conversations messages

Conversation MessagesConversation Messages

Ayman Saleh, Vanity Duquet,

Daphne Anne Gopo & Mathew

Valle

By

5 Steps in a Conversation:5 Steps in a Conversation:

1. Opening

2. Feed forward Open the channels of communication Preview future messages Alter cast Disclaim

Feed Forward Example:Feed Forward Example: Jacobs-Rosenbaum Levin Thorne Hayes Ohman

5 Step of a Conversation5 Step of a Conversation

3. Business4. Feedback

– Positive or negative– Person Focused or Message Focused– Immediate or Delayed– Low Monitor or High Monitor– Evaluative or Supportive

5. Closing

Managing ConversationsManaging Conversations

Opening conversations

Maintaining conversations

Repairing conversations

Closing conversations

Opening ConversationOpening Conversation

Self references

Other references

Relational references

Context references

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLubGooyRpc

The opening lineThe opening line

Cute flippant openers

Innocuous opener

Direct opener

Opening and closing Opening and closing conversationsconversations

some scenes may be graphic

How to communicate How to communicate powerfully by emailpowerfully by email

Subject Lines are Headlines Make One Point per Email Specify the Response You Want Be a Good Correspondent Avoid spamming Proofread DON’T TYPE IN ALL CAPS! IT LOOKS

LIKE YOU’RE YELLING AT THE READERS!

Repairing conversationsRepairing conversations

Types of excusesTypes of excuses

“I didn’t do it”

“It wasn’t so bad”

“Yes, but…”

Five elements of a good Five elements of a good excuse:excuse:

1. Demonstrate that you really see the problem, and that your partner’s feelings are legitimate and justified

Five elements of a good Five elements of a good excuse:excuse:

2. Acknowledge your responsibility for doing what you did

Five elements of a good Five elements of a good excuse:excuse:

3. Say that you regret what you did

Five elements of a good Five elements of a good excuse:excuse:

4. Request forgiveness

Five elements of a good Five elements of a good excuse:excuse:

5. Make it clear that it will not happen again

Maintaining ConversationsMaintaining Conversations

Principle of Cooperation

Principle of Dialogue

Principle of Turn-taking

Principal of Cooperation Principal of Cooperation

a. Principal of Cooperation

b. Conversational maxims

The four conversation maxim The four conversation maxim rulesrules

1. Quantity maxim

2. Quality maxim

3. Relation maxim

4. Manner maxim

The four conversation maxim The four conversation maxim rulesrules

- Please note that the four maxims just discussed describe most conversations as they take place in much of the United States.

- However, these maxims may not apply to all cultures.

- Some cultures even have their own

According to Koppelman and According to Koppelman and Goodhart…….Goodhart…….

“Differences in cultural norms can cause misunderstandings”

Some examples:

-Business men and how they conduct meetings

-Us direct approach VS Other Cultures indirect

More examplesMore examples

- Arab cultures: They stand closer in conversation

- French culture: Anything but handshake is rude

- In Ecuador: Greeting someone without a handshake is a sign of respect

Principal of DialoguePrincipal of Dialogue

a. Monologue –one person speaks and the other listens.

*Not surprising, effective communication is based not on monologue but on its opposite dialogue.

Principal of Turn TakingPrincipal of Turn Taking

a. Conversational turns

b. Speaker Cues

c. Listener Cues

d. Backchanneling cues

According to the text According to the text Understanding Human Understanding Human

CommunicationCommunication

Keep the following in mind…..

1) Communication is not always a good thing

2) It will not solve all problems

3) More Communication is not always better

4) Meanings rest in people not in words

Closing ConversationsClosing Conversations

1) Reflect back on the conversation and briefly summarize it.

Closing ConversationsClosing Conversations

2) State the desire to end the conversation

Closing ConversationsClosing Conversations

3) Refer to future interaction

Closing ConversationClosing Conversation

4) Ask for closures

Closing ConversationsClosing Conversations

5) Say you enjoyed the interaction

EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE CONVERSATIONAL SKILLSCONVERSATIONAL SKILLS

Stuttering: A Communicative Stuttering: A Communicative DisorderDisorder

Communicative disorders can cover a broad area of disorders which includes, but might not be limited to voice, fluency, language, speech/articulation and a host of other subcategories.  

Stuttering: Defined as a difficulty in the conception and planning of coordinated motor speech movements of respiratory and phonatory systems.

True or FalseTrue or False11

If someone has a stuttering problem, it will be helpful if we help him/her finish their sentences.

FALSE

True or FalseTrue or False22

We should avoid giving directions like “slow down” or “relax” to people with speech disorder

TRUE

True or FalseTrue or False33

When talking to a person with speech disorder we should try to minimize eye contact time, so that we don’t cause them embarrassment

FALSE

True or FalseTrue or False44

We should treat people who have language problems like our little siblings

False

True or FalseTrue or False55

We should NEVER ask people who stutter to repeat what they said

FALSE

True or FalseTrue or False66

If you have a stuttering problem, you should let others know what your special needs are

TRUE

True or FalseTrue or False77

Encourage those who stutter to use tricks such as substituting words or tapping a foot, to help her/him get through a moment of stuttering.

FALSE

True or FalseTrue or False88

People who stutter usually have more difficulty controlling their speech on the telephone

TRUE

True or FalseTrue or False99

Stuttering is a speech problem, and not an emotional or psychological one

TRUE

True or FalseTrue or False1010

Stuttering is a disease that could be genetically inherited from one generation to the other.

TRUE

Facts about StutteringFacts about Stuttering

Parents do not cause stuttering Treatment during childhood is

preferred  Early intervention is best Stuttering should not be ignored

"Ignore it and it will go away" is a bad advice.

References:References: Ayman:

– Stanley Fish, Is There a Text in This Class? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1980). ISBN 0-674-46726-4. http://academic2.american.edu/~dfagel/Class%20Readings/Fish/HowToRecognizeAPoem.htm , accessed online on 10/13/07

– Bowen, Carolie “Stuttering: What can be done about it ?” 2001. Online resource: http://members.tripod.com/Caroline_Bowen/stuttering.htm

Mathew: – Adler, Ronald B, Rosenfeld, Lawrence B, and Proctor II, Russell. INTERPLAY. New York:

Oxford University Press– “Jung Typology Test.” 1998-2007<www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp>.

Vanity:– Koppelman, Kent and R. Lee Goodhart. Understanding Human Differences Multicultural

Education For a Diverse America. Boston: Pearson Education Inc, 2005.– Rodman, George and Ronald B. Adler. Understanding Human Communication. New York:

Oxford University Press, 2006. Daphne

– et Talking.” Professional Safety. 52.8(2007):56. Academic Search Premier. 3 October 2007. <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26116422&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site>.

– Dowling, Ellen. “10 Tips for Effective E-mail.” MindTools. 3 October 2007. <http://www.mindtools.com/email.html>.