china’s policy on combating transnational wildlife crime
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China’s Combating on
Transnational Wildlife Crime (TWC)
Jiang Nan
Nanjing Forest Police College
Introduction: TWC threats national security
TWC in China: Brief analysis of China’s TWC
China’s Response: What has China Done?
Outlook: What is China next step to TWC?
Introduction: TWC Threats National
Security
What is Transnational Wildlife Crime (TWC)?
-- a type of transnational environmental crime
-- a type of transnational organised crime
-- a type of severe and growing crime
--- a result of traditional cultural phenomenon
--- a result of globalization
TWC in China: Brief analysis of China’s
TWC
The earliest official record of TWC was in 1989.
The first peak (1990-2000) was illegal poaching of Tibet
Antelope in Northwest China.
TWC networks
China’s Response: What has China
Done?
China signed the Convention on International Trade of
Wildlife Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1981.
China Established its law system and law enforcement
system.
China perfected its law enforcement system on
combating TWC.
• Forest Police
– 70,000 forest policemen
• Customs Police
– 10,000 Customs policemen
• Border Police
• CITES Management Authority
China had implemented a serious of special operation on
combating TWC.
Operation Code Date
Hoh Xil No.1 1999.4.11-5.1
Southern No.2 2000.1.15-29
Tian Bao 2000.12.26--2001.2.25
Falcon 2001.11.21-12.1
Poan Gongjian 2002.3.1--4.30
Migrant Bird No.1 2002.12.16-25
Spirng Thunder 2003.4.10-4.19
Plateau Operation No.2 2004.4.25-5.20
Green Shield 2006.11.1-12.31
Flying Eagle 2008.3.20-5.31
Combat Illegal Online wildlift Trade 2012.4.9-4.18
Combat Wildlife Crime 2012.11.27-12.31
Combat Wildlife Crime 2013.8-12
Sky Net 2013.4.1-4.30
China had investigated a great amount of TWCs.
In past decade, Customs had investigated 930 wildlife
smuggling cases and arrested 1,395 offenders.
In past 3 decades, Forest Police invested 4,340,000 forest
crimes and confiscated 72,860,000 wild animals.
China Leads Int’l Wildlife Crime Bust.
Cobra Operation and Cobra II Operation.
Outlook:
What is China next step to TWC?
Combating TWC will be securitized.
China’s Comprehensive National Security Concept
On April 15, Xi said China will build a national
security system that covers the spheres of politics,
territory, military, economy, culture, society, science
and technology, information, ecology, nuclear, and
natural resources.
January 6, China destroyed 6.1 tons of confiscated ivory.
China would further Enhance International Cooperation
on combating TWC.
"Multinational operations are of great significance in the
fight against wildlife crime rings.“
-----John Scanlon,
secretary-general of CITES.
On May 10, Li Keqiang pointed out that China destroyed 6.1
tons of confiscated ivory in public early this year, and the next
step is to continuously strengthen the cooperation with Kenya
and other countries in ecological and wildlife conservation, and
to widely spread to the international community the concept
that protecting wildlife is protecting our common homeland, and
protecting biodiversity is protecting the richness and
colourfulness of the earth.
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