cloning

CloningMark Flores11/30/2010Triad FDziadek/Hawkinson

What is cloning? Cloning is the science of creating

another organism that is a duplicate genetic copy of another (What is Cloning?).

Three Types of Cloning DNA Cloning Reproductive Cloning Therapeutic Cloning(programs)

DNA Cloning Began in 1970’s It is the transfer of selected cells from

an organism to a bacterial plasmid The selected DNA is then planted in a

new host cell, where it will continue to grow and feed off of the host.

Today, it has become a common practice in molecular biology labs

(Programs)

Reproductive Cloning Is the creation of another animal with the same DNA as

another existing animal Process is called “Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer” Genetic material is transferred from an adult donor cell’s

nucleus to an egg without a nucleus and genetic material

The new egg containing DNA from the donor cell is given electric current and chemicals to stimulate cell division

The embryo is transferred to a female host’s uterus where it will develop until birth

(Programs)

Therapeutic Cloning production of human embryos for

research process is not to clone human

beings, but to create cells that are used to treat disease, study human development, as well as possibly cloning organs used for human transplants

(Programs)

What has been cloned?

(Drea)

Carp – Tong Dizhou, 1963 Dolly the Sheep - 1996

Cumulina the Mouse – 2000Mira the Goat - 1998

Why should animals be cloned? Could be a positive solution to reviving

extinct species, as well as saving endangered species from extinction

Resurrect Extinct Species Subject was an extinct species of mountain

goat called the Pyrenean ibex which had been extinct for a few years

Created by scientists who used Reproductive Cloning

A domestic goat was used to conceive the kid The cloned ibex only lived for a few minutes

and died due to deformation of the lungs The experiment proved that it is possible for

scientists to clone an endangered species(Connor)

Save endangered animals from extinction First clone of endangered species took

place in 2001 Subject was a wild ox called a guar lived for forty eight hours before dying

of infection Also in 2001 an endangered wild sheep

was cloned in Italy(Programs)

What is the benefit of human cloning research transplants improve medicine Answer to

infertility

Could be used to create transplants Therapeutic cloning is hoped by

scientists to produce transplants or human tissue

Scientists hope to generate organs from cloned human embryos which would reduce the need for organ donation

(Programs)

How this would work DNA would be taken from the patient and placed

into an egg without a nucleus. After the egg begins to divide, embryotic stem cells

would be harvested Embryotic stem cells are cells that can be

transformed into all types of tissue These stem cells would create an organ or tissue

that matches genetically to the patient, which would then be transplanted without the risk of rejection

(Programs)

Improve medicine Therapeutic cloning could also be used

to produce healthy cells that can replace those that have been damaged by diseases such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s

(Programs)

Answer to infertility Women, who have no biological or social children,

tend to show more signs of psychological stress then those who have conceived

(Rader) Adoption has been the alternative to couples who

are unable to conceive children Reproductive cloning has been thought of as

another possible solution to women who are infertile and want children who are “their flesh and blood”

(Parker)

“Customizing” Kids With Reproductive cloning, women could be

able to choose the personalities they would like their children to develop

Ex: Athletic, Smart, Social etc. Women could also be able to customize their

child's biological qualities Ex: skin color, eye color, height, hair color etc. Effective to women who choose not to marry

and stay single, but wish to conceive children(Parker)

Future of Cloning Scientists hope to use cloning as a source

for creating transplants, as donors are becoming rare to find.

Solution to infertility for single women who wish to conceive children without a spouse

Save endangered species Resurrect extinct species(Programs)

Works cited