chemistry ii beginning of the year warm up. let's see what the sun baked out this summer!

Chemistry IIBeginning of the Year

Warm Up

Let's see what the sun baked out this summer!

Easy Ones!

• What is the chart thing on the wall?

– Answer: Periodic Table

• Bonus: How is it arranged?

– Answer: By atomic number / by number of protons

Tell me what else you know about this thing ...

Other things to know:

• Polyatomic Ions• Naming Compounds• Writing Compound Formulas• Identifying Charges on Ions

• Any of these SCARE you???

Where to Start??

Our first topic is bonding… so you should remember the following items from Pre-AP or Chemistry I.

If these first five slides made you sick, you are either going to have to study/review/ask for help/wake up your brain, or reconsider your schedule.

Periodic Trends

What do you remember about Periodic trends?

Did you get it all?

Periodic Trends

Definition: a pattern of behavior on the periodic table• Defined for a group

• Defined for a period

Some Examples:• Atomic Size: • Electronegativity:• Ionization Energy:

Periodic Trends Continued…

• Atomic Size- atomic radius• increases down a group, decreases L-R across a period

• Electronegativity- Ability of an atom to attract shared electrons "greed“

• Decreases down a group, Increases L-R across a period

• Ionization Energy- Energy needed to remove electrons from the atom

• Decreases down a group, Increases L-R across a period

Next Topic: Valence Electrons

What do you remember about Valence Electrons?

Did you get it all?

Valence Electrons

• Outermost Electron(s)• Control chemical activity• Can be shared• Can be transferred• Loss of electrons = positive ion• Gain of electrons = negative ion• Involved in bonding (sharing, transfer)

Atomic Models

What do you remember about atomic models?

Did you get it all?

Atomic Models

• JJ Thomson “Plum Pudding Model”

• Rutherford “Gold Foil Experiment”

• Bohr “orbits, only worked for H”

Atomic Models continued

• Current Model- Wave Mechanical Model• Mathematical representation• Orbital- area of probability- expect to find electrons• s/p/d/f sublevels• Electron configurations represent mathematical

description

Electron Configurations

What do you remember about Electron Configurations?

Did you get it all?

Electron Configurations

• Description of electron arrangement• wave mechanical model• quantum mechanical model

• Orbital- probability zone• Pauli Exclusion Principle: no two electrons can

have the same set of four quantum numbers• Quantum Numbers

• Principle Energy Level• Sublevel- s, p, d, f• Orbital• Spin

Anatomy of a Standard Electron Configuration

1s2 Principle Energy Level:

Tells distance from nucleusRelative amount of energyNumber of sublevels in the P.E.L.

Number of electrons in the sublevel

Sublevel:Tells shape of orbitalIndicates how many electrons may be helds - 2 electrons

max.p- 6 electrons max.d- 10 electrons max.f- 14 electrons max.

Abbreviated Configurations

• Start with the previous noble gas in brackets

[He] 2s2 2p4

Previous noble gas symbol placed in brackets

Continue with electron configuration from noble gas on

Orbital Diagrams

• Show the fourth quantum number- spin

1s 2s 2p

Practice Electron Configurations• Magnesium- atomic #12

– Standard configuration

– Abbreviated configuration

– Orbital diagram

You should remember what you learned in Chemistry I or Pre AP !

If you do not, the items you will need most right now are:

• recognize polyatomic ions (names, formulas and charges)• write formulas for compounds, write names for formulas• describe basic workings/organization of periodic table

Later you will need:

• describe parts of a chemical equation : reactant, product, coefficients

• describe basic parts of a solution: solvent, solute, concentration (molarity)

• describe acids and bases

Assignment

• Electron Configuration Practice Worksheet

• Answer Key Page 1• Answer Key Page 2