components of global change
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What are the combined effects of global climate change and biological
invasions on insect community structure?
Components of global change
Habitat loss
Elevated CO2 Climate change
Invasive species
Insects
Invasions Elevated CO2
Insects
Invasions Elevated CO2
What are the combined effects
of elevated CO2 & plant
invasions on insect community structure?
0
10
20
30
40
Elevated [CO2] (n=2) Ambient [CO2] (n=3)
Inse
ct r
ich
nes
s
t=-9.91, df=3, p=0.002
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Elevated [CO2] Ambient [CO2]
Inse
ct a
bu
nd
ance
t=-2.61,df=2,p=0.12
Role of plant communities?
1. Plant quality?
C:N ratios herbivory
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Box elder Goldenrod Blackberry Nepal grass Honeysuckle
C:N
rat
io
*
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Her
biv
ory
(%
)
Box elder Goldenrod Blackberry Nepal grass Honeysuckle
*
Role of plant communities?
1. Plant quality
C:N ratios herbivory
2. Diversity
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Elevated [CO2] Ambient [CO2]
Pla
nt
rich
nes
s
t=1.06,df=1.07,p=0.48
0
10
2030
40
50
0 5 10 15 20
Plant richness
Inse
ct r
ich
nes
s Elevated
Ambient
Role of plant communities?
1. Plant quality
C:N ratios herbivory
2. Diversity
3. Invasives
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Elevated [CO2] Ambient [CO2]
Ho
ney
suck
le c
ove
r (%
)df=1,t=1.79,p=0.32
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 20 40 60 80 100
Honeysuckle cover (%)
Inse
ct r
ich
nes
sR2=0.25, p=0.02
Insects
Invasions Elevated CO2
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