chemistry topic 11

Chemistry Topic 11

Organic Chemistry

• Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry

• Obj: SWBAT elucidate partial structures of organic compounds based on structure, formula, and names

• Do Now: What comes to mind when you hear the word “organic”?

Bonding of Carbon Atoms • Organic Chemistry = study of carbon-based

compounds

• Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds (tetravalent)

• Saturated = compound only has single bonds

• Unsaturated = compound contains one or more double

or triple bonds

Structural Formulas

• Molecular formula shows the number of atoms of each element

• Structural formula shows the arrangement of those atoms

Hydrocarbons

• Compounds that ONLY have HYDROGEN and CARBON

• Split up into 3 homologous series alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

• Generally, the larger (heavier) the compound, the higher the boiling point.

• Table Q

Alkanes

• Only single bonds

• Alkanes are saturated

• Formula CnH2n+2

• Name ends in “-ane”

• Ex. CH4, C2H6, C3H8

Alkenes

• Contain a double bond

• Unsaturated

• Formula CnH2n

• Name ends in “-ene”

• Ex. C2H4, C3H6, C4H8

Alkynes

• Contain a triple bond

• Unsaturated

• Formula CnH2n-2

• Name ends in “-yne”

• Ex. C2H2, C3H4, C4H6

Isomers

• SAME MOLECULAR FORMULA, DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL FORMULA

• Practice Problems

• Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry

• Obj: determine the correct name of an organic compound based on the structural features of that compound

• Do Now:

• HW:

• Worksheet

Naming Organic Compounds

• 1. Find longest carbon chain (they can bend!)

– This is called the parent chain

• 2. Identify alkyl groups (groups hanging off chain, put them in alphabetical order)

• Halides also

– F = fluoro

– Cl = chloro

– Br = bromo

– I = iodio

• 3. If necessary assign numbers to alkyl groups (Final name has lowest possible numbers)

• 4. If more than one of the same alkyl group is present give prefixes

– Di for 2

– Tri for 3

– Tetra for 4

Where’s the longest Carbon Chain?

How should we number it?

Are there any groups coming off the parent chain?

What are the names of those groups?

What’s the correct numbering?

What’s the final name?

Name these

• Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry

• Obj: determine what functional groups are found within different organic compounds

• Do Now: Name this

Functional Groups

• Functional groups = atoms or groups of atoms that give a compound distinctive physical and chemical properties

• R = Carbon Chain

• R’ = another carbon chain

Halides

• When a halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) replaces a hydrogen in an alkane organic halide

Alcohols

• Alcohol = organic compound in which one or more H are replaced by OH (hydroxyl)

Classifying alcohols

• Look at the C the OH is attached to

• The number of Carbons touching that Carbon designates whether the alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary.

• Names end in -ol

Classifying Alcohols

• If there are 2 OH s dihydroxy alcohol

– diol

• If there are 3 OH s trihydroxy alcohol

– triol

Aldehydes and Ketones

• Carbonyl (C=O)

• Aldehyde = carbonyl is at the end of chain

– Names end in -al

• Ketone = carbonyl is not at the end of chain

– Names end in -one

Ethers

• Carbon chains joined by an oxygen atom

Organic Acids

• Have a carboxyl group (-COOH)

– Name ends with –oic acid

• Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry

• Obj: Determine the products of different organic reactions

• Do Now: What class

of compounds does this

belong to?

Esters • Contain R-COO-R’

• Formed from an alcohol and organic acid

– Have strong fragrances (found in fruits and perfumes)

– Names end in -oate

Amines

• When a H in ammonia (NH3) is replaced with a carbon chain

– Name ends in -amine

Amino Acid

• Have carboxylic (COOH) group and amine group

– Building blocks of proteins

Amides

• Combination of 2 amino acids

• Held together by peptide bonds

• If all else fails look

at Table R

Combustion

• Hydrocarbon + oxygen CO2 + H2O

Substitution • Replacing one or more Hydrogen atom in an

alkane with another atom or group

Addition

• Adding one or more atom at a double or triple bond

Esterification

• Organic Acid + Alcohol Ester + H2O

Saponification

• Ester + Base Soap + Glycerol

Fermentation

• Sugar Alcohol + CO2

Polymerization

• Polymers = organic compounds made up of chains or smaller units

– Ex. Nylon, rayon, polyethylene, proteins, starches

Addition Polymerization

• Joining of monomers of unsaturated compounds

Condensation Polymerization

• Bonding of monomers by removing water

• Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry

• Obj: SWBAT review concepts of Organic Chemistry through practice problems and offering explanations backed by their knowledge.

• Do Now: Take out homework from last night to be checked.

• What careers did you learn about today?

• Which did you find most interesting? Why?

• Did any change your mind about your future?

• Go to codeacademy and work on HTML and CSS

• By the end of the class, you should be at least 30% done with the course. If not, please ask for help if needed.

• Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry

• Obj: SWBAT review concepts of Organic Chemistry through practice problems and offering explanations backed by their knowledge.

• Do Now: What are the reactants and products of saponification?

• Get worksheet

• Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry

• Obj: SWBAT review concepts of Organic Chemistry through practice problems and offering explanations backed by their knowledge.

• Do Now: What are the reactants and products of esterification?

• Homework: STUDY!!!

Test Instructions

• Get Test (doesn’t matter which version), Zipgrade, and Reference Tables from Desk

• START ON NEW SIDE OF ZIPGRADE!!!! – PUT YOUR NAME ON EVERYTHING AND YOUR ID # ON

ZIPGRADE (DON’T FORGET YOUR VERSION)

• START AT #1 • Answer extended response on test itself • If extended response is in the middle of the test,

skip it on zipgrade. Keep the numbering the same.