were controlled using Masshunter software.

Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res

doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S

Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res

doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S

Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res

doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S

Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res

doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S

Supplementary material BMJ Open Resp Res

doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452:e000452. 7 2020;BMJ Open Resp Res, et al. Sakamaki-Ching S