characteristic evaluation of acoustic emission sensors
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KR0101246
KAERI/TR-1691/2000
Characteristic Evaluation of
Acoustic Emission Sensors
5 * ! •
2000 \1 12 08
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i .
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HI. ifl-g-
^ AE
AE
ASTM El 106 standard^!
tfi
- b ASTM E976ofl
IV.
AE >S4fe
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3
11
31
42
52
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fe AE
AE AE
AE
371
K 471
}fe AE
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AE
AE
«>
71
AE
fe c|
ASTM^]
AE
2 S- AE(Acoustic Emission)
1. Acoustic Emission Sensor^
4 o}§
K ©)
2. Sensor
. ©] * o > ^
__ rt —
A.
fe S.^ PZT(lead(Pb) zirconate titanate)^-
«<H>MDirection of Sensitivity to Motion)
30 1 Mhzi]
20 kHz
- 4 -
30 kHzolH 1
3. Acoustic Emission Sensor5j
0%
O)
— 5 •"
FIGURE T. Schematic diagram of a typicalacoustic emission sensor mounted on a testobject
DAMPINGMATERIAL
WEAR PLATE
*<r?f»>rrn>>/ty»ii\ ELECTRFCALYZZ2 LEAD
>"/ / A
PfEZOCERAMiC— ELEMENT
COUPLANT LAYER
connector^
plate), ^q-, 4(backing p l a t e ) ^ %£.
connector#
. ©]
(2)
^^717] - (3) (4)
4. Sensor^
7}.
in-plane
. 4mm ^-7^S\ PZT c ] ^ J 5 . ^ ^ 0.5 MHz-2}
- 7 -
lmm
. o) ^- ^ ^ a p e r ture
effectSj-JL
aperture effect^ fig.6< |A-]
non-planar
3 mm ^ 0.5 MHz
5. ^^(Couplants and bonds)
random spot^ %O\JL
- 8 -
7\.
i l , water, g l y c e r i n ) ^
M^: ^Fg-^1fe couplnaUl-
AE Sensor
^ ) ^ ] } . ASTM
6. AE Sensorofl
7>. Curie
sgo] u\ o)J$ # ^ * f x l 6 | ^ &SM Curie
^- curie temp5| 50t:ol }<HlA-l *£^°.S- A]~g-o| ^cf. o]
curie £ 5 . ^ PZT^ ^^ r^ l nfe]- ^^-S-M^]: 300<>1|A-] 400°C<>|
^ ^ " 4 ^ : ^TlufCbarium titanate -120"C) Curie
lithium niobate 1210°C).
. Fluctuating
PZT
^ single crystal
7. ^ - T 1 AE Sensorsif Sensor Mounts
- 10 -
3.7M
©
. ^^(Dif ferent ia l )
single ended preamplifier^.c|- differential preamplifier^
S-Bf^:(Acoustic waveguides)
- 1 1 -
3 S- AE (Acoustic Emission) 4!! M s\ T T8 )
1 AE
y\.
4-g-**!;}-. ^ barium titanate(BaTiO), lead zirconate
titanate[Pb(0.4Zr0.6Ti)03 to Pb(0.9Ar0. lTi)O3], modified lead
metaniobate(PbNb205).
s.io|
DC
TABLE ' . Typical property ranges of piezoceramic materials at room temperature and low drive
Free dieiecuic constdm
Direrr piwfjciwrpic rniwlwn?
Reverse aiezoeltctric conslant£-, jVflTi'N • iC S|
Coupling coefficient squared
Frequency conswnsN.,t |H?-rn|
Mechaniral Qui-Mry fectotG,.
Curie lernperatUfSEC I'CI
Lead ZirconKte-Lsad Titanate
iOC to 3.S0O
!iC to 600
19 :o 2S
0.47 to 0.49
!.SSOto2.IOO
70 to r,!00
BariumTitanate
700 to 1.500
80 to 180
a to 20
0.19 CO 025
2.000 to 2,800
100 to 600
9u tc-1 as
LeadMetaniobate
185 to 7S0
60 to i 70
24 to 34
0.20 to 0.32
!,SS0 to 2,570
i£0 to 750
2S0 to 450
LeadTitartate
: 90 iO 280
50 to 100
30 EC 36
033 to CiAO
1.95C toj.200
400 to SSO
27S tc 330
£L°\Q piezo( pressure
piezoelectricity^
from force) efe7}^ 4
- Curie ^ S (Tc) : o|
S. 3.7}fe
150°C(300 350"C(660
capacitance
- 13 -
. o)
>iofl cfls|{ ?! train*] ringing
2.
| ^ single event, ^-tj}<* (50Hfe<HH lMfe),
PZT(lead zirconate titanate)
truncated
- 14 -
6mm(0.25 2.5mm(0.1
^ 3 . ^ 1.0 mm (0.04
45°
H ^ 1
FIGURE 1. Components of a conical acousticemission transducer: (a) active element sideview; |b) top view of backing; [cj active elementtop view; and (dj side view of backing
(a*
FIR?D SllVER
fbj
f LAI FULCTOODT AREASFIAT Sf t\VO VO 7HRE£« I N G K O F UGHT
8ACi«,\'G f ORACTTv'E f lcMEMf
TRUNCATED CONE Or PZT
BASS DIAMETER: 6 mm (G.Z5 fn.jTRUNCATED END
DIAMETER: 1 mm (O.D-i tfl.HEIGHT: 2.5 mm {0.1 in)SILVER ElECTRODES ON
TWO FIA~ SURSACK
FRONT SURfiftCE !N REGION OFTRANSOUCSa MOUNTING HAT 31' 7ttOTO iHSEE fWNGES O f LIGHT
I mm IQ.f 2 in.j RADIUS
DRILL HOLSFOR ELECTRICALCONNECTION
35 MraylesH 25
- 15 -
l .o HfeA}o|sj
FIGURE 2. Performance characteristics of conicaltransducer: {aj measured voftage output versustime; input was a point-force step function on alarge steel block; and [bj amplitude frequencyresponse
(b)
:so\
j
I 150 41 i
Mu .j
0 C2 0.4 0.6 0.E !.O f.2
FREOUENCf
- 16 -
r
NBS
^r Connecticut ^
Hartford^ Staveley NDT Technologies^ EBL
FIGURE 3. Performance characteristics formodified conical transducer: |aj measuredvoltage output versus time; Input was a point-force step function on a steel block; and(bj ampiitude frequency response
3.
- 17 -
50 ±3 7}*}
^ lmm
aperture
3.71 S
backing^ 3.7] $}
15 m(50
^ ^ £ ] A}
a 2
FIGURE 4. Conical dynamic surface ctisp/acefT?«nttransducer; frequency response Is flat within= 3 dS over the range of SO KHi to 1 MHz
(1) (2)
- 18 -
3. 2*} (3)
(5)
fe Gaitherburg,
Industrial Quality Incorporated $1
Maryland^]
WBLE 2. Specifications for conical acoustic emission transducer
Shape;Dimensions:
DiameterHeight
Contact size:Weight:/viateria!:Electrical:
Fovs.'er iupplyOiJtput irripedanceMaximum output voltage
Respo-nse:
Oispi^cenwnt sensith/ity:
Transducer Head
CylirKfrical
44 nun [1.75 in.)j ^mn i fr.l j j jn.JI mm (0.04 InJ230g|!Ooz)Brass, piejoceramic and plastic
9 V batter,'50 ohms |BNC connector;2 V peak to peakAmplitude response (I3t
within ± 3 dS frombO KHz to 1 MHz
2 x iO" V m ' ' [nominall
Shield, Cover and Preamplifier
Cylindrical
!5C!6in.)73 mm (2.8S in.)
700 p (25 cz)Aluminum v/ltii electronic circuit
4. "§- ^^(Sensor for Particular Applications)
175, 375, 750, 1000ZL5]jl 1500
-§-#0} 30, 75,
. AC A|B12L ^ | A - | ^
4, 4 Ife40dB# AC
- 19 -
fe -215
^.t^ 7 } ^
160 °C<>1M- ^ 7 l ^ > A S ^ 200 °C(400
lead zirconate titanate(PZT)
# 5 . 1 - ^ - # ^ 4 . AC Ajsl^
^^(Broadband Sensors)
105
FIGURE 18. Acoustic emission testing sensors:AC series, miniature and broadband
(Miniature Sensors)
cabled 7MJL &-M
integral
- 20 -
(Directional Sensors)
lOdB } ^
f ^ lOdB
}#( fretting) ^ 4 ^ o | 7 1^]^ ^JAS. -? -^ ^^Sj fe -g-^4^} lOdB
integral S^o]^.^ ofl^l nfcg.
(Severe Environment and High
Temperature Sensor)
integral
fe 260°c 7?}*\ 4 ^
^*W*\] ^%-7Vs-^\^h *>l}fe 7]§o) 1 F . pa-i<y 4 -46dB
#35.1- 7>^1 175 1&O1JL(71^O| i V/ubar"1 Ajfe. -66 dB) u ^ *]-i}fe
- 21 -
(Integral Preamplifier Sensors)
u^ 19tcf-e]- 40, 60, 110, 150
9\}o)M.o)
FIGURE 19. integral preamplifier sensors {Jeft toright): 40 kHz, 60 kHz and ISO kHz
i
m11a
300 m<q
bypass
. 40dB 3.717}
o] >fl -c- .
(Intrinsically Safe sensor)
EEx-ia-IIB-T4S
a zone 0
acetylene, hydrogen,
- 22 -
blue water gas, coke oven gas, carbon disulphide
FIGURE 20. Intrinsically safe front-end acousticemission sensor
M. - ' • •
zener barrier^
-fe 27M
°f. (Underwater Sensor)
700
52dB(l V/ubar"1
neoprene
325
-fe- -72 dB)
fl>g-^(integral)
5.5
fe 1
(Wheeled Sensors)
- 23 -
(Dry coupling wheeled) -SUJfe &
175SJ- 375 Vk i$±3. 9 - ^ 7 ^ * ^ . 175 kSz -gUj-fe. 1 F-Pfl"1^ cfi
375 kBz -»fl^fe 1 F- Pa"1^
timer footprint^ 7f*l ^ ^ - B H ^ A]^-*}^- H>^(wet coupled
wheel)!- *H-*k ^r ^I^f. 30 ffitoflA| 1.5 MHz 7}x| <y«j^. S ^ ^ 4 ^ r AC
4 (internal axle)^ol] ^ ^ ) ^ ^ ^Iu>.
-^: California^lsacramento^l ^ f l * ! Acoustic
Emission Technology Cooperation^A-] £.-*f- ^ ^ ^ ^ . u } . S 3 ^
5.
°1 # ^ ^ S . ' i ^ ^ - ^ ^^}H^^I quiet <§ oH-H 150
16
microdot ^ m
^ . o| 4^-o) <gSf ojc) 6> -100^1^ 200°C 77}
exci tat ion (spark impulse J2. §):zf -3Xf exci tat i on (^.^^f
- 24 -
60, 500, 800 l&Sj
TABLE 3. Specifications for various acoustic emission sensors
RESONANCE(peak frequencyresponse t o kHz)
.3075
175575.375750
!,CC!O!,S00
Fiat i00 l o 2.000Fidi 100 to i.000
!75300425300
500500SOO175375
4060
150
' • DIAGONAL* HEXAGONAL
SENSITIVITYdecibels
referred to1 V.'Pa
(1 V/ubar)
- 5 0 (-70}-60 (-30)-46 (-66)-48 (-68)-48 f-66}-55 I-7S)- 5 2 (-72)-60 (-80)
-70 [-90J-35 (-7SJ
- 3 0 (-30)-68 I-SSJ-SO (-801-58 i-78|
•
-52 (-721-46 S-66)-48 (-68)
- IE j-35)-15 (-35)-5 (-2SJ
AC Series Sensors
DIAMETERmillimeter
{inch)
22 (0.875)22 (0.875|22 (0.675)22 10.B7S)22 (0.875J22 10.375}22 (0.875)22 (0.875)
Broadband Sensors
25 (1.0)25 (1.0)
Miniature Sensors
iS (0.60)6 (0.26)8 (0.3214 (0.1 S)
HEIGHTmil l imeter
(inch)
29 (!.MJ29 M.HJ29 (1.141
29 ( I K )r9 (0.74)25 (0.98)27 ( i .06j26 (1.021
4S (1.75)4S (1.751
12.* (0.49|6.6 |0.26)9.9 (039)2.5 (0.10)
Directional and Severe Environment Sensors
32 (1.25; ro 13 (0.5)32 (1,25) to 13 (05)30 {1.2}**28 (1.1)
" 28 (1.1)
8 f O 3 l |3 (0.31)
16 (0.63)64 (2.5)64 (2.5)
Integra) Preamplifier Sensors
21 |0.8IJ f
21 (0.811*2 ! (0.8!) '
75 {2.96)?i |2.96)40 (1.6;
WEIGHTgram
(ounce)
35 {(.24)25 (0.92)23 (1.00126 (0.92)26 (0.92)26 (0.92J24 (0.S5J20 (0.71)
170 (6.0)170 (60)
14 |0.5)7 {0.2S)9 (0.313 (0.1)
14 (0.5)14 (0.5)35 (1.25)57 |2.0|57 (2.0)
96 (3.38;96 (3.38)53 fj.87)
CONNECTOR
LEMOLEIViOLEMOLEMOLEMOLEMOLEMOLEMO
BNC
LEMOLEMOLEMOLEMO
LEMOLEMOTNCLEMOLEMO
BNCBNCBNC
- 25 -
I FIGURE 21. Typical frequency response wi thI impulse calibration
/A
i
02 03 0^ 0.5
2. ~' Vi t . •
o.s or. a;, u,-: o? -if.
K 150
(Miniature Sensors)
nfl-f
microminature &^\ ^ ^ } # ^
1 1 ^-Hfe 4^" ^r°>^ ^ ^-S^o>^I -fi~S-*W. *T disk mediatest, short beam shear test, complex multidimensional test,
triangulation £JJL ^oji;].. 4 ^ 3.7]$]
#4
- 26 -
Miniature Sensorfe ^
Stl K 0.6 m^ integral
4
anodizing
^ ^ r -54 ©fl-H 1000CO]U}
10,000 peak G#
^ H^ 22^1
* H l v § . S ^ BNC
3.6mm ©jr}.
fe shock
©]
FIGURE 22. Frequency response curve forminiature sensor
£- so-—
$• _ 40 ; ' *
%% C 'DO ?00 3CC 400 500 600 700 800 VDO I.C(M
peak
BNC integral
€:10
- 27 -
FIGURE 23. Miniature sensor calibration curve
> £ 60
2',-
- 40—:-.#f i i : \ -* J • i T ^ : , '-I ; i :
. i J „„._. ' ; „.;,, ;i , : j >! t i _ i 1 1-..N'.K • j. j,v:J
^a 0 \G0 200 300 400 500 600 .'00 800 900 I,POOM FREQUENCY
Jit:}
microdot
package^-
FiGURE 24. Calibrationminiature sensor
E "• I I<*~ 60 ! '<••.
I I «Mf-i l 40 u ^| | 3SL....L_
,,, , 1
1
1
curve for larger
CO 2*. ; -s C 4C0 *-r ^ ?v0 ^
FREQUENCY(kilCifierul
size
i
— ;
J «C COO
t:f. (High Temperature Sensor)
- 28 -
PZT
titanate 1} cadmium bismuth
0°C
bismuth titanate
3} footprint-!
^ lead metaniobate, cadmium
Curie ££.# 7]-*lJL & ° M S.
£)JL 54
hard line integral
microdot-BNC
cfl*>
FIGURE 25. Caffbration curve for hfghtemperature sensor
3 00 :?00 3C0 400 S00 600 700 800 900 ' .C00
(Wideband and Flat Frequency Sensor)
- 29 -
excitation^]
excitation^]
.fe C}#(multiple)
PZT
7}
16 18 mm
T^ ^ ^ BNC
integral triaxial
150°C-2]
FIGURE 26wideband
y,~' 551 '
*M 30
^ ^ ZQ : 1
| | 35U,1
£J? ° :
. CaBbratfonsensor
• \
curve
t v
•r
!
for
CO J.^ ..3J "50C SCO 600
FR-OUEWa
a differential |
' : i M Mi 1 !
^ i i j
\ r /i 1 | j ;7CU bC-G ?00 1,000
4 ^}i^
] inductor^,
waferl-
- 30 -
4 4 25mm
fe- microdot twin axial
10,000 peak
FIGURElayers
oy
5 r ° f
f f ~20 L
s
27. Calibration curve for
^ ; • •
111/ICO 200 300 4C0 500 600
FffcOUENCr
sensor with P2T
yuo 800 900 s.ccc
shock
(Integral Electronic Sensor)
RF(Radiofrequency)
H33fe- .>bfe (1)(2)
FET
r 2dB 300m
- 31 -
copper,
^ AflB^ Shoeotf
^r ^ ^ BNC t m ^ l - ^}-§-t>cK &Mk^ -45<Hl- i 801C
H ^-^SIT:]-. ^ ^ - 7 1 ^ 1.0 fN rms^u} 4 ^ ^ - ^ 3]*i
40dB 7)1*1 7 ] ^ i - 7f^l4. # ^ 7 l f e 50S #
1 ^ ^ ^ B^ % 1 28 V 15
^«H 500ffiz7> 4-§-7l-^^]-t:>. ^ ^ ^i^l- ^lA-|fe 20^1 -1 lOOkflz
band-pass ^ ^ # 7f?l ^ ^ 2 } ^A-jJ | Af-g-^Vu}. ^ ' ^ ^1^1- A ) ^ 300
band-pass ^ B ] # 7}
o ] e | ^ ^5-*|#-c: New Je r sey^ Lawrencevi 1
Physical Acoustic Corporation^]^
- 32 -
4 £f AE
1. 1*} rimary Sensor Calibration) 0
7}. &M 3.$ -g-oj
- calibration^^) :
- test
*1| j . o]
test block
K 7] Til3
test blocko]
-^2]
- 33 -
1) calibration
source
- 34 -
NBS
methyle methacrylate plastic^ ^ ^
^^r force -^ #H]7> ^ pencil break apparatus
Fig.
Fig.
[ FIGURE 2. Approximate calibrations of a sensorI tfons on biocks of fauc different materials; ai pencil ie-act hrzak was the souf-ce far all .accept
!<• stee! biock c^Jibrstion
!| ' i •v-t-
3 oi •
10.?5 l.b
cmsMeTfrt.
- 35 -
FIGURE 3. Approximate calibrations of a conies!ir«n«i)ucer; conditions arc XtlC same as inFigure 2
> 40
m 20-
iC-
0 P.?1* ( i i ft?J 1.0 --2E ! !FBbOUsNCY
ree.
METtm. MCTI lATRVIATiH PL'vS! C
j FIGURE 4. Calculated sensitivity Of the corticalI tfartsducsr tn Figure 3 on trie same four• materials; caJcuteticrw ar« based on the theory
for the transducer [see reference 17)
i
i r*-FSFOLKINCY
IEGOJOiTSEt
MfTHVL Mt i H^JCPVI w r riAST. c
(1)
- 36 -
(2)
2) Aperture Effect^}
aperature effect
= ^ - / fs u(x, y, t)rix, y)dydx
S=
A=
u(x,y,t)
. Fig.
r(x,y)=l
c= Rayleigh
= —2 I cos(kx—wf)va2 — x2dx
- 37 -
FIGURE 5. Straight line waves incident on a
Fig. 6 ^ Tfl^l Bessel ^Hr -§-^2}
3) ^g(Surface calibration.
Rayleigh calibration
Rayleigh
effects
source
surface calibration
^c: aperture
4) Through Calibration
source#
3.aperature effetofl
through calibration^] 1} p-wave calibrationo]"c]\ through calibration
- 38 -
FIGURE ft. Results of the calculation of Equation 4compare** with experiments! results from acapac/tive disk sensor; souraHta-reoeiver distance(d| is 0.1 mj transducer radius |a] ij IC mm;surface pulse generated by a taptllary break onthe NBS steeJ bloc*
i :•...
lu i
i H
a G.1 0.2 i:
LESEMO
; (!.<• C.5 « 6 OS 0.1 1.0
5) Step-force Calibration
step-force &.$S>] 7}^
fe ^o]u}. step
source
step source^
3l7l-§-%*(Capacitive)
NBS(National Bureau of Standard)^
0.43m HB]J
fe. ^ | ^ 0.9m,
source^]
- 39 -
sourceif receiver-^- 0.1m
through £.%*\] tflsfl, *
t} . step * K ^ 5 l 5:7]Sfe
lOOjas ^-^r lOOffiz JA-] lilt
o ^ H f ^ l g o ^ ^ J ^ ^ ] ^ ^ f l ^ f transient
record^] *|#©] 5]J1 H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H - ^ S . M^W &^$\ *r*\*r -§•^ 3.7] if ^
%v ^># €• ^ ^ *<W S ^ € step-force
Through ^ ^
^ 5 ^ through
180° ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ 1 - 7}Q Jt^S^f <^w> .<g 4 0 ] ^
S - ^ 3 ^ ^ - 3.7lS.-f-Bl <*>!: ^ 5lc>. NBS
lOOkfe lA-1 1MBZO)UK
A)
7]
- 40 -
FIGURE 7. Schematic diagram of the surface pulseapparatus
CHARGE STORAGEAMPLIFIER OSCfLiOSCOPE
LOADING SCREWPZTDISK.
CAPILLARYSOURCE
UNDER TEST
\ V
STEEL BLOCK'
CAPACIWESENSOR
TRANSIENTRECOROER
COMPUTER
TRANSIENT RECORDER
6) Reciprocity Calibration14'
(1)
(2)
o| -amplifier)7>
source receiver
7 | . A)~§-S1U}-I*I ^]-T4fe s o u r c e ^
l receiver s£\x\77\x}<>l
fe receiver^
[if- passive
source
o]nj
- 41 -
£ source^] A] receiver £|*1 77\*\$\
green ^H*fe <y-JL $W<>) W . <>1 ^ r f e reciprocity
-§-71 g
(NBS l
Nippon 1 -
through .
1976^^1 ^?P
$ £.% ^Hlfe
Rayleigh J t ^
c j ^ Nippon ^
^ ^ 1.1m ^ '
§(NBS^ S ^ 2
•1^# ^*>$d^
°1 0.76m£|
}. Rayleigh
61
lOOHfeoflA-1
7].^ol step force
<H7]A-1 step force JiL^^r reciprocity
aperture^1 JL^fe step force JSL^sf
2. 2 > 3 .^2f - M A]^(Secondary Calibration and Sensor Tests)
7\.
- 42 -
-S-^-i-alii}
7]
oil
- High Fidelity Transducers
Fig. 8^r NBS
step
pre-ampli f ier i - 7>^1 NBS5}-
- 43 -
FKStinE 8. Conical transducer's output (lowercurve| from a glass capillary breaking on a iargesteer plate compared to the output of acomputer program's calcutation (upper curve) ofthe Green's function of the steel plane
ii 0.0 •
i 0.2 '
5= -02 i —
O -C
y -•'"
v
5 3.C 3.5 ' 0
NQIVDIMENSIONIAL
.:. 5 0 5 5 /.<
- Computer Program for Secondary Calibration
OL^o] (l) (2) source (3) source to sensor JS.%
4^
ASTM
3. 11)
4,
- 44 -
*] xo\}*\*] £ ^ Ui(tm Green's function G
Green's functions] i H £ # 3 ^ <&%
^ o | convolution^^.
«,{*, d = ^ / /Gijix,x:t-r) F,{x , r)i&'rfr (1)
(2)
Green's function G7}
F(d# -^ £ $1^}. Green's function^
delta function S.^ step function^ o|-g-*fo^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S ^-%£ $1
F(t)=Sit)^l ^^-^ ^ ^ «(dfe Green's functionAS. U
step forced, ^ ^ l ^ ] 1 ^ ^.4] «(dfe Green's functional
step forced] ix|-g- Green's function, GHS -2}
. delta function £.tfe step functiono] o|
Green's function, G# ^ ^ * f 4 ^ c K ^ ^ ^ - ^ - ^ ^°1^lfe G JEfe GH ^}JL Sd^HS. i r ;} ^%^«y Green's function^ ^
source function D(t)e}
|.^ O1-^A1^- G(t),
s(t)e|- -&1-JI, AE 3
- 45 -
convolution
(3)
°14
AI^K ^1# # ^ . source function D(t)fe t^w^f -?
>~l (5)
3E., sj- r ^5] source H" ZXo,)^ n ^ ] S 4
fe- sensor^)
6v. t) = K (. y yyLr\ t) YS)D\ t) \ I)
^ ^ 3 . fe source ^H*Sj- Green
forward problemojcf.
- 46 -
S(co) =
Point step impulsive force (Fj) J£-fe Point linear
ramp force dipole(Fj,k)S. 7}^}JL Green ^ * M - <>]-§-€H
NIST5] Dr. Hsu7} ± S Plate
Green function (G)SJ : 33
: 3.2 mm/jus
. : 5.9 mm//«
Plated ^f-4 : 50 mm
SourceAj- Detector *}
Source^ Z ^ S ^
Sampling time interval : 0.1 JJS
Number of sampling points : 500 ( 1 11 1024)
Plated Shear Modulus : 79. 87 X 103 N/mm2
: 100 mm
= 0.5 (Source^} Detector7}
Hsu ^^ZL*£
7^ 27W ZL^xc
- 47 -
1.0x10' -i
5.0x10"* -
£. o.o-
I1I -5.0x10"1-8-5
-1.0x10"'-
-1.5x10'-30 40 50
Time (us)
8.0x10"S
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. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP WITH SPECTRUM ANAIVZEK
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- 61 -
1) ASTM E1106-86, "Standard method for primary calibration of
acoustic emission sensor", (Philadelphia, PA: ASTM)
2) ASTM E976-84, "Standard guide for determining the reproducibility
of acoustic emission sensor response", (Philadelphia, PA: ASTM)
3) Y. H. Kim and H. C. Kim, "Source function determination of glass
capillary breaks", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Vol.26, pp.253-258
(1993)
4) %<$& -§s " ^ - ^ t ^ A"£". KRISS-92-079-IR,
(1992)
5) N. N. Hsu, J. A. Simmons, and S. C. Hardy, "An approach to
acoustic emission signal analysis-Theory and Experiment," Material
Evaluation, Oct. 1977.
6) l H s l o l - g - 7 ] ^ ^ , #%>a<J-#, (1995)
7) D.G.Eitzen et.al., "Summary of fundamental development for
quantitative acoustic emission measurements", EPRI Report NP-1877,
National Bureau of Standards, MD (1981)
8) Nondestructive Testing Handbook, Vol 5, Acoustic Emission
Testing, American Society of Nondestructive Testing, Inc, (1987)
9) F. R. Breckenridge, T. M. Proctor, N. N. Hsu, S. E. Fick and D.
- 62 -
G. Eitzen, "Transient sources for acoustic emission work", Progress
in Acoustic Emission V, Jap. Soc. ND1, p. 10 (1990)
10)
%*ticM^N3 ^ 8 . " V&&7]&*M&*t$\x]. 123L 1231, pp.1119-1125, 1999.
11) J.E. Michaels, T.E. Michaels, and W. Sachse, "Applications of
deconvolution to acoustic emission signal analysis," Material
Evaluation, Vol. 39, Oct. 1981.
12) M. Shiwa, H. Inabe, S.H. Carpenter, and T. Kishi, "Development
of high-sensitivity and low-noise integrated acoustic emission
sensor," Material Evaluation, July 1992.
13) M. G. Silk, Ultrasonic Transducers for Nondestructive Testing,
Adam Hilger Ltd., 1984.
14) W. Sachse and N.N.Hsu, "Ultrasonic Transducers for Material
Testing and their Characterization, " Chapter 4, Physical Acoustics,
Vol. 14, W.P.Mason and R.N.Thurston, Eds., Academic Press, NY(1979),
pp. 277-405.
15) I.G. Scott, Basic Acoustic Emission, Gorden and Breach Science
Publishers, 1991.
16)
JL, PP. 1198-1206, 1999.
- 63 -
IMS
KAERI/TR-1691/2000
2000
63 p. S. 3. 7) Cm.
(15-20
ASTM E1106 standard^]
lfe AE
o.a AE
«gs}. #
fe ASTM E976 standard
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AE ^ ^ f f , AE
BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SHEET
Performing Org.
Report No.
Sponsoring Org.
Report No.Standard Report No. INIS Subject Code
KAERI/TR-1691/2000
Title / Subtitle Characteristic Evaluation of Acoustic Emission Sensors
Project Manager
and DepartmentHyun-Kyu Jung(Quantum Optics Lab.)
Researcher and
DepartmentY.S. Joo(KALIMER), N.H. Lee(Quantum Optics Lab.)
Publication
PlaceTaejon Publisher KAERI
Publication
Date2000
Pagep. 63
111. & Tab. Yes( o), No ( ) SizeCm.
Note
Classified Open( o ), Restricted(
Class DocumentReport Type Technical Report
Sponsoring Org. Contract No.
Abstract
Lines)
(15-20
This report introduces the various kinds of Acoustic Emission(AE) sensors as well as the
basic principle of AE sensors in order to select AE sensor suitably. The described sensors
include : high sensitivity sensor, broadband sensor, underwater sensor, miniature sensor,
directional sensor, integral pre-amplifier sensor. Sensor has two critical aspects of reliability
and repeatability. For the high reliability, sensor has to be calibrated in accordance with
ASTM standard E 1106 which explains to measure the characteristics of AE sensor
accurately. For investigating the degradation of AE sensor under the severe environment for
example the high radiation condition, It is important to perform the repeatability test which
is described in detail in according to the ASTM standard E 976. Two kinds of AE sensor
applications are also summarized.
Subject Keywords
(About 10 words)
Acoustic Emission(AE) sensor, AE sensor types, AE sensor
calibration, AE sensor degradation.
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