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Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Constructing Europe after Utrecht (1713-1740)
Dhondt, Frederik
Publication date:2016
Link to publication
Citation for published version (APA):Dhondt, F. (2016). Constructing Europe after Utrecht (1713-1740). Paper presented at Imag(in)ing Europe:Perspectives on a Contested Continent, 800-2000, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Download date: 11. Aug. 2020
9/15/2016
1
Constructing Europe after
Utrecht (1713-1740)
Imag(in)ing Europe,
Utrecht University/UCL/Trier, 14 Sep 2016
Seminar Session I
Prof. Dr. F. Dhondt
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Ghent University-Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)
IMAGE AND IMAGINATION
L’Union des princes
par la paix générale
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2
Louis XV donnant la paix à l’Europe
CONSTRUCTING EUROPE,
1713-1740
Defining “Europe”
The Peace of Utrecht
Europe after Utrecht
Defining “Europe”
• Europe as an integrated whole � Europe as
an arena � Europe as a metaphor
• Law and normativity
• Elite integration, Society of Princes
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3
The Peace of Utrecht
• Façade >< bilateral Fr-GB agreement
• Core: balance of power• Anti-French (1701)
• Anti-Austrian (1710)
• Two-way split of the Spanish inheritance (1659-1715)• Bourbon
• Habsburg
� Redefinition of the general interest
Continuous negotiations
• Power struggle
• Factual complexity
• Missing layer: normative
essentials of the law
• Interpretation < practice,
as well as production
• Sovereignty in a
horizontal perspective
Law of nations, Ius inter gentes
• Between two extremes (Koskenniemi, CLS) � history of lawyers (Halpérin)� history of ideas (Tuck)
• Application: sociology (Bourdieu, Arendt)
• Continuous conversation � rules of agreement and disagreement
• Interaction between legal orders
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Core: renunciations
• Private law
• Public law
• Law of nations
� Political motivations dressed in legal terms
� War = modification of the 1713 compromise
� Fr-GB interest and general interest
Hierarchy
Parliament of Paris, 15 March 1713
“Ny le Prince peut aliéner l’Estat ni l’Estat ne
peut perdre son Prince”
“Une telle renonciation étoit absolument
opposée aux lois fondamentales de l’Estat”
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Rhetorical strategies
and legal priorities“Aprés tant de batailles gagnées et perdues, aprés tant de saccagemens de pilleries et de miseres, les puissances de l’Europe lassées et fatiguées de tant de maux font un reglement, où le Roy d’Espagne comme les autres, renonce formellement a toutes ses pretentions sur le Royaume de France, et cependant non-obstant qu’il ne jouit de la couronne d’Espagne, de quelque maniere qu’on considere la chose qu’en vertu de ce bien public qui ne permette pas que l’Empereur ni le Roi de France, qui sont incontestablement, l’un ou l’autre, legitimes pretendants à ce royaume, l’aient.”
James Craggs to Guillaume Dubois, Whitehall, 26 November 1718 OS, NA, SP, 78, (162, f. 394r°)
Common
good
Rhetorical strategies
and legal priorities
“les traittez religieusement observez […] l’amitié
[…] la bonne foi et les bons offices reciproques”
(James Craggs to Guillaume Dubois, Whitehall, 26 November
1718 NS, NA, SP, 78, 162)
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6
Contravenors v. Mediators
• Tranquillity � continuity (Fr/GB)
• Droit public de l'Europe (Fr)
• Balance of Power (GB)
• Law and its (scholarly) language: Latin � imperial law
• Shared codes and practices >< Spanish and Austrian transgressions Friedrich Karl von
Schönborn
(1674-1746)
Collective management ?
• Guarantors
• Contracting Parties
• Allies
� Congress of Cambrai (1722-1725)
• Failure ? Non-event ?
>< revealing for negotiating practices
>< construction of a common discourse
Lorenzo Verzuso Marquese
Beretti Landi (1654-1725)
Vertical and horizontal discourse
A. Feudal law– Spain: vassalagium
– Emperor: prodominium – ligus
– Parma: sovereignty� Reichshofrat
B. Treaty law– Spain� Emperor: partition
– Spain� Emperor: investiture of Siena
– Tuscany � Emperor: duchy of Massa
– Savoye-Sardaigne: préséance and sovereignty
� Mediators: synthesis and guidance
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“les Traittés qui font maintenant Loy dans
l’Europe”
(Morville to Rottembourg and Saint-Contest,
Versailles, 4 February 1724, NA, SP, 78, 173, f.
167r°)
Reasoning by analogy
• Art. V, Traité de Londres (2 August 1718)
CONCLUSION
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Europe as an arena
• Common legal culture
– Roman law, canon law, law of nature
– °Common training, common discursive space
• Common diplomatic culture and sociability
• Principles underpinned by troops and ships
= Balance of Power, partition, international
solution to succession problems
Further reference
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