!complete table of contents! bellwork: fill the box
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!Complete Table of Contents!
BELLWORK: Fill the boxBOX #1 :Read the article about Zircon
and tell me: 1) What you learned
2) Why is it important?YOU MUST FILL THE ENTIRE BOX
“The present is the key to the past.”
-James Hutton
MINERAL DISCOVERY
Each specimen matches a number in the tin---Don’t switch them!
ALL ANSWERS REQUIREDWhat color is it?Can you see through it?How heavy is it?What shape is it?Where do you think it came from?
1 sentenceHow do you think it formed?
1 sentence
North Carolina Minerals1. Olivine2. (Plagioclase) Feldspar3. Quartz4. (Biotite) Mica
Earth’s Energy Sources
1. The Sun 2. Earth’s Core
After the BIG BANG
Upper Mantle
Inner CoreOuter Core
Lower Mantle
Crust
GeosphereUPPER MANTLE:• Lithosphere – the crust & rigid upper mantle
• Asthenosphere – the molten (melted) upper mantle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Lava vs. Magma
Magma: liquid, molten material underground in the core and mantle
Lava: magma that reaches the surface of the lithosphere
Mineral Definition: 1.Naturally occurring2.Solid3.Orderly crystal structure4.Definite chemical
composition5. Inorganic
How Minerals Form(4 Major Processes)
1. Crystallization from Magma2. Precipitation (evaporated H2O)3. High Pressure & Temperature4. Hydrothermal (hot water) Solutions
Mineral vs. Non-Mineral
• Iron • Steel
Mineral vs. Non-Mineral
• Water • Diamond
Mineral vs. Non-Mineral
• Seashell • Table Salt
Birthstones
January- Garnet Aug- PeridotFeb- Amethyst Sep- SapphireMar- Aquamarine Oct- OpalApr- Diamond Nov-TopazMay- Emerald Dec- ZirconJune- PearlJuly- Ruby
Birthstone Info
Find out the mineral name for your birthstone and answer the following
questions:1. What is the mineral name? 2. How does it form?3. What elements does it contain?4. Sketch a picture5. What part of the world is found in?
Birthstone Minerals
January- Garnet Aug- OlivineFeb- Quartz Sep-
CorundumMar- Beryl Oct- OpalApr- Diamond Nov-TopazMay- Beryl Dec- ZirconJune- PearlJuly- Corundum
BRAIN POP!
End of Minerals
Read pages:68 and 76
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Bellwork: Box #2**Silently Read pages 68 and 76
Answer the following questions!
1.What is the difference between Weathering & Erosion?
2. What is the difference between compaction & cementation?
“Let us therefore open the book of Nature and read in her records…”
James Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1788
ESI:Earth Science
Investigation
Content Area: Science
ROCKS!
• 1. Obsidian• 2. Slate• 3. Granite (NC State Rock!)• 4. Sandstone
Scientific ControversyPrior to the 1700’s:
Society believed :All rocks formed from water and chemical precipitation
Most people thought granite crystallized from an ancient sea.
James Hutton: The Father of Modern Geology
Proposed a new idea…
Hutton’s fieldwork showed that granite had once been molten.
Can rocks melt?!!! Where are the clues?
Hutton found clues that granite was once molten magma. There are places where the melted granite flowed into the surrounding rock.
Scientific ControversyNEW VIEW
•All rocks originate from fire
•Volcanoes release internal pressure from the interior of the earth and form
rocks underground
An Earth from Fire An Earth from Water
Plutonist Neptunistvs.
Plutonism
Acceptance of Topic
•1830 – ACCEPTANCE Charles Lyell published, “Principles of Geology “ Scientific revolution led to the widespread acceptance of the once- radical concept that the earth was constantly changing.
• Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere.
Topic: The Rock Cycle
James Hutton= Rock Cycle
Contribution= Rock Cycle
Rocks • Solid material made of a mixture of
naturally occurring minerals
• Grouped into 3 main types, based on how they formed
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
1. Igneous Processes• Intrusive rocks:– formed deep within Earth–Magma “intrudes” into existing rock
• Extrusive rocks:– formed from lava at Earth’s surface–Lava cools quickly in air
2. Sedimentary Processes1. Weathering:Existing rocks are broken down by
chemical or physical means to create sediments.
2. Erosion: sediments are removed by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
3. Deposition: erosion energy becomes too weak to carry the sediments and they are “dropped”.
4. Compaction: Pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks.
5. Cementation: sediments are joined together (cemented) by minerals dissolved in water.
6. Strata :Layers of sediments go through the process and a rock forms over time.
3. Metamorphic ProcessesMetamorphism:• Changing of one type of rock in to
another due to - 1. Tremendous heat2. Great pressure3. Chemical reactions ( a change in
composition of minerals)
The Rock CycleThe continuous PROCESSES
that cause rocks to change over time.
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