copyright vs. copyleft in open educational resources for e-learning

COPYRIGHT vs. COPYLEFT: CREATIVE COMMON LICENSES

IN ONLINE EDUCATION

Madrid

Giorgio Pedrazzigiorgio.pedrazzi@unibs.it

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Giorgio Pedrazzi is adjunct professor of Information Technology and Law and Private Law at the University of Brescia, lawyer and consultant in privacy and data protection, insurance and tort law, videosurveillance, paperless administration, e-commerce and consumer law. He wrote more than 30 articles published on law reviews and is at presente working in two research projects on the legal issues in the development of smart cities.

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SUMMARY

Historical roots of CopyrightThe development of CopyleftPublic DomainOpen AccessCreative Common LicensesOER Open Educational Resources

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Copyright=

The Right To Copy [1450]

1790 Queen Anne’s Statute

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IPRsIntellectual Property Rights

Copyleft

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PUBLIC DOMAIN

Refers to intellectual property which have no patent or

copyright intellectual property protection. Public domain materials are not protected by intellectual property law.

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CREATIVE COMMONS

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OPEN ACCESSfree availability on the public internet,

permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for

indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose,

without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining

access to the internet itself.

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OPEN ACCESS

The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in

this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and

cited

Budapest Statement

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Teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost

access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions. Open licensing is built within the

existing framework of intellectual property rights as defined by relevant international conventions and respects the

authorship of the work

UNESCO's 2002 Forum on Open Courseware

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OER definitions

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CC vs. C

The digital content offers many possibilities, with the Creative Common Licenses the Author

can choose which rights to retain and how he would prefer its work to be used and re-used.

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CC v. C

They're not substituting the Copyright, but filling the holes and offering new opportunity to share and collaborate in

creative work.

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CCL symbols

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CCL 4.0

• CCL are evolving as the technology and society are…

• Both the machine-readable metadata and the Common Deed are constantly under the lens of a community of lawyers and experts in order to provide the best and adaptative legal tool to authors.

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RESTRICTIONS

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Table taken from A Culture of Sharing: Open Education Resources An introduction, by Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams, Michael Paskevicius, Roger Brown

LEARNING TRENDS

Mixing and manipulating, exchanging formats and merging contents are

necessary elements in building a m-learning or e-learning course.

The spreading of long distance technologies is essential for developing countries which

need to have proper OER.

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RE_USE

Open Content is useful to allow knowledge to be platform indipendent and to be available in the future, regardless the

technology that will be used.

Furthermore, it allows to break barriers for

students despite physical of geographical limitations

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RE_MIXING

The material can be adapted in order to match different cultures, learning grades,

physical disabilities, pedagogical approaches,

different learning enviroments

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Education and Experience

can be paper-based, mobile, electronic, or whatever the

future will bring us…

but to be widespread always needs to be

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William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell