civil society and the new governance lester m. salamon un dpi/ngo conference september 6, 2006
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The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE NEW GOVERNANCENEW GOVERNANCE
Lester M. SalamonLester M. Salamon
UN DPI/NGO CONFERENCEUN DPI/NGO CONFERENCESeptember 6, 2006September 6, 2006
The New GovernanceThe New Governance
A revolution in the technology of public action
Proliferation of new tools
Lester M. Salamon, The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Direct government
• Grants• Direct loans• Loan guarantees• Economic regulation• Social regulation• Insurance
• Corrective fees
• Contracts
The New The New GovernanceGovernance
ILLUSTRATIVE TOOLSILLUSTRATIVE TOOLS
Lester M. Salamon, The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Common Feature: Use of “Third Parties”
• “Deconstruction” of Public Action
• Sharing of Discretionary Authority
The New The New GovernanceGovernance
RISE OF THIRD-PARTY GOVERNMENTRISE OF THIRD-PARTY GOVERNMENT
Lester M. Salamon, The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
DELIVERYPublic Private
FINANCE
Public
Private
(1) National
(2) State/local
(1) Nonprofit
(2) For-profitB
CA
D
The New The New GovernanceGovernance
PATTERNS OF PUBLIC PROBLEM-SOLVINGPATTERNS OF PUBLIC PROBLEM-SOLVING
Lester M. Salamon, The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Challenges for Civil Challenges for Civil Society:Society:
C
C
C
onsciousnessonscientiousnessompetence
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
C
N
P
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Project CountriesProject Countries
Venezuela Colombia
Brazil Chile
Mexico
Argentina
Slovakia
Hungary
Romania
Poland
Japan
United States
Australia
Israel
Ireland
TheNetherla
nds Austria
Spain
Germany
Finland
Belgium
France
Norway
Italy
United Kingdom
Russia
New Zealand
Canada
Denmark
Egypt
KenyaTanzaniaUgandaSout
h Africa
India
Pakistan
The Philippin
es
Korea
Thailand
Portugal Moroc
coGhana
Peru
Lebanon
Switzerland
Sweden
Czech Republic
Denmark
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Global Civil Society, Volume Global Civil Society, Volume TwoTwo
Order Information: Kumarian Press, http://www.kpbooks.com/
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Civil Society Organization Civil Society Organization Workforce in context, 40 Workforce in context, 40
countriescountries
110.4
46.5
41.3
6.2
48.4
Manufacturing
construction
transportation
Utilities
Civil Society Orgs.*
Number of employees (millions)* Including volunteers
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Employment in Civil Society Employment in Civil Society Organizations vs. Largest firmsOrganizations vs. Largest firms
Civil Society Organizations
48 million
Largest Private Companies
4 million
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
If the civil society sector were a If the civil society sector were a country...country...
Country GDP (trillion $)United States $11.7Japan 4.6Germany 2.7
China 1.7
United Kingdom 2.1
France 1.9
Italy 1.2
Civil Society Land Expenditures (40 Countries)
1.9*
Canada 1.0Spain 1.0Brazil 0.6Russia 0.6
* In 2004 U.S. Dollars Source of GDP Figures: World Bank
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
1.82.3
2.83.2
2.82.9
2.63.8
2.43.5
4.43.8
1.72.7
3.76.6
4.86.3
8.3
8.49.2
2.9
1.61.5
1.11.0
1.51.9
2.21.1
2.82.3
1.92.7
5.14.4
3.71.4
3.63.5
2.1
2.75.1
1.7
3.4%3.8%
4.0%4.2%4.3%
4.8%4.9%4.9%
5.3%5.9%
6.3%6.6%
7.1%7.2%
7.6%8.0%
8.5%9.8%
10.4%10.9%11.1%
14.4%4.6%
8.6 2.3
South AfricaItaly
PortugalJapanSpain
ArgentinaChile
AustriaFinland
GermanyAustraliaDenmarkSwedenNorwayFrance
IsraelUnited Kingdom
United StatesIreland
BelgiumCanada
Netherlands40 countries
Paid staff
Volunteers
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector ProjectCSO workforce as a share of the CSO workforce as a share of the
economically active population, by economically active population, by countrycountry
CSO workforce as a share of the CSO workforce as a share of the economically active population, by economically active population, by
countrycountry
0.4%
0.8%
0.8%
0.8%
1.0%
1.1%
1.4%
1.5%
1.6%
1.9%
2.0%
2.1%
2.1%
2.3%
2.4%
2.4%
2.5%
2.8%
4.6%
Mexico
Romania
Poland
Slovakia
Pakistan
Hungary
India
Morocco
Brazil
Philippines
Czech Republic
Tanzania
Kenya
Uganda
Colombia
Korea, Rep. of
Peru
Egypt
40 countries
Paid staff
Volunteers
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
U.N. NPI U.N. NPI HANDBOOK HANDBOOK COMMITTED COMMITTED IMPLEMENTERSIMPLEMENTERS
Africa and Middle East
Cameroon Ghana
Mali Kenya
Morocco South Africa
Uganda Zimbabwe
Other
Israel
AsiaKyrgyzstan India
Philippines
Latin AmericaArgentina Brazil Peru
North America
Canada United States
Central Europe
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Europe
Belgium Italy France
Developing and Transitional CountriesDeveloped Countries
AsiaAustralia Japan Korea New Zealand
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Value Added as % of GDP, NPIs vs. Selected Industries, Canada,
2000
5.1%
6.1%
7.9%
2.3%
1.5%
1.4%
% of
GDP
Retail Trade
Mining, oil & gas
extractions
Nonprofit sector
Accommodations & food services
Agriculture Motor Vehicle
Manufacturing
Volunteers
NPIs
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Contribution to GDP, Contribution to GDP, Volunteers vs. Selected Volunteers vs. Selected
Industries, CanadaIndustries, Canada
5
10
15
B
illi
ons
of C
anad
ian
$
$14.1 billion
Volunteers
$6.1 billion
Motor Vehicle Mfg.
$12.8 billion
Agriculture
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Value Added as % of GDP, NPIs* vs. Selected Industries, Belgium, 2003
1.6%
4.8%5.0 %
2.4%
1.1%
% of GDP
Hotels & Restaurants
Construction NPIs Utilities Agriculture & Fishing
* Without Volunteers
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
NPI Share of Belgian Value Added, Selected Fields
HEALTH 42.7%
SOCIAL SERVICES 66.6%
CULTURE & RECREATION 26%
Percent of Total Value
10% 50% 80%
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Average Annual Change in GDP and GDP Contribution of NPIs
1.3%
4.7%4.3% 4.3%
3.3%
4.2%
Belgium
(2000-2003)
Canada
(1997-2001)
USA
(1996-2004)
1%
5%
GDP
NPI
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Philanthropy as share of GDP, Philanthropy as share of GDP, selected countries, 1995-selected countries, 1995-
20042004
0.80%
1.83%1.82%
1.73%
1.93%1.79%
1.73%1.69%
1.56%
1.47%
1.33%
0.92%
0.83%
0.83%0.83%
0.39%0.36%0.37%0.39%
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
2.50%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Pe
rce
nt
of
GD
P
US
Canada
Belgium
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
How Can Better Data on How Can Better Data on Civil Society Help?Civil Society Help?
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Visibility/Legitimacy
Spot trends/problems
Improve policy-making
Increase transparency/accountability Improve economic statistics
Chart NPO contribution to MDGs
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
WWW.JHU.EDU/CCSS
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