climate responsive design for administrative building in different climate zones in palestine

By: Bara Thaher

Mohammad Sameer Osama Joma’a

Supervisor :Dr Sameh Mona

Climate Responsive Design For Climate Responsive Design For Administrative Building In different Administrative Building In different climate zones in Palestineclimate zones in Palestine

An-Najah National UniversityFaculty of Engineering

Building department

04/20/23 1

Project description

Methodology for solutions

Project design( Architectural , environmental , Structural , Mechanical, Electrical)

Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences

Outline:

Our project is a redesign and suggestion of administrative building.

These type of buildings are important as it is used in many fields of usage in different climate zones such as .

The building designers establish these type of buildings without an overview to climate differences.

Project description Why administrative buildings:

The employers of these type of buildings are not responsible for the energy bill, so they switch on the mechanical systems to reach their comfort zone.

This will cost the government

a lot of expenses.

Project description (cont.) Why administrative buildings:

We considered education and higher education building in Tulkarm.

Project description (cont.)

Four floors and ground floor building and 256 m² for each floor.

East west orientation , and the entrance form east elevation .

Project description (cont.)

Orientation of the building east-west.

solar design is not taken

into consideration.

Consumes a large amount of

energy because there is a huge

amount of air conditioners

Project problems

Project description (cont.)

The east elevation contain large glassing areas.

number of elevators is small compared

to the size of the building.

There are no emergency staircase.

No shading.

The parking capacity is not enough.

Project problems (cont.)

we have divided building solutions into three categories to compare.

Category 1: existed building in Tulkarm.

Category 2: suggested solutions for the existed building in Tulkarm.

Category 3: the effect of climate diversity on the building.

Methodology for solutions.

Project design : Architectural solutions

East elevation.

Project design : Architectural solutions (cont.)

West elevation.

Project design : Architectural solutions (cont.)

North elevation.

Project design : Architectural solutions (cont.)

South elevation.

Project design : Architectural solutions (cont.)

We used ECOTICT simulation program to analyze:

Day lighting levels.Thermal insulation.

We take a room in each elevation in existed and suggested buildings to be analyzed.

Project design : Environmental analyzing.

Daylight analysis:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

East room analysis in existed building.

%

23.2+

21.2

19.2

17.2

15.2

13.2

11.2

9.2

7.2

5.2

3.2

Daylight AnalysisDaylight FactorValue Range: 3.2 - 23.2 %© E C O T E C T v5

Visible Nodes: 48Average Value: 7.48 %

%

23.2+

21.2

19.2

17.2

15.2

13.2

11.2

9.2

7.2

5.2

3.2

Daylight AnalysisDaylight FactorValue Range: 3.2 - 23.2 %© E C O T E C T v5

Visible Nodes: 48Average Value: 7.48 %

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

East room analysis in suggested building.

%

21.4+

19.4

17.4

15.4

13.4

11.4

9.4

7.4

5.4

3.4

1.4

Daylight AnalysisDaylight FactorValue Range: 1.4 - 21.4 %© E C O T E C T v5

Visible Nodes: 36Average Value: 3.73 %

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

From the previous analysis, the output of ECOTICT program was as follow:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Thermal analysis

Using ECOTICT program, we analyzed the second floor in existed and suggested buildings, and extracted the simulation output.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Buildings thermal mass and walls layers.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

The existing and suggestion building have the same partition layers.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Types of window:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

We divide the second floor to four zone .

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

The output from the analysis are shown in the following table:

Heating load comparison:

Cooling load comparison:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Solar chimney:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Solar window:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Shading:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

Air conditions water disposal.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont.)

we redesigned the existing building in Tulkarm according to the followings:

The American Concrete Institute code ACI 318-05.

The seismic design according to UBC-97.

The analysis and design were done using SAP2000 program.

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design

Design data : 1. Compressive strength :

f\c =24 Mpa2.Yielding strength of steel

The yield strength of steel for flexure Fy= 420Mpa. 3. Bearing capacity of soil

the bearing capacity of soil Qall.= 20Mpa.4. Slab thickness

One way ribbed slab is selected in design. The longest span (one end continues) = 4.55 m.The thickness of slab (h) = 455/18.5=24.6 cmwe used 25 cm as a thickness of slab.

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

4.Beams dimension

5.columns dimensionGroup Dimension (mm)reinforcement

C1300*50012 14ɸ

C2300*60014 14 ɸ

type Dimension (mm)

Main beams250*550 drop 300*250

Secondary beams250*400

Edge beams300*400

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Columns types and distribution

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Compatibility check

3D Model Checks :

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Maximum deflections

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

ManualSAPError%

S.I.D11040105604.34 %

Live load369036830.27 %

• Equilibrium checks

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Check participating mass ratio:

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Slab moments from sap

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Slab reinforcement

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Reinforcement of a section in slab

Bottom steelTop steel

2ɸ18mm2ɸ12mm

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Design of beams

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Design of stairs

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Design of footings

GroupFooting dimension(B*L*H) m

Footing reinforcement

F1(2.00*1.80*0.35) 9 14 long directionɸ

10 14 short directionɸ

F2(2.20*2.00*0.35) 12 14 long directionɸ

13 14 short directionɸ

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Reinforcement of the windows

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont.)

• Elevator System Design.

• Water Supply Systems.

• Drainage Water Systems Design.

• HVAC System Design.

Project design : Mechanical design

Elevator System Design. After making calculations for the required elevators

the result was:

The elevator type is motor driven elevator with a sliding door we use 2 elevator type (2500/350)

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Water Supply Systems. we took the third floor as sample of

calculations :

• we use 1.5’’ for main vertical cooled Pipe

• We used 1’’ for main vertical heat Pipe We used 1.25'' for main horizontal

cooled pipe

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Water Supply Systems (cont.)

•We used 3/4 for main horizontal heat

• We used 3/8'' for sink.

• We used 3/8 '' for flush tank.

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Water Supply Systems (cont.)

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Drainage Water Systems Design.

After doing calculation for plumbing system we used for: • stack diameter 4’’.

• Lavatory pipe diameter 2’’.

• floor drain pipe diameter 3’’.

• Sewage Manholes pipe 4’’.

• Dischage pipe 4’’

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Drainage Water Systems Design (cont.)

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Drainage Water Systems Design (cont.)

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

DISCHAGE PIPE:

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

•HVAC System Design.Form ECOTICT, results of heating and

cooling load for the zone as flow :

: First zoneSecond zoneThird zoneFourth zone

Heating load 6360410354412501

Cooling load 13972126872996825046

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

•HVAC System Design (cont.).We use cooling load to design and diffuser which diffuse 400 CFM for room and other diffuse 200 CFM for Corridor . We use Design Tools Ducts Size Version

6.4 to find duct size .

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

•HVAC System Design (cont.).

Cooling load

First zone 13.9724

Second zone 12.6874

Third zone 29.9889

Furth zone 26.0647

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

•HVAC System Design (cont.).

Project design : Mechanical design (cont.)

Lighting Design:

we used lumens method to find required number of lighting units.

Used (F14T12) lighting unitsThe required lumens for offices 500 lux.For corridor 100 lux.For bath room 120 lux.Workplace height is 60 cm

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

We will take planning room sample of calculation diminutions (4.3*3.8*2.4)m

Reflection coefficient of the roof = 70%Reflection coefficient of the wall = 50%E=500 LuxF100T17------------Flux =4750Lum useKr = (L*W)/(Hm*(L+W))=(3.8*4.3)/(2.4*(3.8+4.3))Kr =0.8Uf=.35Df=LLD*LDD*RSDD------------- Clean

.85.*85.*85.= 61= DFE=(n*f*uf*df)/(A)

500( = n * 4750 *.35 * 0.61\)15.9N= n\4 = 15.15\4 = 4 Laminar

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

Electrical load

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

Electrical load

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

Electrical load

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

DIAlux:

Project design : Project design : Electrical designElectrical design . .

DIAlux:

After analysis and study we found out recommended choices for environmental elements for buildings according to their climate diversity as follows:

Orientation

JerichoNablusTulkarmorientationSouth-northSouth-northSouth-north

Recommendations for selection of Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate environmental elements according to climate differencesdifferences

Recommendations for selection of Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate environmental elements according to climate differences (cont.)differences (cont.)

ShadingJerichoNablusTulkarm

ShadingFull shadingIn summerIn summer

Thermal Mass

JerichoNablusTulkaremThermal massLowerHigherModerateInsulationLowerHigherModerate

ventilationJerichoNablusTulkarm

ventilationMechanical and natural

Naturalnatural

openings

JerichoNablusTulkarmLarge opening in:

No large openings

North and southNorth and south

height to widthheight >> widthheight => widthheight => width

Recommendations for selection of Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate environmental elements according to climate differences (cont.)differences (cont.)

Heating and cooling to be designed

Shape of building

JerichoNablusTulkarmShapeSquare with core

insideSquarerectangular

JerichoNablusTulkarmHeatingNot to be

designedTo be designedTo be designed

CoolingTo be designedTo be designedTo be designed

Recommendations for selection of Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate environmental elements according to climate differences (cont.)differences (cont.)