conceptual database design
Post on 14-Apr-2017
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Muhammad Umair
Conceptual Database Design
Oracle Database 11g Developer Track
Why do you need a database?
› To solve a problem– You have some data(information) of your client or your business you
want to create.– There must be must be some data you want to store– And this data could be anything about customers, employee, products,
dates, numeric from, document fine, images, audio/video etc.› But you can already store data
– Write in a text file and type in your information– Use spreadsheet– If you got documents organize them in folder
Why do you need a database?
› Many small business starts with spreadsheet– And work continue like this for years– And that might be causing no problem
› Just having data is not good enough reason to have database– Having data is not the problem
Why do you need a database?
Why do you need a database?
› Problems– Size– Ease of update– Accuracy– Security– Redundancy– Importance
Why do you need a database?› Size
Why do you need a database?› Ease of update
Why do you need a database?› Accuracy
Why do you need a database?›Security
Why do you need a database?›Redundancy
Why do you need a database?›Importance
Why do you need a database?
› You might have all of these problems or some of these problems
› These are the reason we need database› These are the problems
Building an Application with a DBMS
› Requirements modeling (conceptual, pictures)– Decide what entities – should be part of the application – and how they should be linked.
Database Design Process› Conceptual Model
– Merge the collective needs of all applications– Determine what Entities are being used
› Some object about which information is to maintained– What are the Attributes of those entities?
› Properties or characteristics of the entity› What attributes uniquely identify the entity
– What are the Relationships between entities› How the entities interact with each other?
Entities
Attributes
Relationships between entities
Product
address
buys
Database Design Process
Database Design Process› Logical Model
– How is each entity and relationship represented in the Data Model of the DBMS› Hierarchic?› Network?› Relational?› Object-Oriented?
› Determine user requirements› Determine business rules› Build conceptual data model
– outcome is an entity-relationship diagram or similar communicationtool
Conceptual Database Modeling
EnterpriseModeling
ConceptualData Modeling
LogicalDB Design
Physical DBDesign/Creation
DBImplementation
DBMaintenance
Build Conceptual Data› To build a conceptual data model of data requirements of enterprise– Model comprises entity types, relationship
types, attributes and attribute domains, primary and alternate keys, and integrity constraints
› Step 1 Identify entity types– To identify required entity types– Typically nouns, noun phrases, major
objects
Extract from data dictionary for Staff user views of Dream Home showing description of entities
Build Conceptual Data
› Step 2 Identify relationship types– To identify important relationships that
exist between entity types– Typically verbs, verb phrases– Determine multiplicity constraints
Extract from data dictionary for Staff user views of Dream Home showing description of relationships
First-cut ER diagram for Staff user views of Dream Home
Build Conceptual Data› Step 3 Identify and associate attributes with entity or relationship types– To associate attributes with appropriate
entity or relationship types and document details of each attribute
– Determine information required › Step 4 Determine attribute domains
– To determine domains for attributes in data model and document details of each domain
Extract from data dictionary for Staff user views of Dream Home showing description of attributes
Step 1 Build Conceptual Data› Step 5 Determine candidate, primary, and alternate key attributes– To identify candidate key(s) for each entity
and if there is more than one candidate key, to choose one to be primary key and others as alternate keys
– Strong entity› Primary key easily identifiable
– Weak entity› Primary key not identifiable› Need to map entity & relationship to owner entity to
identify primary key
ER diagram for Staff user views of Dream Home with primary keys added
Build Conceptual Data
› Step 6 Consider use of enhanced modeling concepts (optional step) – To consider use of enhanced modeling concepts,
such as specialization / generalization, aggregation
Build Conceptual Data
Build Conceptual Data Model
› Check model for redundancy – To check for presence of any redundancy in
model and to remove any that does exist
Example of removing a redundant relationship called Rents
Example of a non-redundant relationship Father Of (Time dimension example)
Build Conceptual Data Model› Step 8 Validate conceptual model
against user transactions – To ensure that conceptual model supports
required transactions› Describe transactions› Use transaction pathways
› Example– List the details of properties managed by a
named member of staff at the branch
Build Conceptual Data Model
› Step 9 Review conceptual data model with user– To review conceptual data model with user
to ensure that model is ‘true’ representation of data requirements of enterprise
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