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Climate of Canada
Betsy Arntzen Canadian Studies K-12 Outreach Coordinator
Canadian-American Center . University of Mainewww.umaine.edu/teachingcanada
February 2011
Massachusetts Massachusetts Grade 4 Frameworks Grade 4 Frameworks
• 4.18Describe the climate, major physical characteristics, and major natural resources of Canada and explain their relationship to settlement, trade, and the Canadian economy.
Recent Weather Recent Weather ConditionsConditions
Celsius to Fahrenheit
• 5 = 41•-10 = 14•-29 = -20
February 2, 2011
Climate of CanadaClimate of Canada• The variety of
landscapes results in a diversity of climate.
City Average July
Average max -July
Average January
Average max January
Calgary AB 19.4 26.4 -3.9 2.5
Charlottetown PE 19.4 23.7 -5.8 -1.7
Edmonton AB 18.4 25.8 -9.7 -2.6
Halifax NS 19.0 23.7 -4.5 0.0
Montreal QC 20.4 25.1 -6.4 -3.1
Ottawa ON 19.7 25.2 -7.4 -3.8
Regina SK 21.9 30.1 -13.2 -7.0
Toronto ON 21.3 27.0 -2.9 0.6
Vancouver BC 18.8 22.8 3.0 5.6
Average temperatures in Canada’s main centers (Celsius):
Region: ARCTICRegion: ARCTIC• Four months with
above freezing temperatures
• Permafrost - low precipitation and cold temperatures
• Tundra – carpeted with low-lying vegetation of mosses, lichens, herbs, and dwarf shrubs
Coastal erosion of permafrost.
Canada geese on the tundra near Kuujjuaq, northern Quebec
Iqaluit, NunavutIqaluit, Nunavut
Region: ATLANTICRegion: ATLANTIC• The Atlantic
Ocean moderates the climate so winters are generally long and mild, and summers are short and cool.
• Wooded uplands, fertile lowlands, and a 7,000 mile long shoreline
Halifax, Nova ScotiaHalifax, Nova Scotia
Region: ST. Region: ST. LAWRENCELAWRENCE
• The climate is characterized by warm summers and cool winters, moderated by surrounding water bodies.
• These conditions are suitable to the growth of mixed wood and broadleaf forests.
•
Toronto, OntarioToronto, Ontario
Region: Region: CANADIAN SHIELDCANADIAN SHIELD
• On the Canadian Shield, summers are short, warm; winters are long and cold.
• Boreal Forests - Abundant annual precipitation allows coniferous forests to establish and grow
Chisasibi,QuebecChisasibi,Quebec
Region: PRAIRIESRegion: PRAIRIES• On the
Prairies, the large number of days of sunshine allow for development of the agricultural landscape
Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanSaskatchewan
Region: PACIFIC Region: PACIFIC COAST COAST
• Temperate Rainforests –
On the Pacific coast, the combination of heavy rainfall and mild temperatures year round supports temperate rain forests, large trees
Prince Rupert, Prince Rupert, British ColumbiaBritish Columbia
Climate of Canada
For More Information:
National Climate Data and Information Archivehttp://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/Welcome_e.htmlLocate climate data for many Canadian cities using our interactive map of Canada. Access the same hourly, daily or monthly data and Almanac averages and extremes by typing in the station name or location into the customized search tool.
Sources for images: Google imagesInformation cross checked with: Government of Canada websites
Please submit comments to: Betsy Arntzen
Canadian Studies K-12 Outreach CoordinatorCanadian-American Center . University of Maine
www.umaine.edu/teachingcanadaFebruary 2011
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