connective tissue

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GOOD MORNING

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CHECKED BY: PRESENTED BY:DR. NEHA MAHAJAN DR. VIRSHALI GUPTA PG.1ST YEAR

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTIONDEFINITIONORIGINFEATURES - a. MATRIX b. FIBRES c. CELLSCLASSIFICATIONFUNCTIONSDISORDERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUECONCLUSIONREFRENCES

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WHAT IS CONNECTIVE TISSUE??Connective tissue is the group of tissues

that fills the interstices b/w more specialised elements & serves to hold them together & support them. BY- ‘’GP PAL 3rd edition’’

Defined as that group of tissues predominantly composed of intercellular matrix , secreted mainly by its cells which are therefore , usually widely spread.

BY – ‘’HAMS 9th edition’’

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ORIGIN OF CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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FEATURES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CONSISTS OF 2 BASIC COMPONENTS

CELLS MATRIX

FIBERS GROUND

SUBSTANCE

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FIBERS

COLLAGEN FIBERS

RETICULAR FIBERS

ELASTIC FIBERS

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FIBERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

COLLAGENFIBERS

RETICULAR FIBERS

ELASTIC FIBERS

OXYTALAN FIBERS

DIAMETER

2-10nm 0.5 -2µm 0.1-2µm 0.2-1.5µm

LOCATION Walls of blood vessels

Developing matrices of dentin & pulp

Lungs & large arterioles

PDL, gums, dental pulp

COURSE Run in bundles which may branch and anastomose with neighbouring bundles.

Mesh like pattern or network.

Run singly & branch to form network.

3D meshwork extends from cementum to peripheral blood vessels.

OTHER NAME

White fibers Argyrophilic fibers

Yellow fibers

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SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN FIBERS

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MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT COLLAGEN TYPES

COLLAGEN TYPE

TISSUE DISTRIBUTION

SITE OF SYNTHESIS

MAIN FUNCTION

1 DERMIS, BONE, TENDON, DENTIN, SCLERA, PDL, LAMINA PROPRIA

FIBROBLAST, OSTEOBLAST, ODONTOBLAST, CHONDROBLAST

RESISTANCE TO TENSION

11 HYALNE AND ELASTIC CARTILAGES

CHONDROBLAST RESISTANCE TO INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE

111 SMOOTH MUSCLE, SPLEEN, LIVER, KIDNEY , LUNG, PDL, LAMINA PROPRIA

SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, FIBROBLAST, RETICULAR CELLS

STRUCTURAL MAINTAINANCE IN EXPANSIBLE ORGANS

1V EPITHELIAL AND ENDOTHELIAL BASAL LAMINAE AND BASEMEMENT MEMBRANES

ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, EPITHELIAL CELLS, MUSCLE CELLS

SUPPORT AND FILTRATION

V MUSCLE BASAL LAMINAE, PDL

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CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE2 TYPES

FIXED CELLS(LONG- LIVED)

• FIBROBLASTS• FAT CELLS• PIGMENT CELLS• PERICYTES• MYOFIBROBLAST

S

FREE CELLS(SHORT- LIVED)• EOSINOPHILS• NEUTROPHILS• MONOCYTES• LYMPHOCYTES• MAST CELLS• PLASMA CELLS

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CELL TYPE MAIN PRODUCT OR ACTIVITY

MAIN FUNCTION

FIBROBLASTS, CHONDROBLASTS, OSTEOBLASTS, ODONTOBLASTS

PRODUCTION OF FIBERS AND GROUND SUBSTANCE

STRUCTURAL

PLASMA CELL PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES

IMMUNOLOGIC

LYMPHOCYTE PRODUCTION OF IMMUNE CELLS

IMMUNOLOGIC

EOSINOPHILIC LEUKOCYTE

PHAGOCYTOSIS OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX

IMMUNOLOGIC

MACROPHAGE, NEUTROPHIL

PHAGOCYTOSIS OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES, BACTERIA

DEFENSE

MAST CELL, BASOPHIL LIBERATION OF PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES (HISTAMINE)

DEFENSE

ADIPOSE CELL STORAGE OF NEUTRAL FATS ENERGY RESERVOIR, HEAT PRODUCTION

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DIAGRAM SHOWING CELLS AND FIBRES OF CONNECTIVE FIBERS

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GROUND SUBSTANCEOccupies the space b/w the cells & fibers.The enzyme hyaluronidase increase the

fluidity of ground substance.Consists of:

proteoglycans glycosaminoglycansThese are responsible for physical

properties of ground substance.Granular in appearance.Consistency: varies, fluid to gel.

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CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

A. EMBRYONAL CTi.Mesenchymal

ii. Mucous

B. REGULAR CTi. Loose CTii. Dense CT

C. SPECIAL FORMSi . Elastic

ii. Adiposeiii. Reticular

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

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EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE It consist of two varieties 1.mesenchymal and 2.

mucous . Present for most of the parts during embryonic and

foetal development.When present post- natally , associated with healing of

injured tissue or tumorous lesion.Made up of small cells with slender branching processes

that join to form a fine network.

MESENCHYMAL CELLS

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CARTILAGE Type of connective tissue composed of special

cells known as chondrocytes along with collagen or yellow elastic fibers.

Types –Hyaline FibrousElastic

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BONE COMPACT BONE SPONGY BONEOTHER NAME CORTICAL BONE TRABECULAE BONEDENSITY COMPACT POROUSLOCATION OUTER BONE INNER BONEFUNCTIONAL UNIT OSTEON TRABECULAE

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DENTIN3 TYPES- PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

CEMENTUM – 2 TYPES ACELLULAR CELLULAR

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FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUPPORT- To epithelium e.g.: lamina propria.STRENGTH- Provides tensile strength to mechanical

stress e.g.: dermis of skin , ligament. STORAGE- Fat cells store fat while ground substance

store water , ions and inorganic materials.TRANSPORT- Water, ions and inorganic materials are

transported from blood to various tissues of body through connective tissue matrix.

PACKING- They fill spaces e.g.: loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.

REPAIR- Helps in wound healingDEFENSE- Cells helps in defense action e.g.: plasma

cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils.

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GINGIVAL CONNECTIVE TISSUEThe gingival connective tissue provides

strength to gums and make the gums to cement root and alveolar bone.

The dense gingival connective tissue is referred to as a lamina propria.

Consists of 2 layers:

Papillary layer reticular layer

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HOW EPITHELIUM CONNECTS WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE ??

STRUCTURE OF BASEMENT MEMBRANE

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DISORDERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUEMARFAN’S SYNDROME –

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SCURVYDeficiency of vitamin CCharacteristic features: Bleeding gums, loosening of teeth with

grade 1 – 2 mobility , gingivitis n sometimes bluish pigmentation.

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EHLERS- DANLOS SYNDROMESkin hyperextensibility. Joint hypermobility.Tissue fragility.

SCLERODEMADifficulty in opening mouth due to involvement of

perioral skin.

PEMPHIGUSBlisters in mouth which erupts later.Blisters are painful, but don’t itch.Difficulty in swallowing.

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SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX

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CONCLUSIONBasic tissue of the body.Includes fat, cartilage, bone and blood.Provides support, fills the spaces

between organs, protecting organs and aiding in the transport of materials around the body.

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REFERENCESTextbook of histology GP Pal 3rd edition.Textbook of human histology 3rd edition by

Inderbir Singh.Tencate’s oral histology.Ham’s histology 9th edition by David.Textbook of oral histology & embryology

(orban’s) 12th edition by GS Kumar.Textbook of oral histology by D.Vincent

Provenza 2nd edition.

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