conservation and evaluation of plant genetic resources in latvia
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CONSERVATION AND EVALUATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES IN
LATVIA
Dainis Ruņģis
History of PGR in Latvia
• PGR activities in Latvia were started after the dissolution of the former Soviet Union
• The inventory of existing working collections was started in 1993 when the Latvian society of Genetics and Breeders organized the working Board for Cultivated PGR and working groups for different groups of plants.
• Institutions holding collections did not have appropriate resources for long-term storage. To preserve Latvian genetic resources and to maintain high-viability accessions for long term storage the Latvian Gene Bank of Cultivated Plants (LGB) was founded in 1998 within the framework of the Nordic-Baltic project.
• In general the model of the Nordic Gene Bank was followed. First accessions were placed in freezers in 1999. Field collections of fruits and berries were located in the cooperating institutes.
Genetic Resource Centre - www.genres.lv
Main documents concerning GR
International documents• Convention on Biological Diversity accepted in Latvia in 1995.• The International Treaty on PGR for Food and Agriculture
accepted in Latvia in 2004.Local documents• The Biological Diversity National program developed by the
Latvian Ministry of Environment in 1999 to develop a program and strategy for conservation of PGR for food and agriculture.
• National Plan on Environmental Policy 2004-2008. • “Programme for long-term preservation and utilization of plant,
animal, forest and fish genetic resources for agriculture and food 2007-2009” developed by the Latvian state Ministry of Agriculture which is responsible for coordinating PGR activities.
Genetic Resource Centre - www.genres.lv
The administrative structure of genetic resources in Latvia
Genetic Resource Council
Genetic Resource Centre (GRC)
Gene bank Central DatabaseGenetic analysis
Laboratory
Co-ordinating experts
Section experts
Cooperating institutions (stakeholders) of GR
Ministry of Agriculture
Genetic Resource Centre - www.genres.lv
Genetic Resource Centre
• This is a facility set up at LVMI “Silava” with funding from the Ministry of Agriculture
• This centre incorporates the Latvian Gene Bank, the Gene Bank database, and a genetic analysis laboratory
LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS ZEMKOPĪBAS MINISTRIJA
Genetic Resource Centre - www.genres.lv
Stakeholders – cooperating institutions where evaluation and
characterization of PGR have been done.
Institution Crop
State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute
Oat, barley, wheat
State Priekuļi Plant Breeding Institute Barley, rye, legumes, potatoes
Research Institute of Agriculture Forages
Latgale Agricultural Research Centre Flax and hemp
Latvian State Institute of Fruit- Growing
Fruits and berries
Pūre Horticultural Research Station Vegetables
Latvian University of Agriculture, Agrobiotechnological Institute
Aromatic and medicinal plants
Farm ‘Vīnkalni’ Grape
Genetic Resource Centre - www.genres.lv
What crops are the most important in Latvia?
Crop structure of plant genetic resources in Latvia
41%
4%19%5%
4%
6%3%
13%5%
cereals
sugar beet and root crops
forages
oil and fiber crops
legumes
vegetables
potatoes
fruit and berries
aromatic and medicinal plants
Genetic Resource Centre - www.genres.lv
PGR collections
• Field collections – Fruits and berries -Latvian State Institute of Fruit-Growing
(Partially duplicated at Pūre Horticultural Research Station)– Vegetables - Pūre Horticultural Research Station (Partially
duplicated at the Latvian University of Agriculture, Agrobiotechnological Institute)
– Aromatic and medicinal plants - Latvian University of Agriculture, Agrobiotechnological Institute
– Potatoes - State Priekuļi Plant Breeding Institute• In vitro collection of potatoes is kept at State Priekuļi
Plant Breeding Institute.• Gene bank – seeds
Genetic Resource Centre - www.genres.lv
Latvian gene bank
• 72 species from 38 genera are maintained. Currently, seed accessions of the majority of Latvian crop cultivars are represented in the LGB. Approximately 10% of the collection comprises of wild relatives of forage grasses collected within Latvia.
• Seeds of Latvian–bred cultivars are held in a Baltic Safety Duplication collection at the Nordic Gene Bank
55%
6%
25%
7% 5% 2%cereals
sugar beet and root crops
forages
oil and fiber crops
legumes
vegetables
Genetic Resource Centre - www.genres.lv
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