community & social change chapter 13 fall 20101. community & social change: 7 approaches...
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Community & Social Change: 7 Approaches
Fall 20102
1. Consciousness Raising2. Social Action3. Community Development4. Community Coalitions5. Organizational Consultation6. Creating Alternative Settings7. Policy Research & Advocacy
(1) Consciousness Raising
Fall 20103
Increasing citizens’ awareness of social conditions
Requires community readiness--index of how much locality recognizes problem as residing in environmental conditions/ policies
Power derived from shaping definition of problem/ conflict
Examples: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Social Action
Fall 20104
Identifies specific obstacles to empowerment of disadvantaged groups by: _______________________________________ _______________________________________
Confronts power of those with resources
(3) Community Development
Fall 20105
Development for future of community
Gradual strengthening of local institutions/ conditions _______________________________________ _______________________________________
Usually top down coordination of existing community sectors
(4) Community Coalitions
Fall 20106
Bring together a broad representation of citizens & community organizations within a locality to address a specific community problem
____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
(5) Organizational Consultation
Fall 20107
Working with workplaces (for profit or nonprofit), to make changes in the organization’s policies, structures, or practices.
____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________
(5) Organizational Consultation
Fall 20108
Policies ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Structures____________________________________
Practices____________________________________
(6) Creating Alternative Settings
Fall 20109
creating settings to counteract dissatisfaction with existing settings
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________
(6) Creating Alternative Settings
Fall 201010
Settings created as alternative options to existing settings because of dissatisfaction with existing settings
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________
(7) Policy Research & Advocacy
Fall 201011
Conducting research & seeking to influence public decisions, policies, or laws
testifying in lawsuits writing “state of the art” research pieces
supporting particular legislative initiative (best practices)
conducting research on a social issues such as homelessness to provide framework for future policy action
Policy Research: Its Logic
Fall 201012
(1) Look at claims that policy is intends to accomplish
(2) Look at assumptions underlying claims
(3) Conduct empirical research which assesses both claims & assumptions
Policy Research: A Small Example
Fall 201013
Should single sex girls’ schools stay single sex?
Policy claims/assumptions
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________
Research Methods
Fall 201014
Surveyed Young women currently in single sex & coed
schools Graduates of both types of schools in 1st year of
college
Classroom Environment Scales
Assessed leadership positions through yearbooks
Findings
Fall 201015
More academically challenging classroom environments (task orientation, involvement) in single-sex schools
More leadership positions in single-sex schools
Slightly more “free at last” dating behavior in 1st college semester, no 2nd semester differences
No difference in grades or college leadership roles freshman year
What Would You Conclude?
Fall 201016
What factors go into your decision?
What would you want to know before deciding whether or not to maintain single-sex schools?
Betterment or Empowerment?
Fall 201017
Top down or Bottom Up?
Community betterment is ___________________
works within system usually initiated by professionals issue may not affect them directly community needs/deficits the usual targets useful at gaining outside resources
Community Empowerment—Bottom up
Fall 201018
Citizen initiated/controlled
Decisions made by those affected by them
Useful to engage community resources & retaining local control
More likely to be confrontational
7 Core Elements of Successful Community Change
Fall 201019
1. Target more than 1 area of action 2. Local design of initiatives3. External linkages & resources4. Plausible theory of community change 5. Effective intensity6. Strengthening sense of community7. Long term perspective
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