china after the fall of the han in 220 ce, kingdoms were at war with on another armies carry...

China

• After the fall of the Han in 220 CE, kingdoms were at war with on another

• Armies carry infectious diseases

• As the Chinese attack barbarian peoples, they are infected with a pox called Barbarian pox

China Reunification

• From 220 – 589, China was disunited

• The Sui (581-618) reunified China and was highly influenced by Buddhism

• The Sui made a new capital at Chang’an

• They built the 1100 mile Grand Canal enhancing trade

Tang Dynasty

• Due to the Sui’s rapid growth; overextension led to the transition to the Tang (618-907)

• The Tang maintained the eastern boundaries of the Sui, but expanded westward

• They avoided over centralization by allowing local nobles, gentry, and religion to exercise power

Tang Dynasty

• Buddhism was favored by Tang rulers

• The religion prescribed a spiritual function for kings to bring humankind into the Buddhist realm

• Protecting spirits would aid the ruler in governing and protect the people under him

Tang Dynasty

• As the Tang expanded westward, it collected new ideas

• The Tang was considered cosmopolitan because it integrated religions, foods, sports, languages, and styles from all parts of Asia

Tang Dynasty

• The capital Chang’an served as the hub of communication

• The tributary system was a practice in which independent countries acknowledged the supremacy of the emperor by sending embassies to pay tribute

Tang Dynasty

• Roads, caravans, sea routes, and canals brought goods to Chang’an

• The Grand Canal was important since it had an enormous political and economic impact on Chinese development

Tang Dynasty

• The Tang were excellent shipbuilders

• They were large and moved grain along the canal

• Even though trade routes were beneficial, there were some negative effects: the bubonic plague

Tang Dynasty

• Central Asia’s influence on China was:

• The popularity of pants• Cotton replaced hemp

as the most popular textile

• The game of polo – in which women were allowed to participate

Tang Dynasty• Under the Tang,

China’s monopoly on silk disappeared

• Asia lost its monopoly of cotton and Tang China had begun to grow and spin its own

• This process of “import substitution” – the domestic sale of goods that have been previously imported

Tang Dynasty

• China still remained the producer of the finest silk

• The Tang dominated world trade and became the sole suppliers of porcelain

Tang Dynasty

• The most serious rival to the Tang were the Uigurs and Tibet

• After two centuries of Buddhist influence, the Tang family began to blame Buddhist clergy for political upheavals

Tang Dynasty

• The decline of the Tang resulted from:

• A complex tax collection system

• The defeat of the Tang at the Battle of Talas River

• The demoralization and under funding of the army

Tang Dynasty

• The Tang Empire ended in 907 and was replaced by a set of smaller states

Uigur Empire

• Group of Turkic speakers who controlled an empire in modern day Mongolia

• Famous merchants and scribes of the Silk Road

• Lasted on 50 years

Tibet

• A large and stable empire

• Chinese crossed Tibet on their pilgrimages to India

• In a government attempt to control monasteries, Tibetan Buddhist assassinated the king and took control of the royal family

• The new separate states that were the Tang are Liao, Jin, and Tanggut

• They consolidated a single elite culture

• The first state to emerge was the Liao Empire of the Kitans

• They inspired the name Cathay (what the West called them)

• Laid the foundation of the Mongol Empire

• Made the city of Beijing its capital

Technology

• The innovations of the Song were:

• Stern-mounted rudder

• High-quality steel

• gunpowder

Technology

• The development of movable type and printed material allowed for the dissemination of information and aided development of new agricultural lands

Song Dynasty • The Song Dynasty rose

in 960 and invented new technology

• Chinese transportation improved because of the compass

• The Song technological explosion was driven by an expanding economy and pressure from the Liao and Jin Empires

Song Dynasty• Song China had an

enormous military challenge

• In social hierarchy, the civil man outranked the military

• The Song instituted civil service examinations for government jobs to ensure it recruited the most talented men

Women

• Could not own property, but could manage in absence of husband

• Not allowed to remarry• Educated only to read

Confusion philosophy• The most dramatic

change was mandatory footbinding

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam• Agricultural nations

dominated by rice as a main staple

• Political ideologies varied, but were based on Confucianism

• Korea was originally shamanist, but

• Confucianism and Buddhism were transmitted to Japan by way of Korea

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

• After the fall of the Tang, the Koryo family took over Korea

• China history records early Japan in the 4th century

• The unification of Japan occurred when Korean warriors united the small countries of Japan under a central government

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

• Japan was influenced by China by:

• Japan mastered Chinese architecture

• Japan implemented Confucian style government

• Japan showed a strong interest in Buddhism

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

• The Japanese emperor seldom had any real political power

• The prime minister and religious leaders held power

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

• The rise of a warrior elite in Heian Japan (Kyoto) led to the rise of the Kamakura Shogunate , the first of 3 military regimes of Japan

• This new warrior class would later take the title samurai

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam• Vietnam (Champa

and Annam) established economic trade with the Tang

• Advanced farming, metalwork and ceramics

• Under Song China, Champa became a tributary state and provided China with quick growing rice

Women

• In Vietnam, the Trung Sisters, who lived in the 2nd century, led local farmers in a resistance against Han invaders

• They have been revered for almost 2000 years as national heroes

Women

• Murasaki Shikibu is the author of the famous Japanese novel The Tale of Genji and said about women:

• Women should have little education

• They should have general knowledge, but is bad if they are attached to a particular branch of learning