class chondrichthyes cartilaginous fishes -...

Class Chondrichthyes

Cartilaginous fishesMarine Fishes

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://freshnmarine.com.sg/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/whaleshark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://freshnmarine.com.sg/blog/%3Fp%3D62&usg=__FIKnQlCtTWHUTGs6ZVjpJfRp28g=&h=324&w=470&sz=27&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=8n1jUycXtxAAKM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwhale%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://photokayak.fit2paddle.com/misc/great-white-shark-kayak.jpg&imgrefurl=http://photokayaker.fit2paddle.com/C380391053/E20070503053152/&usg=__axX0TMjHG8hkI-nAd2xmRg3p4pI=&h=335&w=500&sz=35&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=umHU2NZQV9XuPM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreat%2Bwhite%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ckircalli/FINDING%2520NEMO/Spotted-eagle-ray-XX.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ckircalli/FINDING%2520NEMO/spotted%2520eagle%2520ray.html&usg=__tYIT0TssZ5RA-peRrvNUbsAgJHc=&h=320&w=432&sz=33&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=XsS0Jiu1Tq2O-M:&tbnh=93&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deagle%2Bray%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.metridium.com/monterey/fish/ratfish.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.metridium.com/monterey/fish/fish.html&usg=__2VVHt1kPd5JAwIgWgPQY1mkU4mQ=&h=240&w=320&sz=31&hl=en&start=29&tbnid=tv3-J8TmDkODfM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dratfish%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Vertebrata

Cartilaginous fishes

Sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fiskeri.no/english/BaskingShark4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fiskeri.no/english/Basking%2520Shark.htm&usg=__plyzLVGNrqVeV8GoUmNpk9hy1aU=&h=406&w=400&sz=42&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=tiR2ztT5Ljs7KM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbasking%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/mega-mouth-shark-tm.jpg&imgrefurl=http://epedia.pbwiki.com/Megamouth-Shark&usg=__yKiixn1H3G87V1Ai5gaqJLQEQZ0=&h=275&w=280&sz=30&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=obzB3tN6BNe2zM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmegamouth%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Endoskeleton of cartilage

Ventral mouth w/ movable jaws

Well developed teeth

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/images/ChrisGotschalk_BaskingShark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/item.php%3Fnews%3D1247&usg=__1Lq87zZ51OpyBXRrLu_2G3lBSdI=&h=270&w=400&sz=10&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=0sP0C0njZ9IJ-M:&tbnh=84&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbasking%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bigmarinefish.com/tiger_shark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bigmarinefish.com/photos_sharks_pg1.html&usg=__VIfhjV91DJuzRRmNAKABNkmFOT0=&h=287&w=488&sz=34&hl=en&start=17&tbnid=ZtbSS6zEVohP0M:&tbnh=76&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtiger%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bryantsweb.com/wild/img/BullShark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.glocktalk.com/forums/showthread.php%3Ft%3D917150&usg=__CGEe5_XSMOZqwUHPX69LywX20qo=&h=407&w=600&sz=41&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=-Xk6OzOqpOBVCM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbull%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Paired lateral (pectoral fins)

Placoid scales (pointed backward tip)

Claspers (males)

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.blueworldtv.com/jpgs/thresher_shark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.blueworldtv.com/episodes.htm&usg=__aeWZJewLB_C3KDrEFM9FY9Tp10Y=&h=187&w=250&sz=25&hl=en&start=22&tbnid=JYPwpfidOrUWDM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthresher%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.paranormalknowledge.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/great-white-shark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.paranormalknowledge.com/articles/tag/swualus-carcharias&usg=__EMVWgdSYxqf4jGId0kIU2mGQC70=&h=296&w=400&sz=26&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=JSKw7SXsBEW1ZM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreat%2Bwhite%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/education/groupsfish/claspers.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/education/GroupsFish/FishGroups.htm&usg=__XHf90n2dWakI-D5d_Ra-N4llO5c=&h=171&w=250&sz=21&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=z-oanfGK-2jelM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dshark%2Bclaspers%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Sharks

gill slits instead of operculum

Rows of teeth in constant motion

Huge size variation

Size decrease due to overhunting

All regions/all depths

Some may even be freshwater/brackish

Slow growth

Slow reproductive cycle

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://luckyhook.net/files/2009/02/blue-shark-032.jpg&imgrefurl=http://luckyhook.net/2009/02/25/shark-fishing-tips/&usg=__z_aaWYmf7lM_D121JNAvCDXj8aQ=&h=399&w=600&sz=31&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=erZlOEpZ7VC5hM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblue%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://idoubtit.files.wordpress.com/2007/01/f_shrk.jpg&imgrefurl=http://idoubtit.wordpress.com/2007/01/27/frilled-shark/&usg=__ZM6klJK7kwOfV8whmjwUW9cXNKk=&h=338&w=450&sz=34&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=TOiL1srMPMgwOM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgoblin%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bountybay.org.uk/images/photoboard/Black%2520Tipped%2520Reef%2520Shark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://windyworld.livejournal.com/&usg=__AywskWoPDLm8vWIjudoQCa-vkEA=&h=1050&w=1514&sz=2263&hl=en&start=14&tbnid=KYMw_-wBst5GoM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblack%2Btip%2Breef%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mex/logs/sept29/media/nurse_shark_600.jpg&imgrefurl=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mex/logs/sept29/media/nurse_shark.html&usg=__bsg1E8GdbrskPROOS0Kq-gAXvXA=&h=450&w=600&sz=30&hl=en&start=10&tbnid=rjB3DA8W2O0PxM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnurse%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.animalport.com/img/Angel-Shark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.animalport.com/animals/Angel-Shark.html&usg=__pFfkzbTeO0eBPvomHVk7iS4Nboc=&h=223&w=328&sz=29&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=LLWSo5f9kGm4gM:&tbnh=80&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dangel%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverychannel.co.uk/sharks/detail/sixgill/asset/7904768020862204_shark_sawshark_top.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.discoverychannel.co.uk/sharks/detail/sixgill/index.shtml&usg=___RmfypQn4DBCiyuevmK2eqFJGz4=&h=133&w=387&sz=25&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=r9t5UEXi_JRu_M:&tbnh=42&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsawshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sharkdiving.us/images/hammerhead/01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sharkdiving.us/hammerheadshark.html&usg=__Cu1rFTQYfZy1i3xecfWJRYwYb58=&h=296&w=460&sz=22&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=WCCt7YR27dmdYM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhammerhead%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sharkmans-world.com/images/species/squaliolus_laticaudus.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sharkmans-world.com/class.html&usg=__vDmx6hBYSzH7_BArcipdzpWxWcw=&h=351&w=600&sz=36&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=FasC2fvSL2XCxM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dspined%2Bpygmy%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://seagrant.uaf.edu/nosb/papers/2006/images/sohi-fig3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://seagrant.uaf.edu/nosb/papers/2006/soldotna-shark.html&usg=__A2LtqX6ipzg9zECwglzQQm1HloM=&h=337&w=500&sz=11&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=6eCntGFp617FYM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsalmon%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.elasmodiver.com/Sharkive%2520images/Greenland%2520Shark%2520004.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.elasmodiver.com/Greenland%2520Shark.htm&usg=__d10arHFYh48LxC3O6jC2pcrzmv8=&h=400&w=600&sz=80&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=dQF-vhyh-U7vUM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreenland%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://jzone.queso.org/ngpod/pods/20061214.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.timeseye.net/2007/02/photograph-by-nick-caloyianis-diver.html&usg=__l1Ty0lW3zqLenuWGVtv2ouVP8Ds=&h=307&w=470&sz=41&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=hHHTB1vNPy4ylM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreenland%2Bshark%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://conservationreport.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/schooling-hammerhead-shark.jpg&imgrefurl=http://conservationreport.com/2008/07/15/shark-week-recommended-images-schooling-hammerhead-sharks/&usg=__SFhNtNShx2kc226AXYU_qDn2FPw=&h=1080&w=1620&sz=469&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=7BsJrCsUGAjXqM:&tbnh=100&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhammerhead%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Rays and Skates

Mostly benthic

Dorsoventrally flattened bodies

Gills slits underside of body

Pectoral fins expanded

Venom stinger at base of tail (rays)

Some electric

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://beachchairscientist.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/skate.jpg&imgrefurl=http://beachchairscientist.wordpress.com/2008/10/24/what-are-those-tiny-black-pods-with-tendrils-hanging-off-the-ends/&usg=__6FQ-OQc_hxg75FRK7RqoqZ6JwOs=&h=320&w=300&sz=61&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=k484fna5B9rbkM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmarine%2Bskate%2Banimal%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Ray and Skate Species

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.travelmyanmar.com/images/diving%2520Manta%2520Ray%2520b.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.travelmyanmar.com/myanmar%2520burma%2520diving%2520package%2520tour.html&usg=__yworz5_oq1ve_repUrXNhZL-uPU=&h=382&w=557&sz=63&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=1b_Kzf2OYKGDXM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmanta%2Bray%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.enjoyfrance.com/images/userimage/manta-ray-steve-irwin.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.enjoyfrance.com/content/view/563/31/&usg=__tuedKWiugJYYQPbmEg5A4TNVWEM=&h=600&w=800&sz=70&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=HbFTGC7TTqsv0M:&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmanta%2Bray%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://gallery.nen.gov.uk/gallery_images/0702/0000/0231/electric_ray_mid.jpg&imgrefurl=http://gallery.nen.gov.uk/image65766-segfl.html&usg=__eVUzXgqmzwctVwVHLtZjrXuRcU8=&h=480&w=640&sz=55&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=19A2HWiHCAiAQM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Delectric%2Bray%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fabrick.org/Paamul2006/Electric%2520Ray.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fabrick.org/Paamul2006/Paamul.htm&usg=__sncaP2DaxK-5JcDPojJufYbN7MI=&h=468&w=624&sz=147&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=NqfBFMNfLmYbiM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=136&prev=/images%3Fq%3Delectric%2Bray%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.atlanticanglers.com/fish/images/clearnose_skate2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.atlanticanglers.com/forum/fish-species-information/3560-clearnose-skate.html&usg=__i5_Wfz_c_z72x3RUVKSmsNm_gNs=&h=720&w=502&sz=113&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=dx6I5mJG1JBILM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=98&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmarine%2Bskate%2Banimal%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Rays and Skates

Skates oviparous

Rays ovoviviparous

Skates more rounded

Do not have whiplike tail/venom

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/chondrichthyes/images/chondrichthyes_200w/raja_straeleni_200w.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/chondrichthyes/elasmobranchii/batoidei/rajidae.htm&usg=__eaoo2FiEW-p4HJ_C3yR6snkAd9E=&h=143&w=200&sz=31&hl=en&start=14&tbnid=iOS3W8FN5SIa0M:&tbnh=74&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dspotted%2Bskate%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.loughdergdiving.com/large_pics/ray050808.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.loughdergdiving.com/imagesPage.htm&usg=__I-WSboP3ReAisOqFN-bbNz4Op0g=&h=300&w=400&sz=23&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=8lUJQ-9B55ryzM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dray%2Bskate%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/Sharks%26Rays/images/hornsharkeggs.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/Sharks%26Rays/reproduction.html&usg=__WiQ5h5cmoyk50X3aVq_dCXYwsI8=&h=231&w=395&sz=20&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=VnANXnKFRgRurM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dshark%2Beggs%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Ratfishes

One pair gill slits covered by skin

Mostly deepwater

Feed on mollusks/crustaceans

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wdfw.wa.gov/fish/bottomfish/graphics/ratfish.jpg&imgrefurl=http://wdfw.wa.gov/fish/bottomfish/ratfish.htm&usg=__myUWXsEUfttMBc287znz91FbJ1o=&h=338&w=450&sz=40&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=1gi9uzp8OMVoCM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dratfish%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/Spotted_Ratfish.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx%3Fenc%3DZ5SIVkZ%2Bn%2BXDwwU2Hg7ohA%3D%3D&usg=__Mm9QuJMLFOHW2R308iXlmuiUFYA=&h=260&w=520&sz=20&hl=en&start=40&tbnid=cBwUhifKurH44M:&tbnh=66&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dratfish%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mbari.org/expeditions/FijiLau/images/A_rat_fish.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mbari.org/expeditions/FijiLau/may27.htm&usg=__R70gpf2dR3O-FiaRa9d6i4b6Rd8=&h=420&w=573&sz=39&hl=en&start=65&tbnid=qMgcub87gQGLSM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dratfish%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D60

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.itsallaboutfish.co.uk/Pictures/Spotted_ratfish.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.itsallaboutfish.co.uk/ratfish.htm&usg=__Qu5Lac27v1W77qwU4bpSWLbqXs8=&h=311&w=432&sz=48&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=cPSQ8Lgc5cG82M:&tbnh=91&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dratfish%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

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