conjunctions

a. define Conjunction;b. distinguish the different types

of Conjunction;c. differentiate the types of

Conjunctions andd. answer the given exercises.

What is a Conjunction?

Conjunctions

Week 14 – English Plus

A conjunction is a joiner; a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.

Conjunctions are words used to link words, phrases, and clauses.

What is a Conjunction?

1. Coordinating Conjunctions2. Correlative Conjunctions3. Subordinate Conjunctions

Types of Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions may join single words, or they may join groups of words, but they must always join similar elements: e.g. subject + subject, verb phrase + verb phrase, sentence + sentence. When a coordinating conjunction is used to join elements, the element becomes a compound element.

Coordinating Conjunctions

F A N B O Y S

for and nor but or yet so

Examples:CONJUNCTION WHAT IS LINKED SAMPLE SENTENCES

andnoun phrase + noun

phraseWe have tickets for the

symphony and the opera.

butSentence + sentence The orchestra rehearses

on Tuesday, but the chorus rehearses on

Wednesday.

orVerb + verb Have you seen or heard

the opera by Scott Joplin?

soSentence + sentence I wanted to sit in the

front of the balcony, so I ordered my tickets early.

are always used in pairs. They join similar elements. When joining singular and plural subjects, the subject closest to the verb determines whether the verb is singular or plural.

Correlative Conjunctions

both...andnot only...but

alsoeither...or neither...nor whether...or

Examples:CONJUNCTIONS WHAT IS LINKED SAMPLE SENTENCE

both...and subject+subject Both my sister and my brother play the piano.

either...or noun+noun Tonight's program is either Mozart or Beet

hoven.

neither...nor subject+subject Neither the orchestra nor the

chorus was able to overcome the terrible acoustics in the church

not only...but also sentence+sentence Not only does Sue raise money for the

symphony, but she also ushers at all of their

concerts.

(sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence.

Subordinating Conjunctions

TIME CAUSE + EFFECT OPPOSITION CONDITION

after because although if

before since though unless

when now that even though only if

while as whereas whether or not

since in order that while even if

until so in case (that)

Examples:•After she had learned to drive, Alice felt

more independent• If the paperwork arrives on time, your

check will be mailed on Tuesday.•Gerald had to begin his thesis over

again when his computer crashed.•Midwifery advocates argue that home births

are safer because the mother and baby are exposed to fewer people and fewer germs.

Synthesis

Exercises

1. Do you think this is something ___ can be learned?a. whob. thatc. X (the conjunction can be omitted)

2. Don't go out ___ you've finished your work.a. asb. whilec. until

3. Make sure you close all the windows ___ it starts to rain.a. afterb. beforec. for

4. I think I know ___ he left the job.a. whyb. untilc. where

5. ___ I had known how much I would disappoint him, I wouldn't have done it.a. Whetherb. Whenc. If

6. ___ you see me, get in the car.a. As soon asb. Whilec. Whether

7. My friend John, ___ lives in California, has a car with a New York license.a. whoseb. whoc. that

8. It's usually quite simple to cross the border between the USA and Canada ___ these two countries have friendly relations.a. yetb. andc. because

9. ___ a university professor returns from a sabbatical leave, he should be better qualified.a. Untilb. Whenc. Even though

10. She's ___ a snobbish person ___ nobody likes to be with her.a. such...thatb. such...asc. so...that

Prepositions

Exercises:1. Lena put the flowers she received for her

birthday (in, on) vase.

2. The crown (at, on) the winner’s head is made of Davao pearls.

3. Bert put the greeting card he received (inside, between) the pages of this books.

4. The mother lay down (beside, in) her child and read him a story.

5. Huge neon signs (under, above) the high-rise buildings dotted the skyline.

Exercises:

6. He is having a hard time swimming because he is going (against, with) the current.

7. The policemen suddenly broke (into, out) the gambling casino and arrested everyone inside.

8. Coming (from, to) Baguio at the crack of dawn, we reached Quezon City by noon.

9. We drove (around, between) Quezon City for about an hour before finding her house.

10. The Sultan of Brunei arrived (at, of) the Ninoy Aquino international Airport yesterday.

Answers