“civil war notes” sections 8.2, 10.1-10.5 11/16/15 98

“Civil War Notes”Sections 8.2, 10.1-10.5

11/16/1598

Slavery or

States’ rights?Read

Texas made the most emphatic statement of why it seceded from the Union:

“We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for

themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were

rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their

existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable.”

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Mississippi’s official Declaration of Causes explains why Mississippi seceded from the United States:

“Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery — the greatest material interest of the world. Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth. These products are peculiar to the climate verging on the tropical regions, and by an imperious law of nature, none but the black race can bear exposure to the tropical sun. These products have become necessities of the world, and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization. That blow has been long aimed at the institution, and was at the point of reaching its consummation. There was no choice left us but submission to the mandates of abolition, or a dissolution of the Union, whose principles had been subverted to work out our ruin. . . .

It advocates negro equality, socially and politically, and promotes insurrection and incendiarism in our midst. . . .

Utter subjugation awaits us in the Union, if we should consent longer to remain in it. It is not a matter of choice, but of necessity. We must either submit to degradation, and to the loss of property worth four billions of money, or we must secede from the Union framed by our fathers, to secure this as well as every other species of property. For far less cause than this, our fathers separated from the Crown of England.”

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•Large profits from cotton•Better generals•Defending homeland•Strong military tradition

•More people•More factories•More railroads•Greater food production

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President Jefferson Davis

Confederate States of America

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General Robert E. Lee

Confederate States of America

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PresidentAbraham LincolnUnited States of

America

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AndersonCSA victory

First battle of the Civil War

McDowell JacksonCSA victory

Inexperienced troops on both sides; Stonewall Jackson earns nickname

GrantUnion victory

Union’s strategy to take control of MS might work; showed war would be deadly

McClellan Lee Union victory

Bloodiest single-day battle in US history; CSA lost 25% of its soldiers

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3 Reasons Britain Remained Neutral During the Civil War

1. No longer depended on King Cotton (Egypt & India)2. Had large stockpiles of cotton3. Now imported Northern wheat

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Lincoln’s Anaconda Plan

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The first few battles…

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Victories went back and forth. Each side won some and lost some.

The Battle of Antietam

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fTTJPnlMOM

September 17, 1862

Combined tally of dead, wounded, and missing at 22,717

That is in one day! McClellan Lee

[Copy into your notebook. WATCH THE CLIP TOO!]

Dead Confederates

These people died for states’ rights.

“Bloody Lane”

More Southern Gentlemen that died for states’ rights

(to be racist slavers)

“Bloody Lane”2013

1862

2013

Lincoln and McClellan at the site, Oct. 1862

Lincoln visiting the Union troops at Antietam (1862).

Lincoln’s Motives for Emancipation Proclamation

1. Punish CSA after Battle of Antietam2. Couldn’t end slavery in states, but could free slaves

that helped CSA’s military3. Used power as Commander-in-Chief to free slaves

behind enemy lines4. Helped keep England neutral5. Made war a moral cause

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Reactions to Emancipation Proclamation1. War became a moral crusade to end slaver2. Northern Dems feared it would anger CSA &

prolong war3. CSA angered; fought harder4. Freed African Americans could join the Union army5. Union soldiers & poor whites feared freed African

Americans would lower job availability6. Made war a fight to the finish

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Problems in the North

Lincoln suspended habeas corpus in MD

(1861)

Not enough soldiers; forced to use

conscription; draft riots in New York

(1863)

Problems in the South

Davis suspended habeas corpus in CSA

(1862)

Not enough soldiers; forced to use conscription

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Battle of Gettysburg (Turning Point Battle)• Next battle after CSA victory at Chancellorsville (VA)• PA, July 1-3, 1863• CSA troops lead by Gen. Robert E. Lee• USA troops lead by Gen. George Mead• CSA begins invasion of USA• CSA troops looking for shoes run into USA troops in area; fighting

attracts more soldiers

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DAY

1, JU

LY 1

st • USA takes positions on Cemetery Ridge

• CSA takes town

• CSA leads assault on USA

DAY

2, JU

LY 2

nd • CSA charges up hill

• USA repels attack

• USA charges CSA

DAY

3 JU

LY 3

rd • Pickett’s charge fails

• Jeb Stewart’s attack on USA fails

• Meade doesn’t counter

• CSA retreats

[Read]

Outcomes of the Battle of Gettysburg

USA• 23,000 killed/wounded• Morale improves• USA successfully defeats invasion • USA has to fight until CSA can no

longer fight

CSA• 28,000 killed/wounded• Morale decreases• Lee never has enough soldiers to

invade USA again• CSA has to defeat USA in order to win

war

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July 1-3, 1863Battle of Gettysburg

July 4, 1863USA (led by Gen. Grant)

wins Battle of Vicksburg (MS)

Nov. 19, 1863Lincoln gives Gettysburg

Address[Copy into your notebook.]

Lincoln appoints Grant

Grant appoints Sherman (MS)

Total War & March to the

Sea

Atlanta captured & Lincoln wins

reelection

1864

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CSA Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865• CSA could no longer fight• Lee surrenders to Grant• Soldiers sent home with personal possessions, horses, & food• Officers allowed to keep side arms• All fighting stops by June

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Effects of the Civil War1. Slavery abolished2. Federal government assumes supreme national authority3. Both sides lose thousands of young men4. Northern economy booms5. Southern economy is devastated6. Union reunited7. Lincoln assassinated; many questions remained unanswered…

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