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Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 1
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory forPerformance-based Optimization of Flexible
Pavements, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
4PBT-WORKSHOP
Results from 4-Point-Bending Beam Calibration
Markus Spiegl
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 2
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
OUTLINE – TEST EQUIPMENT (1/2)
•servo hydraulic test equipment, with a software for test controlling
•software “DionPro” with tools for programming a test procedure
•software for data analysis(fatigue and stiffness)
• load cell(accuracy class 0.5)
•temperature chamber(-25 to +60 °C)
•frequencies: 0.1 to 40 Hz•max amplitude of 0.5 mm
at 10 Hz
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 3
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
OUTLINE – TEST EQUIPMENT (2/2)
•stress and strain controlled tests possible
•specimen dimensions:surface layers: 50*50*450 mmbase layers: 60*60*500 mm
•2 LVDT’s (± 1.0 mm,accuracy class 1.0)
•specimen preparation with asegment roller compactor
•cut on all sides•clamps are clued with
a two-component adhesive
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 4
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
CHECK OF THE TEST EQUIPMENT
Institute for Mechanics and Mechatronics – TU ViennaResearch areas:
• machine dynamics• measurement and actuators• measurement of vibrations• mechatronical systems
Verification of test equipment using acceleration sensors and a stroboscope:
• frequencies (0.1 to 40 Hz) variation of 0.05 Hz• resonance frequency of the system 24.5 Hz• moving parts• translation and frequency (response)• asphalt beam
http://www.mdmt.tuwien.ac.at
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 5
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
CALIBRATION
•strain controlled test•three different calibration beams•twice per year - whole system with all 3 beams•twice per year - 2 LVDTs with micrometer screw•10 different frequencies at one temperature•sine regression for obtaining dynamic data (amplitude, phase
angle,…)•stiffness is calculated with the formulas after EN 12697-26
(mistake!!!)
beam 1 beam 2 beam 3
temperature [°C]
+ 20
frequencies [Hz] 0,1 –1 – 2 – 5 – 8 – 10 – 15 – 20 – 30 – 40 – 0.1
strain amplitude 50 m/m
… mass factor [kg] not in [g]
… circular frequency [rad/s] and not test frequency in [Hz]
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 6
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
CALIBRATION BEAMS
Aluminum 501 Aluminum 502 Delron 503
stiffness ≈ 71 000 MPa ≈ 71 000 MPa ≈ 4 000 MPa
mass 1.046 kg 1.069 kg 1.747 kg
system mass
19.107 kg
prismatic beam with one bar
prismatic beam with two bars
beam with a square cross section
dimensions[mm]
L = 450Leff = 400a = 130w = 10h = 50
L = 450Leff = 400a = 130
w = 2 x 5h = 50
L = 450Leff = 400a = 130b = 50h = 50
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 7
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
DOKUMENTATION
•test report•date•operator•code of beam•E*, E1, E2 and phase angle•diagram
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
0.1 1 10 100frequency [Hz]
E*, E
1, E
2[M
Pa]
0
10
20
30
40
phas
e an
gle
[°]
E*E1E2PHI
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 8
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
CALIBRATION RESULTS – BEAM 501
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]
E* [M
Pa]
-0.30
-0.20
-0.10
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40
frequency [Hz]
phas
e an
gle
[°]
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]
s of
E* [M
Pa]
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]
s of
pha
se a
ngle
[°]
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 9
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
CALIBRATION RESULTS – BEAM 502
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]
E* [M
Pa]
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]
s of
E* [M
Pa]
-0.30
-0.20
-0.10
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40
frequency [Hz]
phas
e an
gle
[°]
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]
s of
pha
se a
ngle
[°]
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 10
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
CALIBRATION RESULTS – BEAM 503
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]
E* [M
Pa]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]
s of
E* [M
Pa]
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40
frequency [Hz]
phas
e an
gle
[°]
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]
s of
pha
se a
ngle
[°]
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 11
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
• good function of test equipment check through verification tests by the Institute for Mechanics and Mechatronics
• rotation and translation (movies)
• stiffness values corresponding to producer specification
• good repeatability
• E* standard deviation less than 0.5 %
• test equipment fulfills the requirements of the EN 12697-26
CONCLUSIONS
Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 12
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology
Thank youfor your
attention !
mspiegl@istu.tuwien.ac.at
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