classification and evolution

Classification and Classification and EvolutionEvolution

Taxonomy/ClassificationTaxonomy/Classification

• DomainDomain Very General Very General• Kingdom (Kids)Kingdom (Kids)• Phylum (Playing)Phylum (Playing)• Class (Catch)Class (Catch)• Order (On)Order (On)• Family (Freeways)Family (Freeways)• Genus (Get)Genus (Get)• Species (Squished)Species (Squished) Very SpecificVery Specific

Binomial nomenclatureBinomial nomenclature

• ““Scientific Name”Scientific Name”

• Latin (Dead language/never change)Latin (Dead language/never change)

• Universal Universal

• Based on Genus (1Based on Genus (1stst /capitalized) and /capitalized) and Species (2Species (2ndnd /small case) /small case)

• Ex: Ex: Homo sapiens Homo sapiens (italic or underlined)(italic or underlined)

• Common name can change with Common name can change with different locationsdifferent locations

• SpeciesSpecies: individuals : individuals of the same kind of the same kind that can interbreed that can interbreed and produce fertile and produce fertile offspring.offspring.

• SubspeciesSubspecies: : Geographically Geographically isolated populations isolated populations of the same species.of the same species.

HybridHybrid

• Product of 2 closely related species; Product of 2 closely related species; often sterileoften sterile.

WolphinWolphin LigerLiger

ZorseZorse

ZonyZony

VocabularyVocabulary

• Prokaryote: Primitive cells with no Prokaryote: Primitive cells with no membrane bound organelles.membrane bound organelles.

• Eukaryote: Complex cells membrane Eukaryote: Complex cells membrane bound organelle.bound organelle.

• Autotroph: An organism that Autotroph: An organism that manufactures its own organic matter by manufactures its own organic matter by using energy from the sun.using energy from the sun.

• Heterotroph: An organism that obtains Heterotroph: An organism that obtains energy from organic matter.energy from organic matter.

Kingdom MoneraKingdom Monera• Bacteria and blue green algaeBacteria and blue green algae

• Prokaryotic cell (no true nucleus)Prokaryotic cell (no true nucleus)

• Heterotrophic & AutotrophicHeterotrophic & Autotrophic– Decay bacteria: heterotrophicDecay bacteria: heterotrophic– Cyanobacteria: photosyntheticCyanobacteria: photosynthetic– Bacteria: chemosyntheticBacteria: chemosynthetic

CyanobacteriaCyanobacteria

Chemosynthetic BacteriaChemosynthetic Bacteria

Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista• Eukaryotic, single celledEukaryotic, single celled– Diatoms and dinoflagellates: Diatoms and dinoflagellates:

photosyntheticphotosynthetic– Protozoa: heterotrophicProtozoa: heterotrophic

Diatoms Dinoflagellates Protozoa

Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae

• Eukaryotic, multicellular, Eukaryotic, multicellular, photosyntheticphotosynthetic

• Flowering plants: marine grass & Flowering plants: marine grass & MangrovesMangroves

• Macroalgae: SeaweedsMacroalgae: Seaweeds

Sea LettuceSea LettuceEel GrassEel Grass

Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi

• Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, absorbs nutrients.absorbs nutrients.– Slime molds, mushroomsSlime molds, mushrooms

Marine Fungi

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

• Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, ingests food.ingests food.– Whales, dolphins and fishWhales, dolphins and fish

Homologous structuresHomologous structures

• Similar structures in different Similar structures in different organisms that develop in the same organisms that develop in the same way.way.– human arm vs. whale flipper vs. bat winghuman arm vs. whale flipper vs. bat wing

Analogous structuresAnalogous structures

• Structures in different organisms that Structures in different organisms that have similar functions but develop in have similar functions but develop in different ways.different ways.– Insect wing vs. bird wingInsect wing vs. bird wing

More VocabularyMore Vocabulary

• Natural SelectionNatural Selection: the best-adapted : the best-adapted individuals will produce more offspring individuals will produce more offspring and pass those favorable and pass those favorable characteristics on to those offspring.characteristics on to those offspring.

• EvolutionEvolution: Genetic change over time, : Genetic change over time, that results from natural selection.that results from natural selection.