circulatory system. purpose: transportation- move substances to and from cells linking cells with...
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Purpose:transportation- move substances
to and from cells linking cells with the outside
environment Substances include: O2, CO2, H2O,
nutrients (glucose), vitamins, hormones, and cell wastes
Types of Circulatory System
Open Circulatory System-blood not enclosed in vessels, it flows directly into body tissues where it bathes tissues Example- grasshopper- blood is kept
moving by breathing and movement of animal
Note: blood is clear, No hemoglobin, it does not carry O2 or CO2 only nutrients and cellular wastes
Types of Circulatory System
Closed Circulatory System- blood always contained in tubes or vesselsExample –Earthworm or HumanNote- Main difference between
closed and open system is blood in closed system is under pressure, blood moves faster as a result
Blood Vessels
Function–carry blood to and from the cells in the body
3 types of blood vessels Arteries- take blood away from the heart to body
Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small arteries are called arterioles)
Thick , elastic walls Blood under the most pressure Contain O2-rich blood
Blood Vessels Veins- Return blood back to the heart
from the body Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth
muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small veins are called venules)
Thin, only slightly elastic One-way valves help blood to flow in one
direction Muscles of the body help to squeeze the
veins and move blood back to heart Contain O2- poor blood (CO2)
Blood VesselsCapillaries- tiny vessels that
connect arteries and veinsSingle cell thick- very thin so
materials can easily pass through to body cells (exchange gases and nutrients for wastes)
Narrow, thin vessels allow red cells to pass in a single file
HEART Location- left center of chest between
lungs Function- muscular pump to push blood
through blood vessels Made of- Cardiac Muscle tissue
Never gets tired Muscle fibers are intertwined Muscle fibers contract and relax
together as one unit
HEART Heartbeat- lub-dub sound of closing
valves (AV-valves then semi-lunar valves) Cycle of heartbeat
Contraction of heart= Systole (Squeeze) Relaxation of heart = Diastole (Dilate)
Pulse= heart rate found in your arteries
(artery expands (heart contracts) and relaxes (heart relaxes)
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HEARTHeart Chambers Atria- upper chambers (right & left)
Receive blood from body or lungs Thin walls
Ventricles- lower chambers (right & left) Push blood away to the body or lungs Thick walls
Septum – wall in middle of heart that separates the O2 rich side (left) from the O2 poor side (right)
Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart:
1. Left atria (bicuspid valve)
2. Left ventricle (semi-lunar valve)
3. Aorta (main artery)
4. Body (upper and lower)
5. Vena Cava Vein ( Superior[from above heart]& inferior [from below heart)
Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart:
6. Right Atria (tricuspid valve)
7. Right Ventricle (semi-lunar valve)
8. Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs)
9. Lungs (exchange CO2 for O2)
10. Pulmonary Veins (to heart)
11. Left Atria (back at the beginning)
BLOOD PRESSURE Unit- millimeters of Mercury (Hg) Normal Adult Blood Pressure (BP) = 120/80
120mmHg Systole/ 80mmHg Diastole
Measurement Device- Sphygmomanometer (Blood Pressure Cuff)
Disorder- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Diagnosis- Blood Pressure number greater than
140mm Systole or 90mm Diastole Treatment- exercise, weight loss and medication
Disorders of Circulatory System
Atherosclerosis- (hardening of the arteries) excess cholesterol and fat deposits on inner walls of arteries restricting blood flow and increasing blood pressure
Treatment- Cholesterol medication (Lipitor) and diet restriction of fat and cholesterol
Disorders of the circulatory system
Heart attack (myocardial infarction) - Blood flow in the coronary artery becomes severely restricted or completely restricted and results in heart muscle death
Treatment: Angioplasty (balloon to open the artery’s blood
flow) Stent- artificial brace to keep the artery open (like a
Chinese finger puzzle) Bypass surgery- connect a new blood vessel
around the blockage (artery from patient’s leg) Healthy Diet & exercise, lower stress, quit smoking
Disorders of the circulatory system
Stroke- Blood flow to the brain is blocked (clot) resulting in loss of consciousness, numbness and possible brain damage
Treatment- removal of clot, medication to stop clotting
Disorders of the circulatory system
Heart Murmur- abnormal rhythm of the heartbeat caused by leaky valves in the heart
Treatment- replace the leaky valves
Arrhythmia - Heart beat rhythm not regular or rapid (bradycardia, tachycardia)
Treatment- pacemaker placed on heart
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