community transit
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Community Transit
This article is about the transit agency in Snohomish
County, Washington. It is not to be confused with Cobb
Community Transit.
Community Transit (CT) is the public transit authority
of Snohomish County, Washington, United States, ex-
cluding the city of Everett, in the Seattle metropolitan
area. It operates local bus, paratransit and vanpool service
within Snohomish County, as well as commuter buses
to Downtown Seattle and the University of Washington
campus. CT is publicly funded, financed through salestaxes, farebox revenue and subsidies, with an operating
budget of $133.2 million. The entire agency carried 9.8
million passengers in 2014 and its buses carried 8.7 mil-
lion, placing it fourth among transit agencies in the Puget
Sound region.[4]:100[5] The city of Everett, which serves as
the county seat, is served by Everett Transit, a municipal
transit system.
Community Transit, officially the Snohomish County
Public Transportation Benefit Area Corporation, op-
erates a fleet of 225 accessible buses, 54 paratransit vehi-
cles, and 412 vanpool vans, maintained at two bus bases
located in the Paine Field industrial area in Everett. Ser-vice is provided year-round at 1,500 stops on 46 routes
throughout the county public transportation benefit area
(PTBA). CT began operation as SCPTBA Public Tran-
sit on October 4, 1976, four months after the third at-
tempt to establish public transit in Snohomish County
was approved. Renamed to Community Transit in 1979,
the agency expanded service in its first decades of exis-
tence, later taking over King County Metro commuter
routes to Seattle in 1989 and adding several cities into
its PTBA in the 1980s and 1990s. CT service hours fell
during two funding crises in the 2000s, after the passage
of Initiative 695 in 1999 and during a severe recessionfrom 2010 to 2012. Despite the cuts, which forced ser-
vice hours to fall short of rising demand, the agency de-
buted the state’s first bus rapid transit line, Swift, as well
as introducing "Double Tall" double-decker buses on its
commuter routes to Seattle.
1 History
Snohomish County established its public transportation
benefit area (PTBA) after municipal corporations for
public transportation were added to the Revised Codeof Washington by the Washington State Legislature in
1975.[6][7] The PTBA plan for a countywide bus system
was approved during a general election on June 1, 1976,
funded by a three-tenths increase of the sales tax rate in
member cities.[8][9] Two previous attempts to establish
a bus system, under the Snohomish County Transporta-
tion Authority (SNOTRAN) in 1974,[10] were rejected
by voters from the entirety of Snohomish County.[11][12]
Heavy opposition came from the residents of Everett
because of the high sales tax rate and planned absorp-
tion of Everett Transit, acquired by the city in 1969,[13]
forcing the SCPTBA to exclude Everett in its success-
ful attempt at creating a bus system.[14]
SCPTBA PublicTransit began operating in the cities of Brier, Edmonds,
Lynnwood, Marysville, Mountlake Terrace, Snohomish
and Woodway on October 4, 1976,[15] using 18 leased
GMC buses on seven routes carrying 6,414 passengers
without fares during the first week.[16][17]
SCPTBA Public Transit, nicknamed the “Blue Bus” for
its blue livery,[18] carried 951,200 passengers in its first
year of service on 15 local routes and 16 commuter ex-
press routes to Downtown Seattle and Northgate,[19] con-
tracted through King County Metro as a continuation of
service provided by the Metropolitan Transit Corporation
to southern Snohomish County prior to its merger withSeattle Transit System in 1973.[20][21] The buses ran for
16 hours a day, charging a base fare of 20 cents (equiv-
alent to $1.00 in 2016).[22][23] Among the most popu-
lar lines was Route R14, accounting for 21 percent of
system ridership in the first three months, running from
the Edmonds waterfront to Lynnwood and the Boeing
Everett Factory.[24] The agency acquired its first federal
subsidies from the Urban Mass Transit Administration for
the 1978 fiscal year, to be used on the purchase of 18 new
buses as well as bus stop amenities, such as stop signs and
shelters.[19]
Community Transit was selected as the official name ofthe agency on June 19, 1979, recommended by Seattle-
based public relations firm McConnell Company ahead
of the winners of a public contest held by SCPTBA two
years prior.[18][25] CT continued to grow through the end
of the decade, annexing the cities of Arlington, Lake
Stevens, Monroe, Granite Falls, Mukilteo, Stanwood and
Sultan into the PTBA by 1980;[19][26] the bus system had
the largest growth in ridership within the state in 1980,
with local routes gaining 68.3 percent more riders and
Metro-operated “Cream Buses” to Seattle gaining 21.4
percent more riders.[26][27] Metro altered their number-
ing scheme for Snohomish County routes in 1981, cre-
ating the 400-series of routes, after the opening of thestate’s largest park and ride in Lynnwood.[28] The an-
1
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2 1 HISTORY
A 1989 Rapid Transit Series bus in Community Transit livery,
pictured in 2006.
nexations of outlying communities in northern and east-ern Snohomish County and the completion of park and
rides in Edmonds and Mountlake Terrace saw ridership
rise to over 3 million passengers by 1983. [29] Commu-
nity Transit took over the remaining commuter routes
to Seattle in 1989,[30][31] after commuter service was
subcontracted to American Transportation Enterprises in
1986.[32] The move to a private carrier was opposed by
both Metro and the Amalgamated Transit Union,[33][34]
but the introduction of 49 air conditioned coaches by
ATE led to a 25 percent increase in ridership by January
1987.[35][36] Commuter express service via Interstate 405
from CT park and rides in South Snohomish County
to the Eastside cities of Bellevue and Redmond began
in 1988 and 1990, respectively,[37][38] while Seattle ser-
vice was expanded with weekend service in 1990.[39] The
agency dedicated its own 20-acre (8.1 ha) bus base at
Kasch Park in 1985, replacing shared operations with the
Edmonds School District and Everett Transit, at a cost
of $4.8 million (equivalent to $106 million in 2016)[22]
that was mostly subsidized by the Urban Mass Transit
Administration.[40][41]
CT was involved in a criminal investigation conducted
by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the mid-
1990s of Ed’s Transmission, a transmission shop in Ev-
erett used by the agency for bus parts. Detectives from
the FBI and Snohomish County Sheriff seized records
from both parties and began a two-month audit of Com-
munity Transit management.[42] The auditors released a
report that criticized the management style of Executive
Director Ken Graska and his department heads, lead-
ing to the former’s resignation in December 1993 after
nine years at his position.[43] Federal prosecutors accused
Ralph Woodall, the 50-year-old co-owner of the shop, of
15 counts of mail fraud after intentionally overbilling for
transmission repairs. Community Transit Maintenance
Director Michael Lynn resigned after confessing that he
had accepted gifts from Woodall in exchange for send-ing all of CT’s transmissions to Ed’s Transmissions with-
out going through competitive bidding.[44] A U.S. Dis-
trict Court jury found Woodall guilty of 15 counts of
mail fraud in December 1996,[45] with Judge John C.
Coughenour sentencing him to 2.5 years in federal prison
the following May, along with Ed’s Transmission being
forced to pay a $825,000 settlement after a civil suit was
filed.[46]
In their most recent expansion in 1997, the Sno-
homish County PTBA annexed the Eastmont and Silver
Firs census-designated places between Everett and Mill
Creek, as well as the Tulalip Indian Reservation west of
Marysville.[47][48] During the same year, CT awarded its
$31.8 million (equivalent to $46.9 million in 2016)[22]
commuter service contract to Grosvenor Bus Lines,
which would later fold into First Transit, replacing their
first subcontractor, Ryder/ATE Management.[49] The
agency introduced the first low-floor articulated buses in
the United States into its fleet in 1999, purchasing 17
60-foot-long (18 m) buses from New Flyer to improve
accessibility for older and disabled riders.[50] Service im-provements throughout the 1990s, including raising ser-
vice hours to over 11 million, led to ridership peaking at
8.8 million by the end of the decade and the agency’s 100
millionth rider being celebrated in April 2000.[51][52] The
passage of Initiative 695 in 1999, which capped the state
motor-vehicle excise tax at $30, forced transit agencies
throughout the state to cut service in anticipation of lower
revenue. Facing the loss of $18 million (equivalent to
$24.7 million in 2016),[22] or 30 percent of its annual op-
erating budget, Community Transit eliminated all week-
end service and increased fares on its routes in Febru-
ary 2000.[53]
With the service cuts, CT began its VanGOprogram to donate its retired paratransit minibuses to
nonprofit organizations in Snohomish County instead of
auctioning them off.[54] Saturday service was reinstated
in September 2000, using emergency funds approved by
the CT Board,[55] while Sunday service returned in 2001
after the passage of a 0.3 percentage-point tax increase
by voters in the PTBA.[56] Further restoration of service
came in 2003, with increased frequency and the replace-
ment of 50 buses in the agency’s fleet made possible by
a budget surplus and the sales tax increase approved in
2002,[57] and in 2005, with increased fares.[58]
Community Transit introduced its current logo and sloganin 2005, replacing an older one in use since 1986 and
retaining its blue-and-white color scheme, as part of
the roll-out of the first New Flyer Invero buses in the
United States.[1][59] CT began a three-month pilot project
in September 2005 that brought Wi-Fi access to buses
on its longest route, Route 422 between Stanwood and
Seattle, with hopes of attracting customers and partial-
telecommuters to its routes.[60][61] The pilot project was
deemed a success and expanded into the “Surf and Ride”
program on all Route 422 trips in 2006, as well as select
trips on Routes 406 and 441 from Edmonds to Seattle
and Overlake on the Eastside, respectively; the Wi-Fi pro-
gram was canceled in 2010, with the removal of equip-ment in buses brought on by low customer response, bud-
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1.1 Proposed consolidations with Everett Transit 3
get constraints and the adoption of improved cellular net-
works that support mobile browsing on smartphones.[62]
CT and First Transit signed their third and most recent
contract in 2007, continuing the latter’s operation of CT
commuter service to Seattle;[63] both agencies debuted
the first double-decker buses in the Puget Sound regionduring a year-long test in 2007, with Community Tran-
sit buying its own Alexander Dennis Enviro500s for its
"Double Tall" fleet.[64] A PTBA expansion into the unin-
corporated areas of Cathcart, Clearview and Maltby was
attempted during the 2008 general elections, but failed to
gain a majority vote.[65] In November 2009, after three
years of planning and a year of construction,[66][67] Com-
munity Transit debuted the first bus rapid transit line
in Washington, Swift. The service replaced Route 100
on State Route 99 between Aurora Village in Shoreline
and Everett Station, featuring 12-minute headways, off-
board fare payment and transit signal priority.[68] The
Great Recession of the late 2000s and subsequent lossof an estimated $180 million (equivalent to $195 million
in 2016)[22] in sales tax revenue in Snohomish County
forced CT to cut service by 15 percent in June 2010,
including the elimination of all service on Sundays and
major holidays, to save $16 million (equivalent to $17.4
million in 2016)[22] until 2012.[69][70][71] A second cut,
with 20 percent of service eliminated, took place in
February 2012;[72] the CT Board rejected a major re-
structure that would have truncated its northern and east-
ern express service to Seattle at Lynnwood Transit Center
during this cut, instead opting to preserve its commuter
service.[73]
Despite the decline in service hours, Commu-nity Transit and Sound Transit had record ridership for
Snohomish County routes during the Super Bowl XLVIII
parade in Downtown Seattle in February 2014, carry-
ing a total of 22,500 passengers on 50 extra trips into
Seattle.[74] In March, the 2014 Oso mudslide destroyed
a portion of State Route 530 and forced CT to re-route
its service to Darrington through Skagit County, offer-
ing one-seat service to Smokey Point and Everett Station
in the interim as Route 231.[75] The partial reopening of
State Route 530 in June and full reopening in September
restored the original Route 230 on its original route, now
extended to Smokey Point.[76]
Community Transit began restoring cut service in
September 2014, adding 13 percent of its former bus
hours primarily to improve midday service.[77] In June
2015, CT restored its Sunday and holiday service as
part of a 27,000-hour expansion, representing 20 per-
cent of the 2010 reduction, funded by recovering sales
tax revenue and a 25-cent increase in fares the follow-
ing month.[78][79] The agency was given approval from
the state legislature in July 2015 to increase sales taxes
by an additional 0.3%, dependent on voter approval via
a ballot measure during the November 2015 election that
was eventually won, to fund a new Swift line as well as
local service expansion.[80][81]
1.1 Proposed consolidations with Everett
Transit
See also: Everett Transit
Attempted mergers of Community Transit with Everett
A Swift coach passing a parked Everett Transit bus at Everett
Station
Transit have been proposed by the Washington State Leg-
islature and the CT Board since the formation of SNO-
TRAN in 1974.[82] The relative success of Community
Transit in the late 1970s and 1980s prompted the Com-
munity Transit Board to propose consolidation with Ev-
erett Transit in 1988, though long-term planning under
SNOTRAN for both agencies worked under the assump-
tion that there would be no merger by 2000.[83] In 1990,
a second proposal was rejected by the Everett City Coun-
cil after consultants determined that a merger would onlysave $350,000 per year in deadheading for Community
Transit and that both staffs would need to be retained be-
cause of the lack of service duplication between the two
agencies.[84] Throughout the 1990s, successive legislative
bills proposing a merger were passed through the House
Transportation Committee, but failed to gain support
elsewhere because of successful lobbying from the City of
Everett.[82][85][86] State voters approved Referendum 49
in November 1998, including state motor-vehicle excise
tax revenue for city-run transit in Everett and Yakima.
While Everett Transit gained $4.5 million (equivalent to
$6.53 million in 2016)[22] in new annual funding, CT
was set to lose $1 million (equivalent to $1.45 million
in 2016)[22] over the next five years in addition to the
$2 million (equivalent to $2.9 million in 2016)[22] used
to operate service within Everett annually.[87] The large
cuts brought on by the passing of Initiative 695 and sub-
sequent loss of excise tax revenue forced both agencies
to consider merging in 2000,[88] with savings of an esti-
mated $1.7 million per year (equivalent to $2.27 million
in 2016)[22] according to a study commissioned by Com-
munity Transit.[89] As a result of the failed mergers, CT
proposed truncating its routes at Everett city limits, but
ultimately decided to provide limited-stop service on its
routes through Everett to the newly constructed EverettStation in 2002.[90][91][92] Community Transit and Ev-
erett Transit signed their first partnership agreement in
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4 3 SERVICES
2007, with Everett helping fund Swift bus rapid transit
through its service area and allowing CT to operate the
route in exchange for the expansion of ET service into
unincorporated areas surrounding Everett.[93][94] The two
agencies further collaborated with Sound Transit and the
Washington State Department of Transportation in the
construction of the South Everett Freeway Station the fol-lowing year.[95]
1.2 Regional projects with Sound Transit
Main article: Sound Transit
Community Transit and Everett Transit agreed to break
away from SNOTRAN, which served as their planning
and administrative body in addition to disbursing fed-
eral subsidies, after CT complained of a “lack of com-
munication” between the three agencies.[96] The county
agency formally disbanded on December 31, 1994,[10] re-
placed by the Joint Regional Policy Committee (JRPC)
that formed four years prior to coordinate transit planning
for the entire Puget Sound region.[97] A regional transit
agency was formed in 1993 under the JRPC, organizing a
$6.7 billion (equivalent to $10.4 billion in 2016) [22] plan
for regional transit that was put to a vote on March 14,
1995, failing to pass outside of Seattle, Mercer Island and
Shoreline.[98][99] The plan included a commuter rail line
on the BNSF Scenic Subdivision between Everett, Muk-
ilteo, Edmonds and King Street Station in Seattle, a light
rail line from Lynnwood to Seattle following Interstate 5,and express bus service to light rail stations.[100] The fol-
lowing November, the smaller “Sound Move” plan was
approved at a cost of $3.9 billion (equivalent to $5.88 bil-
lion in 2016),[22] including commuter rail from Everett to
Seattle and express buses on Interstate 5 from Everett and
Lynnwood to Seattle and Bellevue.[101][102]
The regional transit agency, renamed to Sound Tran-
sit the following year,[103] began operating its Sound
Transit Express buses under contract with Community
Transit in September 1999.[104][105][106] The new express
buses connected park and rides in southwestern Sno-
homish County, the only part of Community Transit’s ser-vice area within the Sound Transit taxing district,[107] to
Downtown Seattle, including the newly opened, 1,000-
stall Ash Way Park & Ride in northern Lynnwood.[108]
Sound Transit funded several capital projects to improve
bus service on the Interstate 5 corridor, including di-
rect access ramps from HOV lanes to Lynnwood and
Ash Way park and rides that opened in 2004 and 2005,
respectively.[109][110] In 2011, the existing Mountlake
Terrace park and ride was expanded with an 890-stall
parking garage and bus platforms in the median of I-5
connected by a pedestrian bridge.[111]
Commuter rail service to Snohomish County on theSounder North Line began in December 2003 with a sin-
gle round-trip connecting Everett and Edmonds to King
Street Station in Seattle during rush hour.[112] Service was
expanded to a second round-trip in June 2005 and a third
round-trip in September 2007,[113][114] while an infill sta-
tion opened at Mukilteo in May 2008, also bringing ad-
ditional service in the form of a fourth round-trip the fol-
lowing September.[115]
An expansion of the Link Light Rail system in the
“Sound Transit 2” package was approved in Novem-
ber 2008, including 54% of southwestern Snohomish
County voters,[116] funding the extension of light rail to
Lynnwood.[117] The 8.5-mile-long (13.7 km) light rail
line will run along Interstate 5 from Northgate Tran-
sit Center in Seattle to Lynnwood Transit Center and is
scheduled to begin construction in 2018 and open for ser-
vice in 2023.[118] Sound Transit has also begun exploring
a possible light rail extension to Everett via Paine Field,
anticipated to be included in the “Sound Transit 3” ballot
measure in 2016.[119]
2 Administration
Community Transit is administered by a nine-member
board, composed of two members of the Snohomish
County Council, two elected officials from PTBA cities
with populations of 30,000 or more, three elected offi-
cials from cities with between 10,000 and 30,000, and
two elected officials from cities with less than 10,000, that
meets monthly at their headquarters in Everett.[120]:6 The
board is led by a non-voting chief executive officer, a po-sition held by Emmett Heath since he was promoted from
interim CEO in March 2015.[121] CT adopted an operat-
ing budget of $133.2 million for 2015; 65 to 70 percent
of revenue is provided by a 0.9 percent sales tax within
the PTBA, the maximum authorized for transit agencies
under state law, while a combination of fares and federal
subsidies comprise the remainder.[122][123] The agency
employs 579 full-time equivalent persons, divided into
eight departments.[120]:6
CT is headquartered at their Merrill Creek Operating
Base at 7000 Hardeson Road in the Paine Field industrial
area of South Everett, located northeast of the Boeing Ev-
erett Factory. The 87,065-square-foot (8,088.6 m2) Mer-
rill Creek administrative building opened in 1997 and is
the primary bus base for the agency’s fleet of buses and
vans.[124] Additional administrative buildings and fleet
parking lots are located at the Kasch Park Operating Base
south of the Boeing Freeway.[120]:17
3 Services
See also: List of Community Transit bus routes
Community Transit operates fixed bus routes throughoutthe 1,308-square-mile (3,390 km2) Snohomish County
PTBA, serving 47 percent of its 542,000 people and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transportation_benefit_areahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snohomish_County,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_routehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Community_Transit_bus_routeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_State_Route_526https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_garagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Everett_Factoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Everett_Factoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paine_Fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-time_equivalenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_taxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snohomish_County_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snohomish_County_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paine_Fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynnwood_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northgate_station_(Sound_Transit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northgate_station_(Sound_Transit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynnwood_Link_Extensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_Light_Railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukilteo_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infill_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infill_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_hourhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Street_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Street_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonds_station_(Washington)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounder_North_Linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestrian_bridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_striphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_garagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountlake_Terrace,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountlake_Terrace,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOV_lanehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transit_Expresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transit_Expresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_bus_servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_5_in_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Street_Station_(Seattle)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenic_Subdivisionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNSF_Railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuter_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreline,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_Island,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_agencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_agencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_area
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3.1 Fares 5
The bus shelters and parking garage at Mountlake Terrace Tran-
sit Center, served by several local routes and commuter routes on
nearby Interstate 5.
76 percent of its 254,000 jobs.[120]:43–44 [125] The 46 bus
routes serve 1,500 bus stops, of which 250 have a bus
shelter—the rest consist of a standalone sign or a sign
with a bench.[120] :23 The bus routes are divided into
three types of service, numbered according to desti-
nation: frequent bus rapid transit on the unnumbered
Swift,[126] 24 local routes in the 100s for southern Sno-
homish County and 200s for northern and eastern Sno-
homish County, and 22 weekday peak-only commuter
express routes from park and rides to the Boeing Everett
Factory numbered as the 2X7s,[127] Downtown Seattle in
the 400s,[128] and the University of Washington campus in
the 800s.[129][130] CT and their subcontractor First Tran-sit also operate all-day, all-week Sound Transit Express
service to Seattle and Bellevue on six routes numbered in
the 500s.[131] Typically, service changes occur in Febru-
ary and September, in response to ridership and requests
from the community.[132]
Commuter bus routes to Boeing in Everett, Downtown
Seattle and the University District originate at one of
the 24 Community Transit park and rides and transit
centers located throughout Snohomish County, with a
total capacity of 8,500 automobiles.[120] :17–18 [133] The
largest facilities, primarily located in southwest Sno-
homish County, include weatherproof bicycle lockers inaddition to automobile parking.[134] The majority of park
and rides are owned by the Washington State Department
of Transportation and maintained by Community Transit
and other service providers.[120]:20–22 [135]
In addition to bus service, CT operates a vanpool pro-
gram with a fleet of 414 vans originating from the Kasch
Park operating base in Everett. The fleet comes in con-
figurations with 7, 12, or 15 seats, with two special vans
equipped with wheelchair lifts.[136] Community Transit
reports that there are 361 active vanpools using their
service, providing 0.9 million rides in 2014.[120]:15 CT
leases vanpool lots, called “park and pool lots”, from lo-cal churches and other private parties at 15 locations with
a total capacity of 425 parking stalls.[120]:17–18
Dial-a-ride transportation (DART) service is also offered
by Community Transit, contracted through Senior Ser-
vices of Snohomish County since 1981.[4]:67[137] DART
paratransit is available for a fare of $2 for qualifying cus-
tomers within 0.75 miles (1.21 km) of local CT routes
during regular operating hours.[138] As of 2014, CT has
4,100 registered DART users that take an average of 700trips per day.[120]:15
3.1 Fares
Fares on Community Transit buses are priced into three
groups: adult, youth, and reduced. Adult fare is charged
for passengers between the ages of 19 and 64, youth fare
is charged for passengers between the ages of 6 and 18,
and the reduced fare is charged for passengers over the
age of 65 or those with disabilities or Medicare card hold-
ers. Up to two children under the age of 5 ride free
with a chaperone paying full or reduced fare for them-
selves. Fares also change based on service level, with
local service within Snohomish County costing the least
and commuter service to Seattle being more expensive;
commuter service from southern Snohomish County and
Everett is also less costly compared to commuter service
from northern and eastern Snohomish County.[139] The
last fare increase occurred on July 1, 2015, raising the
adult and DART fares by 25 cents.[79]
The regional ORCA card was introduced as an integrated
smart card for transit agencies in the Puget Sound region
on April 20, 2009,[140] allowing users to load monthly
passes and value through an e-purse web interface. The
card also allowed free transfers within a two-hour pe-
riod between transit agencies of equal value, with the
difference for higher fare subtracted from the e-purse or
prompting for cash.[141] While initially available for no
fee, effective March 1, 2010 a $5 cost was added when
ordering a standard adult or youth ORCA card.[142] CT
removed their paper transfers on January 1, 2010 after
the ORCA card made them obsolete.[143]
Community Transit also offers monthly passes through
local higher education institutions, including Edmonds
Community College, the University of Washington,
Cascadia College, and the Lynnwood Campus of Central
Washington University.[139]
Dial-a-ride transportation, a type of paratransit service
operated by Community Transit, has a flat fare of $2.25
without discounts or separate categories. ORCA cards
are not accepted on DART, replaced by tickets and
monthly passes for frequent users.[139]
4 Fleet
As of January 2014, CT maintains and operates a fleetof 696 vehicles from its operating bases at Kasch Park
and Merrill Creek. The 227-bus fleet has been reduced
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratransithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-a-ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Washington_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Washington_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascadia_Collegehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonds_Community_Collegehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonds_Community_Collegehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_educationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_cardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORCA_cardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_public_transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratransithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-a-ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair_lifthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanpoolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Transportationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Transportationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_lockerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_District,_Seattlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellevue,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transit_Expresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcontractorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Seattlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Everett_Factoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Everett_Factoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuter_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuter_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_hourhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_Bus_Rapid_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stophttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_5_in_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountlake_Terrace,_Washington
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6 5 REFERENCES
from 291 vehicles in 2010 because of major service cuts
in 2010 and 2012, forcing Community Transit to down-
size in order to comply with the spare ratio policies set
by the Federal Transit Administration. The fleet is com-
posed of 30-foot (9.1 m) and 40-foot (12 m) vehicles, as
well as specialized 60-foot (18 m) articulated buses and
42-foot (13 m) double-decker buses. Buses typically arepowered by diesel engines, with the exception of the 15
hybrid diesel-electric Swift articulated buses and 15 40-
foot (12 m) hybrid buses.[120]:25–26
Since 1995,[144] all Community Transit buses are low-
floored and equipped with a hydraulic or pneumatic
"kneeling" device in addition to wheelchair lifts for 6-
wheeled motorized wheelchairs.[138][145] CT buses have
also feature two bicycle racks located in front of the wind-
shield since 1996;[134][146] Swift bus rapid transit buses
have three bike racks located inside the vehicle for re-
duced dwell times.[126][147]
In addition to its bus fleet, Community Transit main-
tains 412 vans for its vanpool program and 54
DART paratransit minibuses equipped with wheelchair
lifts.[120]:25–26 Retired vanpool and DART vehicles are
donated to local non-profit organizations through the
VanGO program,[148] which has gifted 106 vans since its
establishment in 2000.[149][150]
4.1 Double Tall
The leased Alexander Dennis Enviro500 in Community Transit
livery, pictured in Downtown Seattle in 2007.
Community Transit has a fleet of double-decker buses
used on commuter routes from park and rides to
Downtown Seattle, named the “Double Tall” in refer-
ence to the double tall cup size at Starbucks, a cof-
fee chain founded and headquartered in Seattle.[151] The
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 was introduced during a
one-year pilot project in 2007, on lease from Alexan-der Dennis for $15,000 per month.[152][153] The 42-foot-
long (13 m), 14-foot-high (4 m) Enviro500 seated 77,
with standing room for 20 additional passengers, replac-
ing the capacity of the standard articulated buses used
on the commuter routes in a smaller footprint.[154] Prior
to the end of the trial in 2008, CT placed an order of
23 Enviro500s, scheduled to be delivered and put into
service in 2010;[64][155][156] the initial order was not ful-
filled until 2011, when manufacturing was moved to anElDorado plant in Riverside, California to meet federal
Buy America Act requirements.[157][158] A second order
of 17 Enviro500s, to replace older articulated buses, was
made in 2013 and is scheduled to be in service by sum-
mer 2015.[159][160][161] The CT Board approved the addi-
tion of 5 Double Talls to their order in December 2014,
with expected delivery in 10 months instead of the 2 years
required for a separate order.[162]
Sound Transit introduced five of its own double-decker
buses in 2015 for use on their Snohomish County routes
under contract with Community Transit.[163][164] Sound
Transit plans to eventually replace its entire SnohomishCounty fleet with double-deckers, beginning with 32
buses by 2021.[165][166]
The fleet of 45 double-decker buses operated directly
by Community Transit is, As of 2015, the second-
largest double-decker fleet of any public transit agency
in the United States, behind RTC Transit of Las Vegas,
Nevada and ahead of Unitrans of Davis, California and
Antelope Valley Transit Authority of Antelope Valley,
California.[154]
4.2 Current bus fleet
As of March 2016 [167]
5 References
[1] “Community Transit Debuts First U.S. Invero Bus” (Press
release). Everett, Washington: Community Transit.
March 1, 2005. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
[2] “Agency Profile”. Community Transit. Retrieved
September 1, 2014.
[3] “Contact Us”. Community Transit. Retrieved September
1, 2014.
[4] Heath, Emmett (June 4, 2015). 2014 Comprehensive An-
nual Financial Report Years Ended December 31, 2014
and December 31, 2013 (PDF) (Report). Community
Transit. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
[5] Charnews, Mark (May 2014). “Regional Transit Rider-
ship” (PDF). Puget Sound Trends . Puget Sound Regional
Council. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
[6] Aweeka, Charles (July 20, 1975). “Meeting set on public
transit”. The Seattle Times . p. A22.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seattle_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_Regional_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_Regional_Councilhttp://www.psrc.org/assets/2122/trend-t6.pdfhttp://www.psrc.org/assets/2122/trend-t6.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDFhttp://www.commtrans.org/About/Documents/2014%2520CAFR%25206-10-15.pdfhttp://www.commtrans.org/About/Documents/2014%2520CAFR%25206-10-15.pdfhttp://www.commtrans.org/About/Documents/2014%2520CAFR%25206-10-15.pdfhttp://www.communitytransit.org/about/contactus/http://www.communitytransit.org/about/agencyprofile/http://www.communitytransit.org/newsrelease/1088https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelope_Valleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelope_Valley_Transit_Authorityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis,_Californiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitranshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTC_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sound_Transit_Express_bus_routeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buy_America_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside,_Californiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ElDorado_Nationalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulated_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing-room_onlyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_projecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dennis_Enviro500https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dennishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbuckshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Seattlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Community_Transit_bus_routes#Commuter_routeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-decker_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Seattlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dennis_Enviro500https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_organizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minibushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratransithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanpoolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_dwell_timehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_carrierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorized_wheelchairhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair_lifthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneeling_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumaticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-floor_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-floor_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_Bus_Rapid_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-decker_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulated_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Transit_Administrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spare_ratio
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7
[7] White, Richard O., ed. (July 1, 1975). “Chapter 270 (En-
grossed Substitute Senate Bill No. 2280): Public Trans-
portation”. 1975 Session Laws of the State of Washing-
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(PDF). Session Laws of the State of Washington (1975
ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legisla-
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[8] Lane, Bob (June 2, 1976). “Snohomish County bus sys-
tem OK'd”. The Seattle Times . p. A10.
[9] “Community Transit Marks 35th Anniversary” (Press re-
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ber 3, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
[10] Brooks, Diane (December 30, 1994). “Sno-Tran Has Met
Goals, Calling It A Day -- Tomorrow Ends Decade Of
Success For Transit Agency”. The Seattle Times . Re-
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[11] Daniel, Linda (September 18, 1974). “Snohomish
County: Bus-system proposal defeated”. The Seattle
Times . p. A15.
[12] “Transit fails again in Snohomish County”. The Seattle
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[13] “Everett Voters Approve City Transit Venture”. The Seat-
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[14] Lane, Bob (October 24, 1974). “Snohomish County again
to try transit plan”. The Seattle Times . p. A26.
[15] Lane, Bob (May 30, 1976). “Part of Snohomish County
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[16] Lane, Bob (September 26, 1976). “Bus service to begin
Oct. 4 in Snohomish County areas”. The Seattle Times . p.
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[17] “New bus system works 'pretty well' on first day”. The
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[18] Aweeka, Charles (June 20, 1979). “County transit finally
ends name game”. The Seattle Times . p. H1.
[19] Cartwright, Jane (October 5, 1977). “Snohomish Co.
transit system in successful year”. The Seattle Times . p.
H3.
[20] Lane, Bob (December 20, 1972). “2 OK’s ease way for
Metro busses in Snohomish”. The Seattle Times . p. D2.
[21] Bergsman, Jerry (January 2, 1973). “In Lynnwood: Here
it comes—there it goes”. The Seattle Times . p. A14.
[22] “Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Re-
serve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved November 10,
2015.
[23] Lane, Bob (November 17, 1976). “Snohomish County
public transit is going places”. The Seattle Times . p. B12.
[24] Lane, Bob (January 26, 1977). “One blessing: New bussystem can only be measured in months”. The Seattle
Times . p. H9.
[25] Cartwright, Jane (June 29, 1977). “What’s in a name?
Buses are the same”. The Seattle Times . p. H1.
[26] Suffia, David (October 8, 1980). “Community Transit
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[27] Macdonald, Sally (August 13, 1980). “Gains in bus rider-
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[28] Aweeka, Charles (May 20, 1981). “Lynnwood park-and-
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[29] Public Transportation Office (October 1984). “Lo-
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[30] Bergsman, Jerry (September 21, 1988). “Metro Buses
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[31] Bergsman, Jerry (June 9, 1989). “Some Bus Commuters
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tion required (help)).
[32] Aweeka, Charles (July 23, 1986). “Harmony Reached So
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[33] Aweeka, Charles (July 3, 1985). “Metro Warns CT About
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[34] Aweeka, Charles (January 22, 1986). “Transit Union
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[35] Gilje, Shelby (September 23, 1986). “Rider Contends
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[36] Aweeka, Charles (January 7, 1987). “Commuters Flock
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[39] Bergsman, Jerry (June 4, 1990). “CT To Expand Com-muter Service -- Weekend Runs Will Be Offered”. The
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[40] Aweeka, Charles (May 1, 1985). “New Everett Base To
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