climate change project
Post on 14-May-2015
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The Serra das Araras Mnts
Mato Grosso, Brazil near the Araguaia river
This area was turned into a national park in 1939, and so is not as ecologically damaged as other areas of Brazil
The mountain region hosts peaks over 6,000 feet tall, so the flooding problems
from rising sea levels and the nearby river is avoidable
The area is host to fresh water
springs and the nearby Araguaia river, which will
provide water for drinking, cooking
and hygiene.
The Serra das Araras Mnts
The Araguaia river is also currently a popular river to fish on
FoodMany crops could be grown, including but not limited to corn, tomatoes, potatoes,
sweet potatoes, avocadoes, peppers,
strawberries, peanuts, squash,
beans, pineapples, and spices.
Terrain Farming
Terrain farming was
invented during the
Incan civilization
It is created to get maximum use of sloped land such as mountainsides
AqueductsAn aqueduct system is
designed to deliver water to the farmland
This design would use the rain water and
transport it downhill in a safer way so erosion is slowed down and the
water can be directed as needed.
How will we get fresh water?We will build irrigation channels through the
foothills that siphon rainwater & melt runoff to our civilization for collection. These will be
supplemented by recharging aquifers.We will… …build a community well that collects
groundwater.… use Rainwater Catchment Systems (RCS) to
supplement & dilute collected runoff.…use Bio-Sand Filters (BSF) to filter harmful
pathogens out of our water.…equip each household with a SOLVATTEN unit
for disinfection & storage.…supply stores/outposts with Iodine & Chlorine
solutions for small-scale disinfection
Irrigation channelsAncient irrigation
channels in the foothills of mountains can be
found in parts of Southeast Asia, such as
Nepal and the Philippines.The channels will be
built with burnt watertight clay (to be harvested in the silty areas of the Araguaia floodplains) and wood
to prevent leakage.
The advantage to living in the foothills of mountains is that we may use irrigation
channels to collect groundwater flowing down
the mountain without extracting/pumping it from the areas where we live and
grow our food.
Recharging Aquifers
Several small ponds will be built that connect with the channels, in order to catch rainwater and runoff to supplement the channels when flows get low. These will also be insulated by
clay from the floodplains.
One Community
WellConsolidated or rock wells are
drilled 250 feet into rock, rather
than dug into collapsible sand
and soil.
We use one well as a community because over construction of private wells in a
disorganized fashion would cause groundwater contamination.
Rainwater Catchment SystemsWater can be collected
in RCS in two ways. The tank can be
situated on the ground (pictured right), and
rainwater will flow from the gutters through the pipes, through the Bio-Sand Filter, and into the
collection tank. The tank can also be placed on top of the dwelling,
with a single pipe flowing out of it, through the filter.
Rainwater in RCS may be used to drink or to
mix will runoff from the irrigation channels to
dilute any concentration contaminating
chemicals or pathogens.
Bio Sand FilterThe BSF is incredibly
easy to build: simply make a mold, insert a
PVC pipe as pictured, and pour cement.
Then insert a diffuser plate on top.
After the cement sets, insert a thin gravel layer,
a thin layer of coarse sand, and fill the filter
halfway waith very fine sand.
BSF: How it Works
Mechanical trapping: Suspended solids & pathogens are trapped in the physical spaces
between the sand grains.Predation: Pathogens are consumed by other
microorganisms in the sand layer.Adsorption: Pathogens become attached to
each other, furthering the process of mechanical trapping.
Natural Death: Pathogens die because there’s no nutrients or oxygen for them to survive on
in the sand.
First, the water hits the diffuser plate, and is spread evenly on the layer fine sand.
Second, the water flows slowly through the fine sand layer. Pathogens are killed via
four processes:
SLOVATTEN Per HouseholdIt uses sunlight to disinfect
water from disease-causing pathogens. It serves multiple functions: collection, heater,
disinfection and clean storage.
SOLVATTEN is a portable water
treatment device, developed by
Solvatten AB, a Swedish company.
Things we must NOT do to maintain non-contaminated water
Open defecation: We must have designated privies in which we bury our excrement—VERY far
away from any water system components. Otherwise, fecal coliform will contaminate our
groundwater and thus our runoff. Bad.
Deforestation: Large-scale deforesting will disrupt the delicate ecosystem of the Araguaia River
floodplains, causing us to lose our “wash load,” or fine sediments (clay & silt) that help us insulate our water conduits & prevent leakage into the
ground.
Rampant groundwater extraction/over construction of wells: Or else we will kill our fertile
soil and contaminate our groundwater.
Iodine and Chlorine Solutions
These solutions are an easy way to purify water in one’s bottle or
other small containers. People can carry these in their pockets and purchase them at stores or outposts.
For small-scale purification
Run of the River Hyroelectricity
is a type of hydroelectric generation whereby little or no water storage is
provided. The limited storage areas in these plants are referred to as pondage. a plant without pondage has no storage and is therefore subject to seasonal river
flows and serves as a peaking power plant while a plant with pondage can
regulate water flow and serve as a base load power plant.
Why This Works Here
Elevation of the Araras Mountains ranges from 80-150m (260 -490 ft) above sea level. Annual rainfall over the flood basin is between 1,000-
1,500 mm (39 and 59in), with most of the rainfall occurring between November and March.
The nearby rivers water levels rise between 2-5m seasonally and the flood waters tend to flow slowly- 2-10cm/s (0.79 -3.9in/s) due to low gradients & high resistance offered
by dense vegetation.
floodplain ecosystems such as these are defined by their seasonal inundation and desiccation. The shift between phases of
standing water and phases of dry soil, when the water table can be well below the root
region. Soils range from high levels of sand in higher areas to higher amounts of clay and silt
in riverine areas.
Mosquitoes & Malaria
A 3° C global temperature rise by 2100 could increase the number of
annual malaria cases by 50-80 million.
The largest changes will occur in areas adjacent to current risk areas, at both
higher altitudes and latitudes. A temperature increase can convert areas
that are malaria-free into areas that experience seasonal epidemics
The effects of warmer weather on malaria might be threefold:
-Higher metabolic rates shorten gestation periods boosting the numbers of
mosquitoes as generations hatch more frequently;
-Longer periods of warmth would allow the mosquitoes to be active for longer;
-The metabolic rate of malaria parasites might increase as well leading to higher
parasite numbers carried by the mosquitoes.
Bed nets treated with an appropriate insecticide (ITNs), or manufactured with a long-lasting wash-
resistant insecticide preparation (LLINs) have been highly effective in reducing malaria transmission.
Drastic Times, Drastic Measures
Population control will be necessary due to limited
resources.
According to an article entitled "Global Swarming" by Daniel Engber, each family
would have to cut back by one child in order to live in these changing climate
conditions. Thus we came to the conclusion that two children are an appropriate
amount to have to help farm the land as well as maintain survival rates.
We will be implementing a "two child policy."
Penalties for Excessive OffspringIf a family has more than two children there will be a high tax that will have to be paid
and the family will receive no extra land nor food for the extra children.
Each family will have to survive with the sixty acres of land provided to them along with the roots, vegetables, and food that they make. Likewise, we will enforce a mandatory education on the effects of greenhouse gases, pollution & other harmful environmental conditions to each
family and their offspring. Everyone will be tested on the subject matter once a year to ensure the
material is being taught.
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