classes of microorganisms

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Classes of Microorganism

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Pathogenic Aerobic

Non-pathogenic

Anaero

bic

Bacteria

Protozoa

Fungi

Rickettsiae

Viruses

Helminths

Remember Remember

What may be non-pathogenic in one What may be non-pathogenic in one body system could be pathogenic body system could be pathogenic in another in another

Example: E. coliExample: E. coli

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Classes of MicroorganismsClasses of Microorganisms

Non-pathogenicNon-pathogenic– normalnormal– do not produce diseasedo not produce disease– beneficial beneficial

PathogenicPathogenic– cause infection and diseasecause infection and disease

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Classes of MicroorganismsClasses of Microorganisms

AerobicAerobic– requires oxygen to liverequires oxygen to live

AnaerobicAnaerobic– does not require oxygen to livedoes not require oxygen to live

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

6 Classes of Microorganisms6 Classes of Microorganisms

–BacteriaBacteria ProtozoaProtozoa–FungiFungi RickettsiaeRickettsiae–VirusesViruses HelminthsHelminths

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

BacteriaBacteria

Often considered the causes of Often considered the causes of diseasedisease

Classified by shape and Classified by shape and arrangementarrangement

Treated with antibioticsTreated with antibiotics

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Certain BacteriaCertain Bacteria

– produce antibioticsproduce antibiotics– live in the body live in the body

without problemswithout problems– live on the roots of live on the roots of

certain plants, certain plants, converting nitrogen converting nitrogen into a usable form into a usable form

– help break down help break down dead organic matterdead organic matter

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BacteriaBacteria

Cocci

SpirillaBacilli

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

BacteriaBacteria

Cocci- Cocci- round in shaperound in shape

–diplococcidiplococci–streptococcistreptococci–staphylococcistaphylococci

Streptococci

Staphylococcal clusters

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BacteriaBacteria

BacilliBacilli rod shaperod shape

–singlesingle–pairspairs–chainschains

may have flagella -may have flagella -aids in movementaids in movement may form sporesmay form spores

–difficult to treat difficult to treat

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

BacteriaBacteria

SpirillaSpirilla spiral or corkscrew shapespiral or corkscrew shape

–vibrio - vibrio - spirochetespirochete

Treponema pallidumCholera

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BacteriaBacteria

Some develop resistance to antibioticsSome develop resistance to antibiotics Very difficult to cureVery difficult to cure

– Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)– Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA)Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA)

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ProtozoaProtozoa

– One celled, animal-like organismOne celled, animal-like organism– Contain a nucleus and other defined Contain a nucleus and other defined

organellesorganelles – Example: Malaria, amebic dysenteryExample: Malaria, amebic dysentery

Malaria invades RBC and causes them to Malaria invades RBC and causes them to rupturerupture

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FungiFungi

– enjoys a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic enjoys a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host relationship with their host

– provide numerous drugs and foods provide numerous drugs and foods – provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beerprovide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer– cause a number of plant and animal diseasescause a number of plant and animal diseases– fungal diseases are very difficult to treat fungal diseases are very difficult to treat

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Classes of MicroorganismsClasses of Microorganisms

FungiFungi

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RickettsiaeRickettsiae

– rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria – live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and

licelice– transmitted to humans through bitestransmitted to humans through bites– invade the new host from withininvade the new host from within

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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

VirusesViruses

–small infectious agentsmall infectious agent

–requires a host for survivalrequires a host for survival

– Seen with electron microscopeSeen with electron microscope–over 5,000 typesover 5,000 types

–can combine in multiple ways to can combine in multiple ways to produce a wide range of diseasesproduce a wide range of diseases

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VirusesViruses produce immune response in humansproduce immune response in humans treated with antiviral drugstreated with antiviral drugs Common cold, measles, mumps, Common cold, measles, mumps,

chicken pox, AIDSchicken pox, AIDS

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

HelminthsHelminths

– Parasitic worm-like organismsParasitic worm-like organisms– Live inside the hostLive inside the host– Feed off their hostFeed off their host– Disrupt nutrient absorptionDisrupt nutrient absorption

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HelminthsHelminths

Lead to weaknessLead to weakness Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other

diseasesdiseases Approximately 30 billion people globally are Approximately 30 billion people globally are

infectedinfected

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Classes of MicroorganismsClasses of Microorganisms

Any Questions?Any Questions?

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