coldwar

Opposites Attract! Starter:Match up the statements to the correct

ideology

Communism

Capitalism

Lower standard of living, although equal in theory

Opportunity for all

Any person should be free to start a business, and employ people

Fairness and equality for all

A controlled economy

No private person should be able to profit from the work of citizens

Wide spread between rich & poor

Only 1 party of government

A free economy

All profits go back to the state

Democracy

The Cold War The Cold War 1945-1991 1945-1991 Paper IPaper I

Your musical odyssey of the 1980s continues....

Learning outcome

Explained why the USA and USSR fell out after 1945

CourseworkTuesday 8th January 2008

Mock Exams

Wed 12th December 0900-1100 Paper I

Tues 18th December 1300-1430 Paper II

Read the handout

sheet p160-161

Task 1

For the Good News & Bad News headings come up with Newspaper headlines from both the USA and USSR perspective.

Include names of newspapers from the two countries.....

Political Hustings?

Task 2

Look at the two factfiles.Script a hustings speech persuading someone - who is not political - of the benefits of the system of your choice....You may want to include heckles from by-standers

Minimum 100 words in length.Max 250 words.

Starter

Continue to work on your ‘hustings’ speech

Learning outcome

Finished off our speech and then performed it.....with a twist!

What is this from?

These clips are an example of?

Where could we film in front of?

A few tips on the bluescreen....

Something like this....

The Allies fall

out....1945

The Allies fall

out....1945

Read handout

sheet p162-3

Yalta Factors Potsdam

Date

Leaders

Eastern Europe

Technology

Yalta Factors Potsdam

Feb 1945 Date July – Aug 1945

Churchill – UKRoosevelt – USAStalin - USSR

Leaders Churchill – UKTruman – USAStalin - USSR

Agreed would be part of Soviet ‘sphere of influence’Divided GER into 4 zones – British, French, American and SovietBerlin divided the same way

Eastern Europe Soviet troops occupying most of Eastern Europe this worried the USSR

Nothing noted Technology Truman informed the Soviets that the USA had developed the atomic bomb. Stalin pretended not to understand but secretly was worried

YALTA (in the USSR)YALTA (in the USSR)Date: Feb 1945Date: Feb 1945

Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and StalinRoosevelt and Stalin

Improve your knowledge

• The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.

POTSDAM (Germany)POTSDAM (Germany)Date: July 1945Date: July 1945

Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Truman and StalinTruman and Stalin

Iron CurtainIron Curtain – – A term used by A term used by Winston Winston

Churchill Churchill to describe the to describe the separating of separating of Those Those

communistcommunistlands of East lands of East Europe from Europe from

the the West. West.

Improve your knowledge

• The nuclear bomb gave America a lead which was expected to last at least 5 years. The rapid Russian development of nuclear technology, helped by the work of the “atom spies” was a shock.

Significantly, Russia hurriedly declared war against Japan at the beginning of August 1945 and rushed to advance into Asia to stake out a position for the post-war settlement. This helped make both the Korean and Vietnamese conflicts more likely.

Improve your knowledge

• Truman had been horrified at the pre-war Allied policy of appeasement and was determined to stand upto any Soviet intimidation.

The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”. Triggered by British inability to hold the line in Greece, it was followed by aid to Greece and Turkey, and also money to secure upcoming elections in Italy and the advance of Communist trade unions in France.

It signalled the end of “isolationst” policies.

Improve your knowledge

• The Marshall Plan reflected the strength of the US economy and offered huge sums to enable the war shattered economies of Europe to rebuild and, by generating prosperity, to reject the appeal of Communism, Czechoslovakia showed interest in receiving Marshall Aid but was blocked by Russia.

The Soviet system was as much dependent upon creating a self-contained economic bloc as it was in maintaining a repressive political system.

Improve your knowledge• West Berlin, as an outpost of Western

democracy and economic success deep within the Communist zone, was both a nest of spies for both sides and a constant challenge to the Soviets.

The Berlin Blockade was an attempt to starve the city into submission and the Allied airlift signalled the West’s determination to use all resources to defend Berlin.

Thereafter, it was accepted by both sides that Berlin would act as the trigger for general war. Any Russian invasion would be followed by conflict with the considerable Allied forces camped permanently on the plain of West Germany. Both sides finding Europe too dangerous a site for confrontation, looked elsewhere to compete.

Improve your knowledge

• The “Red Scare”, launched by Senator Joe McCarthy, dominated US politics for several years 1948-53 and helped pressure Truman into the Korean War, a costly and ultimately stalemated conflict. Given the suddeness of the fall of China, the development of the Soviet bomb, and the shocking performance of the Western secret services, the level of panic is understandable.

Improve your knowledge

• Truman restricted his ant-Soviet policy to one of “containment”, resisting the advance of Communism into South Korea. After some hesitation he resisted his Commander, Gen Douglas MacArthur’s attempt to “roll-back” Communism by invading North Korea and China.

MacArthur was dismissed but Truman’s successors continued to be drawn into conflicts of containment for the rest of the cold war. The beginning of the Korean War also highlighted the failings of the United Nations.

Up to 1950, Russia and America had respectively blocked each other’s iniatives by using their veto powers in the Security Council. Because the Russian delegates were boycotting the UN in 1950, Truman was able to condemn the Communist invasion of S Korea and to set up a counter-attack under the banner of the UN. In contrast to the pre-War League of Nations, at least this ensured that the UN would, in future, be able to deploy force in international disputes.