contemporary psychological perspectives. method of classifying a collection of ideas also called...
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Method of classifying a collection of ideas
Also called “schools of thought”Also called “psychological approaches”
To view behaviour from a particular perspective
Psychological Perspectives
Perspective is a way of viewing phenomena Psychology has multiple perspectives
Biological Psychodynamic behavioural Humanistic Cognitive Cross Cultural Evolutionary
Perspectives
Focus: On how people think and process information
behaviour is explained by how a person interprets the situation
How is knowledge acquired, organized, remembered, and used to guide behaviour?
Influences include Piaget – studied intellectual development
Cognitive Perspective
Focus: How our biological structures and substances underlie a given behaviour, thought, or emotion
Behaviour is explained by brain chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.
Focus may be at various levels individual neurons areas of the brain specific functions like eating, emotion, or learning
Biological Perspective
Focus: How thinking and behaviour change depending on the setting or situation
Behaviour is explained by the influence of other people present
Social-Cultural Perspective
The study of psychological differences among people living in different cultural groups
How are people’s thoughts, feelings and behaviour influenced by their culture?
What are the common elements across culture? Are these innate?
Cross-Cultural Perspective
Focus: How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observation
View of behaviour based on experience or learning Classical conditioning - Pavlov Operant conditioning – Skinner Founded by James Watson
Behavioural Perspective
Focus: How healthy people strive to reach their full potential
Behaviour is explained as being motivated by satisfying needs (safety, hunger, thirst, etc.), with the goal of reaching one’s full potential once basic needs are met.
Developed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers behaviour reflects innate ‘actualization’
Humanistic Perspective
Focus: How behaviour is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts
Behaviour is explained through unconscious motivation and unresolved inner conflicts from one’s childhood.
Modern version of psychoanalytic perspective (Sigmund Freud)
Psychodynamic Perspective
View of behaviour is based on experience treating patients
Psychoanalytic approach (Sigmund Freud) both a method of treatment and a theory of the
mind behaviour reflects combinations of conscious and
unconscious influences drives and urges within the unconscious
component of mind influence thought and behaviour
early childhood experiences shape unconscious motivations
Psychodynamic Perspective
Influenced by Darwin and the emphasis on innate, adaptive behaviour patterns
Combines aspects of biological, psychological, and social perspectives
Behaviour is explained by how the behaviour may have helped our ancestors survive long enough to reproduce successfully.
Evolutionary Psychology
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