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12 May 2014 Page 1
CONTRIBUTION OF OPMET TO
THE ENHANCEMENT OF AIR
NAVIGATION SAFETY
ICAO WESTERN AND
CENTRAL AFRICAN OFFICE, DAKAR
Workshop on the mitigation of loss of Operational messages (Flight Plans, NOTAMs & OPMETs)
Dakar, Senegal, 12-14 May 2014
12 May 2014 Page 2
SUMMARY
1. Types of OPMET Exchanged in the AFI Region;
2. OPMET data availability requirements;
3. Time critical, non-time critical MET data;
4. OPMET Exchange - AMBEX Scheme;
5. OPMET Monitoring Results;
6. Proposed solutions.
12 May 2014 Page 3
1. Types of OPMET Messages
Exchanged in the AFI Region
TT Type de Message Regular Non-regular
SA METAR X
SP SPECI X
FT 24/36 HR TAF X
WC SIGMET for Tropical Cyclone X
WV SIGMET for Volcanic Ash X
WS SIGMET for other MET phenomena X
UA SPECIAL AIREP X
FV Volcanic Ash Advisory X
FK Tropical Cyclone Advisory X
12 May 2014 Page 4
2. OPMET Data
Availability Requirements
�In accordance with ICAO Annex 3, Appendix 10 para 1.1, the required transit times of AFTN MET messages and bulletins containing OPMET information should achieve transit times of less than :
�5mn for SIGMET, VAA, TCA, SP AIREP, Amend-TAF, Amend-SIGWX and Amend-upper Wind/Temp/Humid forecasts in abbreviated plain-language and METAR/TAF/SPECI received from 0–900 km radius.
�10mn for METAR/TAF/SPECI received from more than 900 km radius.
12 May 2014 Page 5
2. OPMET Data
Availability Requirements
� In accordance with ICAO Annex 3, Appendix
10 para 2.1.2, the filing times of METAR and
TAF bulletins are as follows:
�Not later than 5 minutes after the actual time of
observation. For METAR; and
�not earlier than 1 hour prior to the beginning of
TAF validity period for TAF.
12 May 2014 Page 6
3. Time Critical,
Non-time Critical of MET Messages
� TIME-CRITICAL METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES
1. In accordance with ICAO Doc 9855, para. 4.2, the following MET information will be referred to as time-critical MET information, and it should be distributed via the AFS and received in a timely manner:
a) SIGMET information;
b) Special AIREP
c) AIRMET messages (not distributed in the AFI region);
d) VAA;
e) TCA; and
f) Amend-TAF.
12 May 2014 Page 7
3. Time Critical,
Non-time Critical MET Messages
2. In accordance with ICAO Annex 10 — Aeronautical
Telecom, Volume II, the above listed MET information is
also classified under “flight safety messages” category.
� NON-TIME-CRITICAL METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES
� In accordance with ICAO Doc 9855, para. 4,3, the
following MET information is considered non-time-
critical:
a) TAF, METAR and SPECI;
12 May 2014 Page 8
3. Time Critical,
Non-time Critical MET Messages
b) SIGWX charts and Upper wind/temp/humid
forecasts provided by the WAFCs;
c) VAG in (VAA in graphical format) provided by the
VAACs;
d) GAMET area forecasts (not distributed in the AFI
region); and
e) ROFOR (route forecasts - not distributed in the AFI
region).
12 May 2014 Page 9
4. OPMET Exchange –AMBEX Scheme
� 2 telecom. means used:
� AFTN: for ground-ground exchange; and
� SADIS: for OPMET distribution by London WAFC
through satellite broadcast and SADIS FTP.
� In the AFI region, OPMET are exchanged through the
AFI Meteorological Bulletin Exchange (AMBEX)
scheme.
12 May 2014 Page 10
AMBEX Scheme – Main Objectif
�The main objective of the AMBEX Scheme is to:
�effectively and economically exchanges OPMET
information in the AFI and its adjacent ICAO regions
to meet users needs ; and
�effectively implement ICAO SARP on OPMET related
to Annexes 3 and 10, and the relevant provisions in
the AFI ANP (Doc 7474).
12 May 2014 Page 11
Historical
� The AMBEX scheme was established by APIRG in August
1986;
� AMBEX scheme was initially intended only for TAF
exchanges;
� AIREPs and METAR were added to the scheme in avril 1998
(APIRG/11 Conc. 11/22) and June 2001 (APIRG/13, Conc.
13/66) respectively.
� Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA) and tropical Cyclone (TCA) has
been added in this edition in June 2009 during its 7e
édition.
12 May 2014 Page 12
AMBEX OPMET Data Exchange
� OPMET bulletins and Individual messages are exchanged
under the AMBEX Scheme.
� A bulletin contents OPMET messages of the same type.
� The format of the bulletins are described in :
– ICAO Annex 10, for the AFTN envelope of the bulletin;
– The WMO Guide -No.386, for the abbreviated heading of the
bulletin;
– ICAO Annex 3 and WMO Guide No.306, for the format and
coding of the information included in the bulletin.
12 May 2014 Page 13
Components of the AMBEX Scheme
The AMBEX scheme involves the following
operational units :
�Originating station (in national aerodromes);
�NOCs (National OPMET Centre);
� BCCs (Bulletin compiling Centre);
� RODBs (Regional OPMET Data Banks); and
� IROGs (Interregional OPMET gateway).
12 May 2014 Page 14
RODB/IROG DAKAR RODB/IROG PRETORIA
EURLFZZ
NAM SAM CAR CAR
SADISEGRR
ASIA/PAC
Johannesburg
DRRNFCBBGOOYDRRNFCBB
FKKD
FEFF DGAA GBYDDBBB GFLL
FTTJ
DXXX
DNMM
GOOY
DFFD
FZAA
FOOL
FGSL
FNLU
FPST
AFTN AFTN
PlannedDRRN
DIAP
AFI RODB/IROG
AFI BCC
AFI NOC
FMEEHHAS
HSSJ
FHAW
FAPRHKNAFMMIHAAB
HKJKFMMIHAAB
FIMP HTDA FBSKFAPR
HRYR
HBBA
HUEN
FXMM
FDMS
FYWH
FQMA
FWKI
FVHA
FLKK
FSIAGQNN
GLRB
HDAM
GVAC
FMCH
DIAP
GABS
GGOV
GUCYHCMM
FAOR
FJDG
DIAPDIAP
DIYODIYO
DIBKDIBK
DIYODIYO AOP/N-AOP
12 May 2014 Page 15
Responsibilities of the AMBEX Units
� National aerodromes to forward the individual
OPMET message to the associated NOC;
� Associated NOC (48 national AFTN centres) to:
� collect all OPMET messages generated by the
originating stations in the State; and
� send them to the responsible.
� In some States a NOC can also play the function of a
BCC or an RODB .
12 May 2014 Page 16
Responsibilities of the AMBEX Units
� BCCs (7) are responsible for the
exchange of compiled OPMET bulletins
with:
�other BCCs, according to predefined routing
tables;
�AFI RODBs (Dakar and Pretoria);
�NOCs in the States in their area of
responsibilities.
12 May 2014 Page 17
Responsibilities of the AMBEX Units
�RODBs (2) are responsible for :
� the collect OPMET bulletins from the BCCs in their area of
responsibility and store them in a data base;
� the provision of facilities for “request-reply” service to the
authorized users;
� The maintenance of a catalogue of bulletins;
� The quality control of the incoming bulletins and inform the
BCCs concerned of any discrepancies or shortfalls; and
� the monitoring of the OPMET traffic by carrying out regular
tests on the availability and timeliness of the bulletins; and
report to the ICAO Regional Office on the results.
12 May 2014 Page 18
Responsibilities of the AMBEX Units
� AFI RODBs also given the responsibilties of AFI IROGs.
� IROGs are responsible for OPMET exchanges between AFI
region and adjacent ICAO Regions.
� Responsibilities IROGs AFI:
RESPONSABILITES IROG/DAKAR IROG/PRETORIA
Incoming
Messages
Rio de Janeiro,
Djeddah, Toulouse
Rio de Janeiro, Djeddah,
Bangkok, Toulouse
Outgoing
Messages
Rio de Janeiro,
Toulouse
Rio de Janeiro, Djeddah,
Bangkok, Toulouse
12 May 2014 Page 19
5. OPMET Monitoring Results - WACAF
0% Betwen 0 and 50% Between 50 and 100%
AVAILABILITY OF METAR AT DAKAR RODB January to March 2014
METAR % H+15 METAR % H+30
57,7%53,6%
12 May 2014 Page 20
5. OPMET Monitoring Results - WACAF
Aerodromes with 0%
availability (13)Bouaké, RCI
Tamale, GHANA
Kumasi, GHANA
Labe, GUINEE
N'Zerekore, GUINEE
Kankan, GUINEE
Gao, MALI
Kidal, MALI
Tombouctou, MALI
Atar, MAURITANIE
Maiduguri, NIGERIA
El Aaiun, SAHARA
OCCIDENTALE
Villacisneros, W SAHARA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
METAR % H+15 METAR % H+30
AVAILABILITY OF METAR AT DAKAR RODB
January to March 2014
Between 0 and 50%
12 May 2014 Page 21
5. OPMET Monitoring Results - WACAF
AVAILABILITY OF METAR AT DAKAR RODB January to March 2014
Between 50 and 100
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
METAR % H+15 METAR % H+30
12 May 2014 Page 22
75%
51%
16%
8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
TAF % BeforeHH-60 TAF % betwH-1 and HH
TAF % afterHH % total
AVAILABILITY OF TAF AT DAKAR RODB January to March 2014
5. OPMET Monitoring Results - WACAF
No TAF received from
Kumasi, GHANA
12
Ma
y 2
01
4P
ag
e 2
3
5. O
PM
ET
Mo
nito
ring
Re
sults -
WA
CA
F
0%
10
%
20
%
30
%
40
%
50
%
60
%
70
%
80
%
90
%
10
0%
Bissau, GUINEE BISSAU
Maiduguri, NIGERIA
Sokoto, NIGERIA
Kano, NIGERIA
Sao Tome, SAO TOME
Roberts, LIBERIA
Bangui, RCA
Conakry, GUINEE
Accra, GHANA
Kinshasa, RDC
N'Djamena, TCHAD
Nouakchott, MAURITANIE
Gao, MALI
Niamey, NIGER
Nouadhibou, MAURITANIE
Luanda, ANGOLA
Port Gentil, GABON
Malabo, GUINEE EQUATORIALE
Niamtougou, TOGO
Ouaga, BURKINA
Bobo Dioulassso, BURKINA
Cotonou, BENIN
Bamako, MALI
Douala, CAMEROUN
Yaoundé, CAMEROUN
Abidjan, RCA
Praia, CAP-VERT
Bouaké, RCA
Yamoussoukro, RCA
Libreville, GABON
Lomé, TOGO
Sal Intl, CAP-VERT
Brazzaville, CONGO
Pointe Noire, CONGO
Banjul, GAMBIE
Dakar Yoff, SENEGAL
Cap Skiring, SENEGAL
Saint Louis, SENEGAL
TA
F %
Be
fore
HH
-60
TA
F %
be
twH
-1 a
nd
HH
TA
F %
afte
rHH
% to
tal
AV
AILA
BILIT
Y O
F TA
F A
T D
AK
AR
RO
DB
Jan
ua
ryto
Ma
rch 2
01
4
Be
twe
en
50
an
d 1
00
12 May 2014 Page 24
5. OPMET Monitoring Results - ESAF
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
TAF% Before H-60 TAF% Between H-60 and H
TAF % after H TAF %total
AVAILABILITY OF TAF AT DAKAR RODB January to March 2014
Between 50% and 100%
No TAF received from
� Durban, SOUTH AFRICA
� Mogadishu, SOMALIA
� Manzini/Matsapha,
SWAZILAND
� Livingstone, ZAMBIA
� Ndola, ZAMBIA
66,6%
17,8%
42,4%
12 May 2014 Page 25
5. OPMET Monitoring Results - ESAF
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TAF% Before H-60 TAF% Between H-60 and H TAF % after H TAF %total
12 May 2014 Page 26
5. OPMET Monitoring Results – SIGMET TESTS
Operational Shortcomings and
Deficiencies
VAAC, TCAC, RODBs or MWOs
1
21 MWOs out of 35 in the AFI region
(60%) did not issue any WV SIGMET
during the Test period. An
improvement of 3% compared with
last year.
ESAF (15):Luanda, Bujumbura, Gaborone, Addis
Ababa, Asmara, Lilongwe, Maputo, Windhoek, Kigali,
Mahe, Dar Es Salaam, Entebbe, Harare, Tripoli*,
Khartoum*
WACAF (6): Accra, Alger*, Gran Canaria*, *Monrovia,
Tunis*, Casablanca*.
2 24 MWOs out of 35 in the AFI region
(69%) did not issue WS SIGMET
during the Test period. This is a
decline of 17 % compared to last
year’s results.
ESAF (15): Luanda, Gaborone, Bujumbura, Addis
Ababa, Nairobi, Lilongwe, Windhoek, Kigali,
Seychelles, Mogadishu*, Dar Es Salaam, Entebbe,
Lusaka, Harare, Maputo.
WACAF (9): Alger, Grand Canari*, Sal, N’Djamena,
Monrovia, Tunis*, Casablanca* Tripoli, Cairo
3 6 MWOs out of 9 expected to
respond in the AFI region (78 %) did
not issue any WC SIGMET during the
Test
Dar Es Salaam, Gaborone, Harare, Lilongwe Maputo.
Mauritius.
12 May 2014 Page 27
5. OPMET Monitoring Results – SIGMET TESTS
4 The listed 12 MWOs (34%) have never issued
any SIGMET during AFI SIGMET Tests. This is
an improvement of one MWO compared to
last year
ESAF (9) Luanda, Bujumbura, Addis
Ababa, Tripoli, , Windhoek, Kigali, Dar Es
Salaam, Lusaka, Harare.
WACAF (3): Alger, Gran Canaries*
Monrovia
5 2 MWOs did not use FF priority indicator to
disseminate WS SIGMET.
Brazzaville, Dakar
6 1 MWO did not use FF priority to disseminate
WV SIGMET
Dakar.
7 1 MWOs issued a WC SIGMET while it was
not required
Asmara
1 MWO issued WC SIGMET before advisory
was received
Asmara
8 WC SIGMETs from 2 MWOs were received late
at the RODBs, more than 10 mn after the
advisory was issued by FMEE.
Antananarivo, Johannesburg,
12 May 2014 Page 28
5. OPMET Monitoring Results – SIGMET TESTS
9 WV SIGMETs from 7 MWOs were received
late at the RODBs, more than 10 mn after
the advisory was issued by LFPW
Monrovia, Kano, Johannesburg,
Mauritius, Mogadishu, Asmara,
Lilongwe
10 3 MWO issued WS SIGMETs with an
incorrect weather phenomena description
or no weather phenomenon when there
should have been
Kano, Johannesburg, Mauritius.
3 MWOS issued SIGMETs before receiving
WV advisory
Antananarivo, Asmara, Casablanca,
11 Five (5) MWOs issued SIGMET test
messages without including a line of 12
“TEST” at the end of the SIGMET message
Dakar, Kano, Johannesburg , Asmara
Lilongwe
12 The trigger WC SIGMET sent 20 minutes
late
La Reunion.
12 May 2014 Page 2929Project title (Insert, Header & Footer)
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