civilian humanitarian agencies

1UNCLASSIFIED

Civilian Civilian Humanitarian Humanitarian

AgenciesAgencies

Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian AssistanceCenter for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

MPAT TE-12MPAT TE-12

11 June 200711 June 2007

2UNCLASSIFIED

Objectives

Objectives:•Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses;

•Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response;

•Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and

•Introduction to donor agencies.

3UNCLASSIFIED

Objectives

Objectives:•Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses;

•Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response;

•Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and

•Introduction to donor agencies.

4UNCLASSIFIED

Cluster Approach – Why it was developed

Humanitarian Agencies’ & Mandates:

MigrationMigration

ChildrenChildren

Food aidFood aid

RefugeesRefugees

HealthHealth

5UNCLASSIFIED

Cluster Approach – Why it was developed

“Sectors” – examples:•Food aid;•Education;•Water, sanitation & hygiene;•Shelter;•Health;•Protection, etc.

6UNCLASSIFIED

Cluster Approach – Why it was developed

Humanitarian Agencies’ Mandates:

7UNCLASSIFIED

Cluster Approach – Why it was developed

Humanitarian Agencies’ Mandates:

8UNCLASSIFIED

Cluster Approach – Why it was developed

Former Emergency Relief Coordinator [ERC], Mr. Jan Egeland

9UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

10UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

11UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

12UNCLASSIFIED

Objectives

Objectives:•Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses;

•Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response;

•Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and

•Introduction to donor agencies.

13UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

14UNCLASSIFIED

FAO – Agriculture Sector

Food & Agricultural Organization of the United Nations:

•Founded in 1945.•Mandate: Achieve food security for all.•4 main areas of activity:

–Agricultural information source;–Sharing agricultural policy expertise;–Providing a common forum for nations;–Bringing agricultural practices knowledge to the field.

•Sector lead for agriculture.–Works with WFP in crises responses.

15UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

16UNCLASSIFIED

UNICEF –Education, Nutrition, WASH, Protection

(Disasters) & Telecommunications (Data Services) Clusters

United Nations Children’s Fund•Presence in over 140 countries.•Convention on the Rights of the Child.•Cluster Lead for:

–Education;–Nutrition;–Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Promotion [“WASH”];

•Cluster Co-Lead for:–Telecommunication (Data Services);–Protection (Disasters).

17UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

18UNCLASSIFIED

WFP –Food Aid Sector;

Telecommunications (Security) & Logistics Clusters

World Food Programme•Established 1963.•Tasked with providing food aid and support development through food.

•In 2005, WFP food aid reached 96.7 million people in 82 countries.

•Operates in 82 countries:–100 relief operations in 73 countries;–27 development projects & 35 country programmes in 49 countries.

•Sector lead for Food Aid; •Cluster lead for Telecommunications (Security) & Logistics.

19UNCLASSIFIED

WFP –Food Aid, Telecommunications

Security & Logistics

WFP [cont.]:•Operates:

–UNHAS – UN Humanitarian Air Service;

–UNJLC – UN Joint Logistics Center:Mandated to logistics information management support and services;

–OTS – Ocean Transport Service.

20UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

21UNCLASSIFIED

UNHCR –Refugees sector, Protection

cluster

United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees:

•Mandated by the UN to protect refugees.•Protecting 20.8 million people.•Focus – Prevention of refoulement•263 offices in 116 countries•Staff of 6,689; budget of US$ 1.35 billion•Refugee sector lead•In disasters, Cluster Co-Lead for Protection;

–In conflict situations, Cluster Lead for Emergency Shelter, Camp Coordination and Protection.

22UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM – Early Recovery – UNDP

•Protection – Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

23UNCLASSIFIED

IFRC –Emergency Shelter Cluster

Lead (Disasters)

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

•Founded in 1919•Consists of 185 national societies, a Secretariat and 60+ delegations worldwide

•Works with & assists national societies with:

•Cluster Lead for Emergency Shelters in disasters.

-Promoting humanitarian principles & values

-Disaster preparedness

-Disaster response -Health & care in the community

24UNCLASSIFIED

National RC/RC Societies:Palang Merah Indonesia

Palang Merah Indonesia•185 National Red Cross or Red Crescent societies

•1 national society in a country – either Red Cross or Red Crescent

•Auxiliaries to public authorities in their country

-Membership open to all without discrimination

-Work throughout the country

-Promoting humanitarian principles & values

-Health & care in the community

-Disaster response -Disaster preparedness

25UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM – Early Recovery – UNDP

•Protection – Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

26UNCLASSIFIED

WHO –Health Cluster

World Health Organization•Established 1948•“Specialized Agency” under Art. 57 of the UN Charter

•Mission: Attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health

•Operations:–Health emergency relief kits–Providing medical supplies/assessments–Capacity building / training of health workers

•Lead Agency for the Health Cluster.

27UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

28UNCLASSIFIED

IOM –Camp Coordination Cluster Lead

(Disasters)

International Organization for Migration •International organization with 120 member states.

•Leading international agency dealing with migration issues.

•Works with governments & civil society to:–Advance understanding of migration issues;–Encourage social and economic development through migration;

–Uphold human dignity and well-being of migrants.

•Cluster Lead for Camp Coordination & Management in disasters.

29UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED

UNDP –Early Recovery & Protection

(Disasters) Clusters

United Nations Development Programme•UN program working with 166 countries to find solutions to developmental challenges.•Focus on the UN Millennium Development Goals:

–Democratic governance;–Poverty Reduction;–Crisis prevention & recovery;–Energy & environment;–HIV/AIDS.

•Resident Representative:– Resident Coordinator [RC];–Humanitarian Coordinator [RC/HC];–Designated Official [DO].

•Early Recovery Cluster Lead Agency•Co-Lead for Protection (Disasters).

31UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

32UNCLASSIFIED

OHCHR –Protection Cluster (Disasters)

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

•Established in 1994•Mandated to promote and protect rights of all people in the UN Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights & other laws and treaties.

•Operations–Advocacy–Monitoring–Reporting of violations–Coordinate Human Rights into UN programmes

•Protection Cluster (Disasters) Co-Lead Agency.

33UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional sector leads:

•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters - IFRC

•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disaster – IOM

•Early Recovery – UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

34UNCLASSIFIED

OCHA –Telecomms (Owner) Cluster &

Coordination

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs• Created in 1998 out of UNDHA.• Tasked with coordination of humanitarian affairs in support of the

Sec.-Gen. by:– Developing common strategies;– Assessing needs and situations;– Convening coordination meetings;– Mobilizing resources;– Addressing common problems;– Administering Coordination tools & mechanisms.

• Led by Emergency Relief Coordinator, Sir John Holmes.• Operates:

– Humanitarian Information Centres – HIC– ReliefWeb– Virtual OSOCC

•Co-Lead for Telecommunications (Owner) Cluster•Mandated to coordinate humanitarian responses.

35UNCLASSIFIED

Traditional leads:•Agriculture – FAO•Education – UNICEF

•Food – WFP•Refugees – UNHCR

Technical Issues:•Emergency Shelter:

– Conflict – UNHCR IFRC

– Disasters - IFRC•Health – WHO•Nutrition – UNICEF•WASH – UNICEF

Cross-cutting issues:•Camp Coordination & Management:

– Conflict – UNHCR– Disasters – IOM Early Recovery

– UNDP•Protection

– Conflict IDPs – UNHCR– Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP

Common Services:•Emergency Telecommunications:

– OCHA – owner– UNICEF – data services– WFP - security

•Logistics – WFP

Sector & Cluster Leads

Overall coordination Overall coordination - OCHA- OCHA

36UNCLASSIFIED

Objectives

Objectives:•Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses;

•Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response;

•Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and

•Introduction to donor agencies.

37UNCLASSIFIED

Non-Governmental Organizations –

NGOs

Non-Governmental Organizations:•Not an agency of a government or UN•Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters –Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission

•Funded by grants or private donations•National or international•Essential to humanitarian operations

–Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors–First responders to arrive, last to leave –Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects

38UNCLASSIFIED

Non-Governmental Organizations – NGOs

•Operate under core values:

•Need “humanitarian space” to operate – Freedom to independently:–Assess needs of beneficiaries–Operate and monitor programs–Maintain dialog with beneficiaries

-Humanity -Impartiality

-Neutrality -Independence

39UNCLASSIFIED

Objectives

Objectives:•Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses;

•Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response;

•Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and

•Introduction to donor agencies.

40UNCLASSIFIED

Donors

Major Donors:•AusAID – Australian Council for International Aid

•CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency

•DfID – UK Dept. for International Development

•ECHO – European Community Humanitarian Office

•JICA – Japanese International Cooperation Agency

•USAID – United States Agency for International Development

•Private donations

41UNCLASSIFIED

Objectives

Objectives:•Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises;

•Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response;

•Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and

•Introduction to donor agencies.

42UNCLASSIFIED

Civilian Humanitarian Agencies

Discussion

www.coe-dmha.org