comparison between kenya tertiary rift and liaodong bay depression 11th africa oil & gas, trade...
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COMPARISON BETWEEN COMPARISON BETWEEN
KENYA TERTIARY RIFT AND KENYA TERTIARY RIFT AND
LIAODONG BAY LIAODONG BAY
DEPRESSIONDEPRESSION
11th Africa Oil & Gas, Trade & Finance Conference & Exhibition Kenya 2007
23th-25th May 2007 Nairobi, Kenya
11th Africa Oil & Gas, Trade & Finance Conference & Exhibition Kenya 2007
23th-25th May 2007 Nairobi, Kenya
Wu Keqiang
Senior Geologist
Research CNOOC
Beijing China
Tel: 010-84525363
Email: Wukq@cnooc.com.cn
NOT AN OFFICIAL UNCTAD RECORDNOT AN OFFICIAL UNCTAD RECORD
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Colleagues at CNOOC
CNOOC International Limited
Science and Technology Development
Department, CNOOC
Research CNOOC
11th Africa Oil & Gas, Trade & Finance
Conference & Exhibition
3
Introduction of Kenya Tertiary Rift
and Liaodong Bay Depression
Petroleum Geological Comparison
of Kenya Tertiary Rift and Liaodo
ng Bay Depression
Advice and Conclusion
OUTLINEOUTLINE
4
Introduction of Kenya Tertiary Rift and Liaod
ong Bay Depression- Location and Exploration- Why Liaodong Bay Depression
Petroleum Geological Comparison of Kenya
Tertiary Rift and Liaodong Bay Depression
Advice and Conclusion
OUTLINEOUTLINE
5
The Location of Kenya Tertiary RiftThe Location of Kenya Tertiary Rift
Kenya Tertiary Rift Kenya Tertiary Rift locates in the western part of Kenya, develops in the locates in the western part of Kenya, develops in the eastern branch of the East African Rift System.eastern branch of the East African Rift System.
6
The Exploration Statue of Kenya Tertiary RiftThe Exploration Statue of Kenya Tertiary Rift
O IL A N D G A S SHO W
D RILLED & A BA N D O N ED WELLO IL SEEPO IL SHO W
G A S SHO W O IL A N D G A S SHO W
D RILLED & A BA N D O N ED WELLO IL SEEPO IL SHO W
G A S SHO W
FRONTIER AREAFRONTIER AREA
Aera : 38,904 kmAera : 38,904 km22
Wells : 2 Wells : 2
Seismic 2-D: 7,652 km Seismic 2-D: 7,652 km
Loperot 1: located in the southern part of the Lokichar Trough.
Encountered two lacustrine shale intervals with very good source rock potential.
Recovered some 9 liters of 29° API crude during a DST.
Eliye Springs 1: was drilled in the southwestern part of the Turkana Graben. The well was abandoned as dry.
Loperot 1
Eliye Springs 1
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
7
The Loacation of Liaodong Bay DepressionThe Loacation of Liaodong Bay Depression
BOHAI BAY BASIN
LIAO
DONG
BAY D
EPRESSION
Liaodong Bay DepLiaodong Bay Depression (LBD) ression (LBD)
locates on the northern locates on the northern part of Bohai bay basin, part of Bohai bay basin, China, covers an area abChina, covers an area about 15,300 square kilomout 15,300 square kilometers. eters.
8
The Exploration Statue of Liaodong Bay DepressionThe Exploration Statue of Liaodong Bay Depression
JZ31-6
120 exploratory and delineation w
ells were drilled, 79 wells got oil fl
ow, 9 oil & gas fields and 19 oil be
ared structures have been discov
ered. The geological success rate
is 66%.
Aera : 15300 kmAera : 15300 km22
Wells : 120Wells : 120
Seismic 2-D: 18,000km Seismic 2-D: 18,000km
9
Analog, why LBD?Analog, why LBD?
Comparative analysis is the most popular way at the beginning
of studying a frontier area. 3 reasons exit, why Choosing the Lia
odong Bay Depression (LBD) as the analog to compare with KT
R.
Basin type is similar-riftShape is similar-stripeFramework of basin is similar-half grabens
Comparing the basin origin, the petroleum geology and accumul
ation process of KTR with LBD, may obtain several good advice
s and ideas for exploration in KTR.
10
Tan-Lu fault system
Liaodong Bay Depression
Xu Shouyu,2005
The Basins TypeThe Basins Type
Kenya tertiary rift, is a new episode succeeded the Cretaceous-Paleogene one. This mainly N-S trending rifting phase has active since the Eocene and is responsible for the creation of a string of half graben sub-basins.
Liaodong Bay Depression sits astride the Tan-Lu fault system of eastern China, one of the world's largest strike-slip fault systems.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
11
The Basin ShapeThe Basin Shape
Basin Boundary Tan-lu fault
AB section
Shore line
rise sag
①
②③
④⑤
① Liaoxi sag ② Liaoxi rise ③ Liaozdong sag
④ Liaodong rise ⑤ Liaozhong sag
A
B
The structure framework of
Liaodong Bay Depression
Both of KTR and LBD are all narrow, elongated system of normal faults.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
12
Precanbrian basement
E-E.N1
Liaoxi sagLi
aoxi
Upl
ift Liaozhong sag
Lia
od
on
gU
plift
Liaodong sag
Zhang Gongcheng
The structural frameworkThe structural framework
Major extensional faults in the KTR define separate Basins with distinctive structural and geological setting. Five basins are included in KTR, Turkana onshore, Kerio, North Lokichar, Lokichar, South Kerio Trough.
LBD consists of 3 sub-basins(sags) and 2 rises, Liaoxi sag,liaozhong sag,liaodong sag, liaoxi rise, liaodong rise.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
13
Introduction to Kenya Tertiary Rift and Liaod
ong Bay Depression
Petroleum Geological Comparison of Kenya
Tertiary Rift and Liaodong Bay Depression- Structure Evolution- source rock- Reservoir and Cap- Habitat of LBD- Geological risks of KTR
Advice and Conclusion
OUTLINEOUTLINE
14
LIAODONG BAY
DEPREESION
RIFTING STAGE
Basin
Time
PRESENT
TERTIARY
CRETACEOUSBASEMENT
FAILED
REACTIVE
Late
Early
No or few deposits
Structural EvolutionStructural Evolution
During the tectonic evolution, KTR underwent the rifting stage Only, which may initiat
ed from Eocene, at the end of Neogene, regional uplifting occurred. LBD began its ev
olution in Paleocene, ungerwent 3 stage such as, rifting stage, failed rift stage and rea
ctive stage.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
15
The petroleum geology- source rockThe petroleum geology- source rock
Two major lacustrine shale source rock intervals, which were penetrated by Loperot-1, in KTR, aged Miocene and Oligocen
e respectively, are low to high mature.
The major source rock in LBD, is Shahejie Formation, lacustrine shale, which was aged Eocene.
Lokhone shale
Lopreot shale
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
16
ITEMSITEMS KENYA TERTIARY RIFTKENYA TERTIARY RIFT LIAODONG BAY DEPRESSIONLIAODONG BAY DEPRESSION
Age Miocene, Oligocene Eocene
Thickness(m) About 200 About 400-1200
TOC(%) 2.86(Ave.) 1.02-7.69 1.02-2.32
Type of Kerogen
II II
HI 508(Ave.) 186-748 290-454
Lithofacies Lacustrine shale Lacustrine shale
Degree of Maturity
Lokhone:low-Mature
Loperot:Mature to high mature
Mature to high mature
Data Daniel M. Jarvie, 2005 CNOOC
The petroleum geology- source rockThe petroleum geology- source rock
Besides the thickness penetrated by wells, several characters of source rock in KTR
are similar with LBD’s. Some items of KTR are better than LBD’s.
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3 4 5
TOC %( )
S 2mg
/g(
)
poor-non
fair
good
very good
Type I oil proneUsu lacustrine
Type II oil proneUsu marine
Type II/IIIOil/gas prone
Type IIIgas prone
Drygas prone
Leopart1, Lokichar basin(Daniel M. Jarvie, 2005)
Liaodong Bay Depression
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3 4 5
TOC %( )
S 2mg
/g(
)
poor-non
fair
good
very good
Type I oil proneUsu lacustrine
Type II oil proneUsu marine
Type II/IIIOil/gas prone
Type IIIgas prone
Drygas prone
Leopart1, Lokichar basin(Daniel M. Jarvie, 2005)
Liaodong Bay Depression
The petroleum geology- source rockThe petroleum geology- source rock
From the classification and potential assessment diagram of organic matter, both of organic matters in KTR and LBD, belong to type II, and lot of samples distribute in good to excellent area.
18
Source rock in Lokichar basinSource rock in Lokichar basin
Potential generating capacity of Lokhone Shale MePotential generating capacity of Lokhone Shale Member is estimated at 10.5 billion barrels. mber is estimated at 10.5 billion barrels.
Given that about 40% of the shale volume is at mid tGiven that about 40% of the shale volume is at mid to post mature levels this suggests the Lokhone Shalo post mature levels this suggests the Lokhone Shale Member could have generated about 4 billion barre Member could have generated about 4 billion barrels of oil.els of oil.AfterAfter Marine and Petroleum Geology 21 (2004) 63–78Marine and Petroleum Geology 21 (2004) 63–78
Potential generating capacity of Lokhone Shale MePotential generating capacity of Lokhone Shale Member is estimated at 10.5 billion barrels. mber is estimated at 10.5 billion barrels.
Given that about 40% of the shale volume is at mid tGiven that about 40% of the shale volume is at mid to post mature levels this suggests the Lokhone Shalo post mature levels this suggests the Lokhone Shale Member could have generated about 4 billion barre Member could have generated about 4 billion barrels of oil.els of oil.AfterAfter Marine and Petroleum Geology 21 (2004) 63–78Marine and Petroleum Geology 21 (2004) 63–78
Loperot Shale Member, which is mature to high-mature.
Lokhone Shale Member, which is low-mature to mature.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
19
The petroleum geology- reservoirs and seals The petroleum geology- reservoirs and seals Reservoir and cap
assemblages
I
II
III
On the base of two shale segments, III reservoir and cap assemblages were identified in KTR. On the base of two shale segments, III reservoir and cap assemblages were identified in KTR.
3 assemblages exit in LBD, E2d, E2-3s, Pre-T(carbonate and volcanic).3 assemblages exit in LBD, E2d, E2-3s, Pre-T(carbonate and volcanic).
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
20
The oil qualityThe oil quality
KTR:Tested oil ~ 29KTR:Tested oil ~ 29oo API API
(0.883)(0.883)
LBD:heavy oil LBD:heavy oil
API: 17.4API: 17.4o o (Ave.) (Ave.)
API<22.3(0.92): 86%API<22.3(0.92): 86%
The oil quality of KTB is The oil quality of KTB is
better than LBD.better than LBD.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
21
The oil habitat of LBD-sourceThe oil habitat of LBD-source, play, play
1. The favorable sag controls the fields distri
bution. About 80% reserves distribute aro
und Liaozhong sag.
2. The favorable assemblage controls the m
ost favorable play. Ed, the major play in L
BD, deposited almost 90% reserves.
Liaoxi sag Liaozhong sag Liaodong sagZhang Gongcheng
Liao
zhon
g sa
g
22
Liaoxi Sag Liaoxi Low Uplift
By Li Weilian
Liaozhong Sag
Liaodong Uplift Liaodong Sag
Fault block
Anticline pool
structural-stratigraphic buried hill pool Turbidite poolLithologicpinchout
4 types of oil accumulation zones:Rise, Steep slope zone, gentle slope zone, Inner grab
en. Almost 90% reserves deposit in gentle zones and rises.
Sand body and fault made up of the major transport system by which oil and
gas charged into the pools. Multiple types of oil pools are found in LBD.
The oil habitat of LBD-zone, poolThe oil habitat of LBD-zone, pool
rise
Gentle
slope
Steep
slope
Inner
sag
23
root mean square(RMS) amplitude of on-horizon slice Zhao Rumin , 2005
Absorption analysis profile Liu Zhibin , 2006
Produced 11.7 mmcf/day in DST, (choke: 11.91mm)
Proved gas layer
perspective gas layer
JZ31-6JZ31-6
24
The geological risks of KTR- source rockThe geological risks of KTR- source rock
The distribution of two layers source rock is limited.The distribution of two layers source rock is limited.From nation oil corporation of Kenya
25
Heat Flow Distribution in KenyaHeat Flow Distribution in Kenya
LokicharLokichar
basinbasin
Anza Anza
basinbasinThe maturity of source rock influenced by local heat flow, such as lava, obviously, it is difficult to identify the range of active pods.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
26
The The geological risksgeological risks of Kenya Tertiary Rift of Kenya Tertiary Rift
LOPEROT-1
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
W LOKICHAR BASIN
TVK-13 TVK-12
KERIO BASIN NE
BASEMENT
MIDDLE MIOCENE
LOKIC
HA
R FA
ULT
LOKO
NE FA
ULT
LATE MIOCENE TO
QUATERNARY
EARLY TO MIDDLE
MIOCENE
LOKONE SHALE
S
PALEOGENE TO
EARLY M
IOCENE
V V V V
LAVA FLOWV
LATE MIOCENETO PLIOCENE
?
EARLY TOMIDDLE
MIOCENE?
During late Neogene to present, after oil accumulated, regional uplifting and erosion occurred, so another risk is preservation condition.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
27
Introduction to Kenya Tertiary Rift and Liaod
ong Bay Depression
Petroleum Geological Comparison of Kenya
Tertiary Rift and Liaodong Bay Depression
Advice and Conclusion- Three step: source-transport-play- The critical technology: seismic
OUTLINEOUTLINE
28
In LBD, ① the favorable oil generating sag (Liaozhong sag) control the oil field di
stribution.
② the favourable reservoir rock and cap rock assemblage (Ed) controls t
he rich-play.
③ The gentle zones and rises controls almost 90% reserves.
④ Multiple oil pools are found in LBD
In the frontier area, such as KTR, according to the exploration pr
ogram and the primary factor controlling the oil distribution of L
BD, 3 points should be noticed during exploration activity.① looking for the favorable basins and grabens
② looking for the favorable reservoir and cap assemblage
③ looking for the favorable oil accumulating zones.
29
The distribution of basins in KTR
5 basins5 basins
Lokichar basin is the Lokichar basin is the best one. best one.
areaarea
thicknessthickness
Source rock layerSource rock layer
Oil seep or showOil seep or show
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
30
TVK101
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
31
EROSION Among the three reservoir and cap
assemblages, the lower assemblages
may be the best one.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
32
Lava and Seismic technologyLava and Seismic technology
At least two periods volcanics exist in KTR. They covered the dep
osits below them, brought the shielding effect on seismic profiles.
In KTR, the structural framework cannot be divided clearly, the lit
hofacies cannot be identified reliably, because of the shielding ef
fect.
From nation oil corporation of Kenya
33
Eliminating the shielding effect of lava, can obtain better sei
smic image. Thus the uncertainty and risk during explorati
on process can be decreased. So advanced seismic acqui
sition and processing technology is necessary.
Improve the reliability of sediment facies.
Study the framework of basin.
Improve the reliability of trap interpreted f
rom seismic datas.
34
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Kenya tertiary rift is similar with Liaodong bay depression in basin type, shape and framework.
They are differences in structure evolution and some factors of petroleum geology.
Kenya tertiary rift have good source rocks.
The area of active source rocks and the preservation post oil charging are geological risks for exploration. The latter is the worst one.
The oil habitat of Liaodong bay depression is useful for Kenya tertiary rift during exploration activity. The first step is to identify the favorable generating grabens, then to find the favorable area having good preservation condition.
Improve the seismic quality can decrease the geological risks and costs.
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