child development

EDU 3023:Child DevelopmentPN NORHAYATI BT HASHIM

*NorhayatiHashim JIP2014

NorhayatiHashim JIP2014

ObjectivesIdentify the concept of growth & its characteristicsIdentify the concept of development & its characteristicsDescribe the differences between growth & development Explain the basic principles of child developmentDefine genetic & environment & how it influences a childs development

*NorhayatiHashim JIP2014

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Leah, a 5-year old, is certain that rolling out a ball of clay into a snake creates more clayA 9-year-old child in Geneva, Switzerland, firmly insists that it is impossible to be Swiss & Genevan at the same time: Im already Swiss. I cant be also be Genevan.Jamal, a very bright elementary school student, cannot answer the question How would life be different if people did not sleep? because he insists, People HAVE TO SLEEPA 2-year-old brings his own mother to comfort a friend who is crying , even though the friends mother is available, tooNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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What explains these interesting events?NorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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*NorhayatiHashim JIP2014Changes occur during human development. Most people use growth & development in the same context. In reality, growth & development are different in meaning but are related to each other

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GrowthNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*Woolfolk & Margeretts(2007), states the growth is the change in size & maturity

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Characteristics of GrowthNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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Development

Santrock (2008) defines development as changes in the biological pattern, the cognitive & social emotion of an individual from birth to the end of lifeNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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Characteristics of DevelopmentQualitative- seen through the emergence of new characteristicsHappens in the physical, cognitive, social, emotional & moral aspectsChanges stable, gradually & systematicallyChanges take place continuously through different stages of maturation & learningInfluenced by genetic & environmentNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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Differences between Growth & Development

NorhayatiHashim JIP2014*Fill in the following table.

GrowthDevelopmentPhysical

Emotions

Social

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Contoh Pengalaman Belajar yang Optimum : Bermain

How can a knowledge about human development be used to help a teacher in his teaching process?NorhayatiHashim JIP2014*Lets put on your thinking cap

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What is the source of development?NorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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W3 FACTORS INFLUENCING CHILD DEVELOPMENTNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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FACTORS INFLUENCING CHILD DEVELOPMENTNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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Bronfenbrenner Ecology Theory(child development is the effect of the environment how the child responds & reacts to the environment)

GROUP DISCUSSIONIn a group of 5, explain the 5 different system & its implication to human beings developmentNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCESNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

Each individual is different from the biological & genetical aspect ~ Dobzshansk

WHY ?Development occurs at different rate according to maturity & learning experiencesMaturity means the characteristic development that exist in an individual inherited from their genes (Hurlock, 1978) eg. ability to crawl, walk, runLearning involves practice & effortA child learns to use their potentials through learning (Hurlock,1978)

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Aspects of individual differencesNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*CognitivePhysicalSocialEmotionIntelligence

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Multiple Intelligence(Howard Gardner)LinguisticMusicSpatialLogic-MathematicsKinestheticInterpersonalIntrapersonalNaturalisticNorhayatiHashim JIP2014** Surf the internet and download articles/notes on multiple intelligences by Howard Gardner to be compiled in your portfolio.

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Emotional Intelligence (Daniel Goleman) ability to understand & interpret his own feelings ability to manage his emotions in a proper mannerInfluenced by ones background ( upbringing,love, discipline/freedom, SES, peer groups,media)Potential is an individuals talent/hidden capability & abilityNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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STAGES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENTNorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

Stages in child development is an outcome of the biological process , cognitive & socio-emotion (Santrock,2008)Infancy(0-2 yrs)Rapid growth. Includes development of language ,physical ability & capability to develop emotional relationshipEarly childhood(3-8 yrs)Play using their imagination. Rapid language development, begins to use smaller muscles, ability to socializeChildhood(9-11 yrs)Begins to learn about task & activities for future use, starts having relationship with peer group, understands rules & regulationsEarly Adolescence(12-15 yrs)Sensitive of their appearance & physical changes, able to think logicallyAdolescence(15-20 yrs)Close relationship with peer groups , learning to be independent

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THEORIES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT Child Development by Arnold Gessell Theory of Cognitive Development by Jean Piaget Theory of development by Robert Havinghurst

Activity: In a smaller group, discuss and do mind map of the above theories. NorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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Critical thinkingWhich is more important in development, the nature of an individual (heredity, genes, biological processes, maturation, etc) or the nurture of environmental contexts ( education, parenting, culture, social policies , etc.)?NorhayatiHashim JIP2014*

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Rogers(1951) , humans have potential to be positive & good & always initiate towards self perfection*